Adama University

About: Adama University is a education organization based out in Nazrēt, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 840 authors who have published 1010 publications receiving 5547 citations. The organization is also known as: Adama Science and Technology University & ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ, አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Potency of Citrus Limon (Lemon) Juice Against Some Pathogenic Organisms as Alternative Source of Chemotherapy

Abstract: The development of antibiotic resistance by pathogenic microorganisms have necessitated the quest for alternative drug therapy. The efficacy and safety of extract from Citrus limon for the development of alternative antibacterial drug using the cold-pressing extraction methods and column chromatography to obtain crude juice extracts and fractions respectively while the agar well diffusion and tube dilution methods were used to screen the juice extract and fractions for antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. A total of 277.5mL (12.313%) of juice was obtained from 2253.8g of fruit while the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 10 phytocomponents namely tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids, steroids, phenols, cardiac glycoside, terpenes, resins and saponins. One hundred percent (100%) of the juice crude extract exhibited the highest activity with mean inhibition zones (MIZ) ranged from 25.00±0.57mm to 32.33±0.33mm while 25% (6.67±1.15mm to 10.00±1.00mm) exhibited the least activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) for the juice crude extract ranged from 25% to 12.5% and 100% respectively while S. paratyphi C, S. typhi, K. pneumoniae and S. pneumoniae were still viable at 100%. Out of the three fractions eluted, only one (JEtOAc) was active against all the test organisms with MIZ ranged from 14.00±0.33mm to 22.33±1.20mm while 27 compounds were identified in the fractions by GCMS. Notable group of compounds identified include fatty acids, terpenes, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The MIC and MBC for the fractions ranged from 30mg/mL to 15mg/mL and >120mg/mL to 30mg/mL. Based on these findings, it can therefore be concluded that the juice extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Citrus limon possess antibacterial activity due to the abundant presence of secondary metabolites and it is recommended that toxicity test be carried out on the crude extract and fraction for the development of alternative drugs for the control and treatment of infections caused by resistant organisms.

The Homogeneity of Igbo Culture

Abstract: The focus of this work is on the Igbo east of the Niger. Their territory lies within latitude 5-70 North and longitude 6-80east, covering an area of 4106.2 square kilometers, with a population density of 800 people per square kilometer. Excavations in Igbo territories reveal the existence of ancient Igbo settlement. The Igbo language has been spoken for four thousand years, a fact which attests the antiquity of Igbo culture. The cultural complex of the Igbo people are found all over Igbo land in one form or another. This study reconstructs the cultural history of the Igbo people. The objective was to infield and showcase the Igbos as homogenous in their culture. The methodology relied on recorded and documented materials and literature. It also used data derived from archaeological and the distribution of material culture, diagrams/maps and other non-material culture complexes that occur in the Igbo land. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n6p393

The self-curing phenomenon of schistosome infection in rhesus macaques: insight from in vitro studies.

Abstract: A reduction in the burden of schistosomiasis is potentially achievable by integrating a schistosomiasis vaccine with current control measures. Here, we determine parasite-specific in vitro responses of B, T, and NK cells from naive uninfected rhesus macaques to Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) egg (SmEA) and worm antigen (SmWA) preparations isolated from infected baboons. Pronounced B cell responses to SmEA and NK cell responses to both SmEA and SmWA were observed. High levels of IL-2 and IL-21 responses against Sm antigens were observed in T and non-T cells of lymph nodes (LNs) and gut lamina propria-derived lymphocytes (LPLs). Data analysis showed multifunctionality of LN-derived CD4+ , CD8+ , and CD4+ CD8+ double positive T cells against either SmWA or SmWA+SmEA antigen preparations. Distinct SmEA-specific multifunctional responses were observed in gut LPLs, suggesting simultaneous responses against egg antigens. These data provide insight into the immune effectors involved in schistosome responses by rhesus macaques.

Phytoplankton Diversity and Abundance in Lake Ribadu, Adamawa State, Nigeria

Abstract: This study was carried out to look at the phytoplankton diversity and abundance in Lake Ribadu, Fufore Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study was carried out for a period of 6 months (July to December 2016). Phytoplanktons sampling was carried out by using the plankton net of mesh size 55µm by hauling horizontally for five meters. Frequency counts, percentages were used to analyzing the phytoplankton species composition and abundance while ComEcolPaC (a Microsoft Excel 2003 based program) was used to analyze the variation in the diversity indices. A total of Twenty one (21) species were observed in the study sites. Bacillariophyceae recorded the highest with the percentage abundance of 37.8% followed by Chlorophyceae with 35.12%, Myxophyceae with 25.82% while Chrysophyceae with 1.53% is the least abundant. The study recommends that Monitoring of the lake by the immediate community and regulation of all anthropogenic activities should be given topmost priority as part of the environmental management policy for the sustainability of aquatic resources of the lake.