Adama University

About: Adama University is a education organization based out in Nazrēt, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 840 authors who have published 1010 publications receiving 5547 citations. The organization is also known as: Adama Science and Technology University & ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ, አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ.

Review on Buccal Adhesive Drug Delivery System: A Promising Strategy for Poorly Soluble Drugs

Abstract: Rapid developments in the field of molecular biology and gene technology resulted in generation of many macromolecular drugs including peptides, proteins, polysaccharides and nucleic acids in great number possessing superior pharmacological efficacy with site specificity and devoid of untoward and toxic effects. However, the main impediment for the oral delivery of these drugs as potential therapeutic agents is their extensive presystemic metabolism, instability in acidic environment resulting into inadequate and erratic oral absorption. Parentral route of administration is the only established route that overcomes all these drawbacks associated with these orally less/inefficient drugs. But, these formulations are costly, have least patient compliance, require repeated administration, in addition to the other hazardous effects associated with this route. Over the last few decades' pharmaceutical scientists throughout the world are trying to explore transdermal and transmucosal routes as an alternative to injections. Among the various transmucosal sites available, mucosa of the buccal cavity was found to be the most convenient and easily accessible site for the delivery of therapeutic agents for both local and systemic delivery as retentive dosage forms, because it has expanse of smooth muscle which is relatively immobile, abundant vascularization, rapid recovery time after exposure to stress and the near absence of langerhans cells. Direct access to the systemic circulation through the internal jugular vein bypasses drugs from the hepatic first pass metabolism leading to high bioavailability. Further, these dosage forms are self-administrable, cheap and have superior patient compliance. Developing a dosage form with the optimum pharmacokinetics is a promising area for continued research as it is enormously important and intellectually challenging. With the right dosage form design, local environment of the mucosa can be controlled and manipulated in order to optimize the rate of drug dissolution and permeation. Advances in experimental and computational methodologies will be helpful in shortening the processing time from formulation design to clinical use.

Geochemical assessment of groundwater quality: a case study from Adamawa in Northeastern Nigeria

Abstract: This research assesses the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater in Ganye and environs using multivariate statistical analysis. The cation concentrations are in the order of Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ Cl-SO2‒4 > CO2‒3. Piper, Doruv and Schoeller diagrams identified two water types as Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl. The water type is young water of meteoric origin that resulted from the dissolution of aluminosilicate due to induced chemical weathering. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis reveal that natural mineralisation processes accompanied by increased alkalinity, temporary salinity of the water, weathering and rock-water interaction, hardness of water caused by calcium and magnesium ions and anthropogenic contamination are factors responsible for the modification of groundwater chemistry. The results of water quality index revealed that about 30% of the water sources have good quality rating, 53.3% have poor quality rating, 10% fall in the range of very poor, and 6.7% fall within the range of unsuitable for drinking.

WITHDRAWAL: Essential Oil Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activities of Lepidium sativum Seed

Abstract: Lepidium sativum plants are available abundantly in all part of Ethiopia and traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments. The work done on essential oil chemical characterization and biological activity of this plant are still insufficient reports in Ethiopia. Therefore the aim of the present study was to carry out essential oil chemical characterization and antibacterial activities of the seeds extracts and oils of L. sativum obtained from the local area Kersu Kebele, Goma Wereda, Jimma zone. The study was conducted by extraction of the seeds with organic solvents n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The study performed on extraction of essential oil of the seed through hydrodistillation and investigation of phytochemical constituents of each solvent extract. The n-hexane extract (oil) and the essential oil of the seed extract were analyzed with GC-MS and 11 components were obtained from each types of oil. 7, 10, 13-hexadecatrienoic acid (64.42%) and Indol (63.78%) were the major components of n-hexane extracted and essential oil of the seeds respectively. Moreover both oils were held unsaturated fatty acid, saturated fatty acid and aromatic derivative compounds. The preliminary phytochemical test revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, saponins, anthraqunnes, and tannins. Antibacterial activities of the essential oil were implemented by disc diffusion method against one Gram positive bacterium Stphylococus aureus and three Gram negative bacteria: E.coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klibsiella pneumoniae. The inhibition zones of the samples were compared with standard drug ceftriaxone. The essential oil showed antibacterial activities on all the tested bacteria.

On fixed point theorems of monotone functions in Ordered metric spaces

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to establish some coincidence point results for f-nondecreasing self-mapping satisfying certain rational type contractions in the frame work of a metric space endowed with partial order. Some consequences of the main result are given by involving integral type contractions in the space. Some examples are illustrated to support our results. Further, as an application we prove the existence of a unique solution of integral equation by the method of upper and lower solutions.