Adama University

About: Adama University is a education organization based out in Nazrēt, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 840 authors who have published 1010 publications receiving 5547 citations. The organization is also known as: Adama Science and Technology University & ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ, አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ.

Biochemical Indices and Haematological Studies of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Persea americana Leaf in Albino Rats

Abstract: The aim of this present study was to evaluate the effect of ethyl acetate extract of P. americana (avocado) on liver and kidney function, lipid profile as well as haematological parameters in albino rats. A total of 20 albino rats were used for this experiment and they were divided into four groups of 5 (A-D) rats each. Group A served as normal control, group B-D served as experimental groups administered with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of ethyl acetate extract of Persea americana leaf per day for 4 weeks respectively. This study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University, Kano, in the month of May, 2018. Liver function test (colorimetric method), kidney indices and lipid profile (spectrophotometry method), and hematological examination (SYSMEX XE-2000) were analysed. Administration of ethyl acetate extract did not produced significant effect on liver and kidney indices in all the treated groups. The extract significantly (P=.05) decrease total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein in all the treated groups. Haematological parameters analysed were not significantly affected in all the treated groups. Thus, ethyl acetate extract of P. americana leaf possesses hypolipidemic potentials and relatively safe for kidney, liver and hematological indices but extremely high doses may not be advisable.

Assessment of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Arsi University Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia

Abstract: Hepatitis B virus is a public health problem worldwide. Vertical transmission from mother to baby is an important route of transmission for hepatitis B virus infection. Consequently, screening pregnant women and realizing the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus during pregnancy is vital to prevent the infection of new born baby from positive mother. The objective of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women and to identify potential risk factors associated with the infection. The study was conducted from January to May, 2016 using data from pregnant women attending the antenatal care unit of Arsi University Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Arsi Zone,Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.Blood samples were collected from 454 pregnant women and tested for hepatitis B surface antigen using rapid strip test which is a qualitative solid phase two site sandwich immunoassay. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and to find out possible risk factors. The overall study subjects with hepatitis B surface antigen positive were 44(9.7%). Most 301(66.3%) of study participants live in urban and 442(97.4%) were married. The socio-demographic status of the participants shows that high hepatitis B surface antigen positivity was among the urban 29(65.9%) and those who were house wife. All except the gestational age of 3rd trimester (p 0.05). It can be concluded that high prevalence of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women was found in this study as compared to the previous studies in different regions of Ethiopia. This high prevalence indicates the importance of implementing preventive measures including vaccination to women in the child bearing age as they are at increased risk of acquiring HBV compared to the general population.

Multi-objective optimisation of tube hydroforming process on IF steel using Taguchi-based principal component analysis

Abstract: Tube hydroforming is one of the eccentric metal shaping procedures, especially utilised as a part of the automotive industry. This process has accentuated much consideration inferable from its diversified applications. To emphasise, aerospace and automotive industries depend much upon this procedure. Earlier most of the researchers worked on the material characterisation and the process parametric impacts of tube hydroforming process. However, very few have attempted on the Multi-objective optimisation of the critical process parameters. In this work, commercial finite element code PAM-STAMP 2G is utilised to do the simulations in view of L27 orthogonal array. Hence a multi-objective optimisation was studied that simultaneously maximises the bulge ratio and minimises the thinning ratio by Taguchi-based principal component analysis (PCA), which is novelty of this work. The present work aims at exploring the impact of geometrical, process and material parameters on aforementioned responses using analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Effect of Nanoparticles on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Operated with Different Fuels

Abstract: Thermal efficiency and fuel economy of diesel engines are better. Despite the fact, due to the depletion of world petroleum reserve and hazardous pollutant emission to the environment, there is a need to research on the improvement of performance and reduction of environmental pollution. Utilization of biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel is a solution to substitute petro-diesel and reduce pollution. The low calorific value of biofuels makes them to have lesser performance values compared to neat diesel. To improve the performance and reduce emission, strategies of fuel modification consisting of modifying fuel characteristics to improve combustion, which leads to better engine performance, less exhaust emissions, and higher fuel economy, are required. Addition of biofuels such as ethanol to petro-diesel lowers the calorific value and the cetane number of the emulsified fuel which reduces the performance of the engine and increase fuel consumption. Adding nanoparicles in base fuel is a promising way of improving fuel properties to improve performance and decrease pollution. In this review work, the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of different nanoparticles such as CNT, MoO3, Al2O3, TiO2 ZnO, CeO2, and GQD in different base fuels are covered. The study indicated that the highest brake thermal efficiency is reported for CNT and Al2O3 nanoparticles. Al2O3, GQD, and TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in a very significant reduction of HC and CO emission. Regarding NOx emission, inconsistent reports are seen from the papers covered in this review. Majority of the research indicated there is a reduction of NOx emission; however, some of the reports which are done by CNT, Al2O3, GQD showed increasing NOx emission relative to the base fuel.