Adama University

About: Adama University is a education organization based out in Nazrēt, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 840 authors who have published 1010 publications receiving 5547 citations. The organization is also known as: Adama Science and Technology University & ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ, አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ.

Applying 3D-eco routing model to reduce environmental footprint of road transports in Addis Ababa City

Abstract: Climate change has emerged as a very important threat to economic development, atmosphere, and public health. One of the driving factors behind global climate change is road transportation. Therefore, the sector needs to take on the responsibility of addressing its negative impacts on the environment. This study seeks to find ways of mitigating the impacts of climate change. It pays particular attention to greenhouse gas emissions and other selected air pollutants based on a new navigation concept called eco-route, a 3D eco-routing transportation planning method that can help reduce the environmental footprints of Road transports in Addis Ababa city for distribution vehicles. The model applied in this study considered the road gradient, varying velocity or speed of vehicles, and weight of vehicles to evaluate gradient effects on consumption of fuel, CO2 and also other air pollutants emission. The model is applied in three scenarios within different vehicle weight ranges and three different cases in Addis Ababa. The finds of the study imply the eco-routes emission reduction potential from fuel and CO2 in the tested scenarios is up to 39.81% while other air pollutants account for 25.65%. The results prove that eco routes have the ability of reducing Fuel consumption, CO2 and other air pollutant emission rate. Eco routes have the potential to provide sustainable transportation opportunities for Addis Ababa city. This study recommends that eco-routes should be used instead of shortest and fastest routes where significant road gradients exist.

An Efficient and Secure User Authentication Protocol for Smart Card Users

Abstract: There are so many communication schemes available today for the communication between authorized remote users and servers over an insecure network. These types of authentication schemes generally use the password for the authentication. To have the communication between remote users and servers, many researchers have proposed remote user authentication techniques using the smart card. The advantage of using the smart card is the storage availability and the computation speed. In many proposed protocols, authors argued that their protocol is secure and efficient against any type of attack. Unfortunately, many model fails against the off-line password guessing attack, and with these schemes, wrong password detection is not easy. Also, as many schemes use RSA cryptosystem to offer the authentication, it adds computational overhead to system which is not suitable for the smart card applications. In this paper, efficient smart card-based authentication protocol using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is proposed. This proposed scheme has faster computation as compared to the available schemes, and it is secure against variable attacks.

Prediction of bearing capacity of fine grained soils from field Dynamic Cone Penetration reading

Abstract: Bearing capacity is one of the important parameters that needs to be considered for design and construction of foundations of civil engineering structures. The conventional method of estimating this parameter is commonly using Terzaghi’s equation, which requires the shear strength parameter of soil. Shear strength test is expensive and time consuming, hence conventional method of estimating bearing capacity is uneconomical especially for small scale projects. Dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) is one of the simple in situ test methods widely used in site investigation for estimating the strength and density of soils. This work is, therefore, aimed at predicting bearing capacity of shallow foundations from field in situ DCP reading for fine grained soils of Asella town, Ethiopia.. The soil index properties and tri-axial tests to determine the shear strength parameters were performed on soil samples extracted from different pits. On the same pits, DCP test have been performed in the field to record D-value (mm/blow). Then regression analysis have been performed to determine relationship of allowable bearing capacity (qall) with D-value and index properties. Regression analyses results showed that qall have strong relation with D-value having coefficient of determination (R2=0.89) than index properties. The footing dimension have no effect on the predicted bearing capacity of foundation. The comparison between the developed equation and the actual qall obtained from Terzagi’s bearing capacity equation shows average variations of 11.7%, suggesting the validity of the developed equation.

External Debt and Domestic Debt Impact on the Growth of the Nigerian Economy

Abstract: The rationale for this paper is to establish the relationship between economic growth, external debt and domestic debt in Nigeria. Debt has become inevitable phenomenon in Nigeria, despite its oil wealth. This paper therefore is set to investigate the impact of external debt, and domestic debt on economic growth in Nigeria between 1970-2010 through the application of Ordinary least square method to establish a simple relationship between the variables under study, Augmented Dickey-Fuller technique in testing the unit root property of the series and Granger causality test of causation between GDP, external debt and domestic debt. The results of unit root suggest that all the variables in the model are stationary and the results of Causality suggest that there is a bi-directional causation between external debt and GDP while no causation existed between domestic debt and GDP as well no causation existed between external debt and domestic debt. The results of OLS also revealed that external debt possessed a negative impact on economic growth while domestic debt has impacted positively on economic growth (GDP). A good performance of an economy in terms of per capita growth may therefore be attributed to the level of domestic debt and not on the level of external debt in the country; therefore external debt is seen as inimical to the economic progress of a country. The paper found that domestic debts if properly manage can lead to high growth level. A major policy implication of this result is that concerted effort be made by policy makers to manage the debt effectively by channeling them to productive activities (real sector) so as to increase the level of output in Nigeria, hence achieving the desire level of growth. Another policy implication of the study is that most developing countries contract debt for selfish reasons rather than for the promotion of economic growth through investment in capital formation and other social overhead capital. Thus, the paper also recommends that government should rely more on domestic debt in stimulating growth rather than external debt. Government should formulate policies aimed at encouraging domestic savings vis-a-vis domestic investment. The need for borrowing is due to gap between domestic savings and investment, therefore, bridging the gap can be a likely solution to Nigeria’s debt accumulation. For debt to promote growth in Nigeria and other highly indebted countries fiscal discipline and high sense of responsibility in handling public funds should be the Watchword of these countries’ leaders. Debt can only be reduced to the barest minimum by increasing output level (GDP).

Optimized Performance Validation of Biosensors with High Fault Tolerance

Abstract: The deployment of biosensors is increasing with advancement of bio-electronics. Owing to challenging state of working of biosensors, the present applications of biosensors are capable of capturing only certain types of signals till date. This detection also depends on the type of the bio transducers used for signal generation and therefore, the signals generated from biosensors cannot be considered to be error free. This paper has reviewed some of the existing research contributions towards biosensor validation to find that there are no computational framework that efficiently performs validation as majority of the technique uses either clinical approach or experimental approach, which limits the validation of bio signal performance. Therefore, this paper presents a novel computational framework that uses enhanced version of auto-associative neural network and significantly optimizes the validation performance of biosensors as compared to other conventional optimization techniques.