Aalto University

About: Aalto University is a education organization based out in Espoo, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Carbon nanotube. The organization has 9969 authors who have published 32648 publications receiving 829626 citations. The organization is also known as: TKK & Aalto-korkeakoulu.

Quantitative Stochastic Homogenization and Large-Scale Regularity

Abstract: This is a preliminary version of a book which presents the quantitative homogenization and large-scale regularity theory for elliptic equations in divergence-form The self-contained presentation gives new and simplified proofs of the core results proved in the last several years, including the algebraic convergence rate for the variational subadditive quantities, the large-scale Lipschitz and higher regularity estimates and Liouville-type results, optimal quantitative estimates on the first-order correctors and their scaling limit to a Gaussian free field The last chapter contains new results on the homogenization of the Dirichlet problem, including optimal quantitative estimates of the homogenization error and the two-scale expansion

Obesity Is Associated with Decreased μ-Opioid But Unaltered Dopamine D2 Receptor Availability in the Brain

Abstract: Neurochemical pathways involved in pathological overeating and obesity are poorly understood. Although previous studies have shown increased μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and decreased dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) availability in addictive disorders, the role that these systems play in human obesity still remains unclear. We studied 13 morbidly obese women [mean body mass index (BMI), 42 kg/m(2)] and 14 nonobese age-matched women, and measured brain MOR and D2R availability using PET with selective radioligands [(11)C]carfentanil and [(11)C]raclopride, respectively. We also used quantitative meta-analytic techniques to pool previous evidence on the effects of obesity on altered D2R availability. Morbidly obese subjects had significantly lower MOR availability than control subjects in brain regions relevant for reward processing, including ventral striatum, insula, and thalamus. Moreover, in these areas, BMI correlated negatively with MOR availability. Striatal MOR availability was also negatively associated with self-reported food addiction and restrained eating patterns. There were no significant differences in D2R availability between obese and nonobese subjects in any brain region. Meta-analysis confirmed that current evidence for altered D2R availability in obesity is only modest. Obesity appears to have unique neurobiological underpinnings in the reward circuit, whereby it is more similar to opioid addiction than to other addictive disorders. The opioid system modulates motivation and reward processing, and low μ-opioid availability may promote overeating to compensate decreased hedonic responses in this system. Behavioral and pharmacological strategies for recovering opioidergic function might thus be critical to curb the obesity epidemic.

A random matrix model with localization and ergodic transitions

Abstract: Motivated by the problem of many-body localization and the recent numerical results for the level and eigenfunction statistics on the random regular graphs, a generalization of the Rosenzweig–Porter random matrix model is suggested that possesses two transitions. One of them is the Anderson localization transition from the localized to the extended states. The other one is the ergodic transition from the extended non-ergodic (multifractal) states to the extended ergodic states. We confirm the existence of both transitions by computing the two-level spectral correlation function, the spectrum of multifractality and the wave function overlap which consistently demonstrate these two transitions.

Open innovation in SMEs: a systematic literature review

Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the extant literature on open innovation (OI) in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach – An examination of the literature was undertaken to review the studies on open innovation in SMEs. The selected articles were classified in different themes and analyzed accordingly. Findings – The study finds that adopting OI by SMEs improves their overall innovation performance. The authors found that a larger number of studies are based on a quantitative approach. Surprisingly, unlike in many other disciplines, scholars of North America have had a limited contribution. European scholars, along with some scholars from Korea and China, have been active in developing this field of OI in SMEs. Research limitations/implications – This study provides theoretical and managerial implications. With thematic analysis, along with identifying gaps, conflations, and contradictions in the literature, this study proposes an agenda for future exploration. Originality/value – The value of this study lies in the integration of the limited but scattered studies on OI in SMEs.