Showing papers by "Aalto University published in 1982"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the environmental impacts of modernizing consumption styles in six European nations, the USA and aggregates for all European community countries, and argued for recycling, demanufacturing, demarketing, and reorientation of marketing goals to mitigate the negative environment impacts.
Abstract: This article examines the environmental impacts of modernizing consumption styles in six European nations, the USA and aggregates for all European community countries. Modernizing consumption decreases home production of consumable goods and services while increasing market efficiency through purchase and home storage of time-labor saving products. However modernizing consumption also results in raising environmental impacts as measured by the amount and composition of post-consumption waste, the amount and composition of energy use, and pollution and resource depletion. Qualitative changes in consumption styles resulting from enrichment as well as modernization argue for recycling, demanufacturing, demarketing, and reorientation of marketing goals to mitigate the negative environment impacts of modernized consumption measured in this article.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the promotional management problems Finnish firms have experienced in exporting to the Soviet Union and OECD countries, focusing on the perceived importance and use of promotional activities as well as the major planning and implementation problems related to these activities.
4 citations
01 Jan 1982
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compare the use of Day's approach and that of Scott and Symons in clustering procedures from the theoretical and computational point of view, and suggest an approach unifying those approaches.
Abstract: Two methods have been suggested for grouping together observations originated from the same multivariate normal distributions, both based on a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation, but leading to different conclusions. In this paper we compare the use of Day’s approach and that of Scott and Symons in clustering procedures from the theoretical and computational point of view. Based on this comparison, we suggest an approach unifying those approaches. The workability of the approach will be verified by numerical experiments.