Institution
Aalto University
Education•Espoo, Finland•
About: Aalto University is a education organization based out in Espoo, Finland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Carbon nanotube. The organization has 9969 authors who have published 32648 publications receiving 829626 citations. The organization is also known as: TKK & Aalto-korkeakoulu.
Topics: Population, Carbon nanotube, Cellulose, Graphene, Thin film
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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Broad Institute1, Harvard University2, University of South Florida3, Lund University4, Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute5, University of Colorado Boulder6, Georgia Regents University7, Turku University Hospital8, University of Turku9, Technische Universität München10, National Institutes of Health11, Newcastle University12, Baylor College of Medicine13, Janssen Pharmaceutica14, Aalto University15, Massachusetts Institute of Technology16
TL;DR: An analysis of more than 10,000 metagenomes from the TEDDY study provides a detailed functional profile of the gut microbiome in relation to islet autoimmunity, and supports the protective effects of short-chain fatty acids in early-onset type 1 diabetes.
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that targets pancreatic islet beta cells and incorporates genetic and environmental factors1, including complex genetic elements2, patient exposures3 and the gut microbiome4. Viral infections5 and broader gut dysbioses6 have been identified as potential causes or contributing factors; however, human studies have not yet identified microbial compositional or functional triggers that are predictive of islet autoimmunity or T1D. Here we analyse 10,913 metagenomes in stool samples from 783 mostly white, non-Hispanic children. The samples were collected monthly from three months of age until the clinical end point (islet autoimmunity or T1D) in the The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, to characterize the natural history of the early gut microbiome in connection to islet autoimmunity, T1D diagnosis, and other common early life events such as antibiotic treatments and probiotics. The microbiomes of control children contained more genes that were related to fermentation and the biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids, but these were not consistently associated with particular taxa across geographically diverse clinical centres, suggesting that microbial factors associated with T1D are taxonomically diffuse but functionally more coherent. When we investigated the broader establishment and development of the infant microbiome, both taxonomic and functional profiles were dynamic and highly individualized, and dominated in the first year of life by one of three largely exclusive Bifidobacterium species (B. bifidum, B. breve or B. longum) or by the phylum Proteobacteria. In particular, the strain-specific carriage of genes for the utilization of human milk oligosaccharide within a subset of B. longum was present specifically in breast-fed infants. These analyses of TEDDY gut metagenomes provide, to our knowledge, the largest and most detailed longitudinal functional profile of the developing gut microbiome in relation to islet autoimmunity, T1D and other early childhood events. Together with existing evidence from human cohorts7,8 and a T1D mouse model9, these data support the protective effects of short-chain fatty acids in early-onset human T1D.
517 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the problem of diffuse astrophysical component separation, and process these maps within a Bayesian framework to derive an internally consistent set of full-sky astrophysical components maps.
Abstract: Planck has mapped the microwave sky in temperature over nine frequency bands between 30 and 857 GHz and in polarization over seven frequency bands between 30 and 353 GHz in polarization. In this paper we consider the problem of diffuse astrophysical component separation, and process these maps within a Bayesian framework to derive an internally consistent set of full-sky astrophysical component maps. Component separation dedicated to cosmic microwave background (CMB) reconstruction is described in a companion paper. For the temperature analysis, we combine the Planck observations with the 9-yr Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) sky maps and the Haslam et al. 408 MHz map, to derive a joint model of CMB, synchrotron, free-free, spinning dust, CO, line emission in the 94 and 100 GHz channels, and thermal dust emission. Full-sky maps are provided for each component, with an angular resolution varying between 7.5 and 1deg. Global parameters (monopoles, dipoles, relative calibration, and bandpass errors) are fitted jointly with the sky model, and best-fit values are tabulated. For polarization, the model includes CMB, synchrotron, and thermal dust emission. These models provide excellent fits to the observed data, with rms temperature residuals smaller than 4μK over 93% of the sky for all Planck frequencies up to 353 GHz, and fractional errors smaller than 1% in the remaining 7% of the sky. The main limitations of the temperature model at the lower frequencies are internal degeneracies among the spinning dust, free-free, and synchrotron components; additional observations from external low-frequency experiments will be essential to break these degeneracies. The main limitations of the temperature model at the higher frequencies are uncertainties in the 545 and 857 GHz calibration and zero-points. For polarization, the main outstanding issues are instrumental systematics in the 100–353 GHz bands on large angular scales in the form of temperature-to-polarization leakage, uncertainties in the analogue-to-digital conversion, and corrections for the very long time constant of the bolometer detectors, all of which are expected to improve in the near future.
515 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have been investigated using the Bethe-Salpeter equation.
Abstract: Using $GW$ first-principles calculations for few-layer and bulk MoS${}_{2}$, we study the effects of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of this layered material. By solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation, we also evaluate the exciton energy in these systems. Our results are in excellent agreement with the available experimental data. Exciton binding energy is found to dramatically increase from 0.1 eV in the bulk to 1.1 eV in the monolayer. The fundamental band gap increases as well, so that the optical transition energies remain nearly constant. We also demonstrate that environments with different dielectric constants have a profound effect on the electronic structure of the monolayer. Our results can be used for engineering the electronic properties of MoS${}_{2}$ and other transition-metal dichalcogenides and may explain the experimentally observed variations in the mobility of monolayer MoS${}_{2}$.
515 citations
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TL;DR: It is argued that the proposed contingency framework captures the complexity and variety of the expanding strategic business nets in a more valid way than the extant classifications of network organizations.
513 citations
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that efficiencies above 22% can be reached, even in thick interdigitated back-contacted cells, where carrier transport is very sensitive to front surface passivation, meaning that the surface recombination issue has truly been solved and black silicon solar cells have real potential for industrial production.
Abstract: A power conversion efficiency of 22% is achieved in black silicon back-contacted solar cells through passivation of the nanostructured surface by a conformal alumina layer.
509 citations
Authors
Showing all 10135 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
John B. Goodenough | 151 | 1064 | 113741 |
Ashok Kumar | 151 | 5654 | 164086 |
Anne Lähteenmäki | 116 | 485 | 81977 |
Kalyanmoy Deb | 112 | 713 | 122802 |
Riitta Hari | 111 | 491 | 43873 |
Robin I. M. Dunbar | 111 | 586 | 47498 |
Andreas Richter | 110 | 769 | 48262 |
Mika Sillanpää | 96 | 1019 | 44260 |
Muhammad Farooq | 92 | 1341 | 37533 |
Ivo Babuška | 90 | 376 | 41465 |
Merja Penttilä | 87 | 303 | 22351 |
Andries Meijerink | 87 | 426 | 29335 |
T. Poutanen | 86 | 120 | 33158 |
Sajal K. Das | 85 | 1124 | 29785 |
Kalle Lyytinen | 84 | 426 | 27708 |