Adama University

About: Adama University is a education organization based out in Nazrēt, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 840 authors who have published 1010 publications receiving 5547 citations. The organization is also known as: Adama Science and Technology University & ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ, አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ.

Development and Characterization of Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) from Nigerian Kankara Kaolin and Gray Cast Iron Filling

Abstract: This study developed a ceramic composite material (CMC) for use as a refractory material from “Kankara” clay (kaolin) as a matrix material mixed with gray cast iron (GCI) as reinforcement. The CMCs were prepared by varying the percentage by weight of the gray cast iron using 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 wt%. Tests were conducted on the developed CMC, using standard test techniques, to determine physical and the mechanical properties of the produced composites. The results for mechanical properties showed improvement in the hardness value from 47% at 5% GCI content to 94% at 45% GCI content; the compressive strength improved from 3.11% at 5% GCI to a peak of 7.15% at 25% GCI and then descended down to 3.74% at 45% GCI content while the ultimate tensile strength improved from 0.75% at 5% GCI to a peak of 1.87% at 25% GCI down to 1.34% at 45% GCI content. Equally, there is an increase in bulk density from 1.74% for 5% GCI content to 2.09% for 45% GCI contentment. The linear shrinkage reduced from 11.57% to 1.15%; water absorption also reduced from 33.68% to 15.20%; apparent porosity too reduced from 42.2% to 16.02%. However, cold crushing strength initially increased with increase in GCI content from 3.89 to a peak of 13.32 V for 25% GCI content and progressively dropped to a value of 5.25 V at 45% GCI content. All the values obtained from the blends are within the recommended values for kiln shelves. However, the CMC developed on 25% GCI content showed the best combination of both mechanical and physical properties required of a good material for the production of kiln shelves.

Biochemical constituents of withania somnifera under the indole-3-butyric acid and triazole soil drenching techniques

Abstract: The present study is aimed at understanding the effect of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and triazole compounds viz., triadimefon (TDM) and propiconazole (PCZ) on the biochemicals of ashwagandha. Treatments were given on 50, 90 and 130 d after sowing (DAS). Biochemical constituents such as proline, glycine betaine and total alkaloids content were determined. It was observed that proline, glycine betaine and alkaloids content were enhanced by TDM and PCZ than followed by IBA treatment when compared to control for respective growth stages. Among the treatments, triazole compounds caused pronounced effect to the biochemical accumulation in higher level when compared to IBA treatment. These results suggest that, triazole active compounds act as a growth regulator also influence hormonal balance and great significance, which is helpful to satisfy the needs of enhance the biochemical contents in Ashwagandha.

Multi Inteligent Traffic Light Optimization techniques by appling Modified Component Analysis Algorithm

Abstract: Large cities situated within the developing countries facing one of the most important problems are heavy traffic congestion. It happened because of fast urbanization n. Many modern infrastructures for constructing a traffic signal have been introduced. Due to high maintenance cost and less knowledge of local workers that infrastructure doesn't work well. In this paper, we proposed a new technique for signal control framework, which estimates the traffic flows using the image analysis. For this technique inexpensive Web cameras are required for supporting signal control strategy which is based on traffic volume on that particular time. Traffic volumes can be estimated with few observation points. Based on that, signal controls can be adjusted. Numerical experiments of this proposed work confirmed that average travel time is reduced to 20.6% while comparing to the fixed-time signal control.

Design and Analysis of Zero Turning Radius Steering System for Light Vehicles (Bajaj QUTE)

Abstract: In this work, a two-mode steering system which has minimum turning and zero turning configurations has been modelled and simulated in CATIA V5 and analysed in ANSYS 18.1. A detailed conceptual design process was done which helps to evaluate a variety of concept variants and select the appropriate and efficient design path for the developed mechanism which has the two modes in a single car. In this study, different assumptions were made appropriately using the data by visiting different websites as well as by measuring directly from the car. To check the strength of the components of the designed steering system, static structural analysis and eigenvalue buckling analysis were done with proper mesh size. In addition to this, the kinematic analysis of the assembled system was carried out using CATIA DMU kinematics to see how the motion of the mechanism look like and to check whether it can move as required or not. In this work, it is found that the turning radius of the benchmark vehicle (Bajaj QUTE) is minimized from 3.5 to 1.13 m which results in a decrement of 62.4% in minimum turning configuration, and it has a 100% reduction in zero turning radius mode. That means, using zero turning radius mode, the minimum area required to rotate the vehicle 3600 is only 7.3 m2 which can be available everywhere and helps the driver to manoeuvre easily and drive in the required direction. While reducing the turning radius of a vehicle, it is obvious that the critical speed will become less during negotiating a curve due to load transfer. Hence, the critical speed during the application of minimum turning configuration is about 43 km/h, and it is 31 km/h when the driver uses a zero turning mode.

Water Conservation Through Decentralized Rainwater Harvesting Under Climate Uncertainty

Abstract: Water is essential to sustain life, and adequate, safe and accessible supply must be available to all. Millions of people throughout the world do not have access to clean water for domestic purposes. In many parts of the world, conventional piped water is either not available, unreliable or too expensive. One of the biggest challenges of the twenty-first century is to overcome the growing water shortage. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) has thus regained its importance as a valuable alternative or supplementary water resource, along with more conventional water supply technologies. Much actual or potential water shortages can be relieved if rainwater harvesting is practiced more widely. Severe water shortages and extremely fragile ecological conditions necessitate careful attention to water resources conservation and management. Nowadays, cumulative effects of climate change, population increase, development, and industrialization are leading to increased water demand which seeks careful and strategic management of the available resource. In the Ethiopian context, the average annual population growth is about 2.8% and twice of water demand increase. People collect and store rainwater in buckets, tanks, ponds, and wells. This is commonly referred to as rainwater harvesting and has been practiced for centuries. Rainwater can be used for multiple purposes ranging from irrigating crops to washing, cooking and drinking. In this paper, assessment and review are done on effects of climate change, population growth and development on water demand increase. Long-term average annual rainfall was accessed from meteorological data, and minimum numbers of houses data were taken from Ethiopian 2007 census data. Finally, possible amount of water harvested is estimated for domestic and other water uses.