Adama University

About: Adama University is a education organization based out in Nazrēt, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 840 authors who have published 1010 publications receiving 5547 citations. The organization is also known as: Adama Science and Technology University & ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ, አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ.

Effect of rice variety and blending proportion on the proximate compositions, minerals and phytic acid contents of bread from rice-teff blend

Abstract: Development of bakery products containing rice ( Oryza sativa, Linn .) and teff ( Eragrostis tef ) could have potential health benefits due to their gluten free nature. Nine experimental runs were generated using custom design by JMP 8 software. The effect of two factors, rice variety (Edeget, X-jigna and Nerica-4) and blending proportions of rice and teff (0.5:0.5, 0.7:0.3 and 0.9:0.1) were studied. The data analysis was conducted using SAS software package for the mean comparison and custom design by JMP 8 software. Response surface methodology was applied to study the interaction effect of the main factors and to generate the predictive equations. An optimal value (1.60%) of fiber was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 50% Edeget and 50% teff because teff grain is high in fiber. A maximum value (10.75%) of protein was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 70% Nerica-4 and 30% teff. Carbohydrate was optimal (81.37%) when 90% Edeget and 10% teff were blended because rice grain is high in carbohydrate. Optimal iron content (12.97 mg/100g) was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 50% Nerica-4 and 50% teff because teff grain is high in iron. Optimal zinc content (4.14 mg/100g) was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 50% X-jigna and 50% teff. The optimal value (61.25 mg/100g) of calcium was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 50% Edeget and 50% teff. Optimum (lower) value (0.31mg/g) of phytic acid was obtained when the proportion of the blend was 90% Nerica-4 and 10% teff because rice grain is lower in phytic acid content. It was concluded that rice variety and rice-teff blending proportion had a significant effect on the physico-chemical properties of rice-teff blend bread. An optimal nutrient blend (high in nutrients, low in anti-nutrients) was obtained when 70% Edeget rice variety was blended with 30% teff. All the derived mathematical models for the various responses were found to fit significantly to the predicted data.

Expanded clay basalt fiber concrete: Solving structural defects caused by water penetration

Abstract: The objective of this research paper is to analyze the materials which can be suggested for usage to solve the problem of structural defect caused by water absorption through penetration. Each of t...

Cordia africana but not Juniperus procera and Podocarpus falcatus respond positively to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the early stages of seedling development

Abstract: . Asmelash F, Bekele T, Belay Z, Kebede F. 2021. Cordia africana but not Juniperus procera and Podocarpus falcatus respond positively to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at the early stages of seedling development. Biodiversitas 22: 2971-2980. AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) inoculation could be an important technology to improve the growth and field survival of trees. Hence, we evaluated the mycorrhizal responsiveness of Cordia africana Lam., Juniperus procera (Hoechst. ex Endl.), and Podocarpus falcatus (Thumb.) Mirb. seedlings. Seedlings germinated on sterile sand were transplanted to 1-liter plastic pots filled with sterile and non-sterile degraded bulk soil. Rhizospheric soil from adult C. africana and J. procera were used as whole-soil AMF inocula. Cordia africana and J. procera received conspecific whole-soil AMF inocula while P. falcatus received J. procera inoculum. Hence, in the two-by-two factorial experiment, we also evaluated the growth effects of AMF inoculation, soil type, and their interaction. On the sterile potting soil, MRi (mycorrhizal responsiveness due to AMF inoculation) of C. africana was positive and significantly (p<0.05) greater than the MRi of J. procera and P. falcatus. However, on the non-sterile potting soil, it was significantly greater than the MRi of P. falcatus only. MRs (MR due to the existing potting soil inocula) and considering all growth variables were mostly positive for C. africana but negative for J. procera and P. falcatus. AMF inoculation significantly increased most growth variables of C. africana seedlings and no significant “inoculation” x “soil type” interaction effects were detected. Hence, AMF inoculation of C. africana seedlings could be merited and under wide range of field conditions. In the case of J. procera and P. falcatus, after-planting care could be more appropriate

Capture-recapture Techniques in Estimating the HIV/Hepatitis Prevalence in Gboko, Benue State Nigeria

Abstract: Capture-Recapture technique is used to estimate the number of individuals in a population. This study aimed at estimating the number of HIV/Hepatitis co-infection individuals in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue state, in order to plan or create more awareness of HIV/Hepatitis and to take control measures and prevention. The data were sourced from three data sources namely; General Hospital Gboko, Myom Hospital Gboko and NKST Hospital Mkar. The records showed that, between year 2015-2018, 1,205 HIV/Hepatitis patients registered in Gboko Local Government Area, 662 (54.94%) were identified in General Hospital (GH), 357 (29.63%) in Myom Hospital (MH) and 186 (15.44%) in Nongo Kristu u ser u Sha Tar (NKST) Hospital. Matching the records revealed that, 62 HIV/Hepatitis co-infection individuals or patients were captured by the three data source all together; 31(50%) were captured in General Hospital and Myom Hospital, 15(24.19%) in General Hospital and NKST Hospital, 5(8.07%) in Myom and NKST Hospitals and 11(17.74%) in General Hospital, Myom and NKST Hospitals. The three (3) health facilities were treated as 3 source capture-recapture (C-R) data to estimate the population size of HIV/Hepatitis co-infection in the study Area. The data was analyzed using record linkage/matching and log-linear model techniques, also R statistical package software was used to run the data. The results show that, the model that best fit the data is model (4) with interaction GH+MH+NKST+NKST*GH+NKST*MH with the estimated HIV/Hepatitis co-infected patients at 7182 with a 95% confidence interval of, 5348-10128. The total coverage stood at 16% , this implies that only 16% of the HIV/Hepatitis infected persons are recorded in the study area. Thus expanded data collection and analysis is recommended.

A Dai-Liao Hybrid Hestenes-Stiefel and Fletcher-Revees Methods for Unconstrained Optimization

Abstract: Some problems have no analytical solution or too difficult to solve by scientists, engineers, and mathematicians, so the development of numerical methods to obtain approximate solutions became necessary. Gradient methods are more efficient when the function to be minimized continuously in its first derivative. Therefore, this article presents a new hybrid Conjugate Gradient (CG) method to solve unconstrained optimization problems. The method requires the first-order derivatives but overcomes the steepest descent method’s shortcoming of slow convergence and needs not to save or compute the second-order derivatives needed by the Newton method. The CG update parameter is suggested from the Dai-Liao conjugacy condition as a convex combination of Hestenes-Stiefel and Fletcher-Revees algorithms by employing an optimal modulating choice parameterto avoid matrix storage. Numerical computation adopts an inexact line search to obtain the step-size that generates a decent property, showing that the algorithm is robust and efficient. The scheme converges globally under Wolfe line search, and it’s like is suitable in compressive sensing problems and M-tensor systems.