Adama University

About: Adama University is a education organization based out in Nazrēt, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 840 authors who have published 1010 publications receiving 5547 citations. The organization is also known as: Adama Science and Technology University & ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ, አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ.

Latent Fingerprint Enhancement Techniques: A Review

Abstract: Fingerprint (FP) is a global mark used for personal identification. This study reviews recent latent fingerprint (LFP) enhancement techniques including metal oxides, multi-metal deposition (MMD-I/II/SMD/Au-ASP), optical, chemical, physical, and physicochemical. Furthermore, analytical techniques involved in identification, evaluation, and determination of pieces of evidence, and perpetrators including the SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, IR/NIR, SERS, SKP, DLS, MALDI-MSI, and TD analysis were also discussed. Among numerous LFP enhancement techniques, the application of chemical methods in combination with optical techniques has a greater place to recover FPs with sufficient quality. However, instead of using such a complex and costly enhancing agent, nowadays nanotechnology is using specific techniques used for visualizing, inspecting, gathering, and analyzing trace evidence at the scene of a crime. To indicate using simple metal oxides such as ZnO that have superior fluorescent properties and also that consider both the surface and cost of the materials, enhancement of the LFP is functioning.

Molecular docking analysis and evaluation of the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the constituents of Ocimum cufodontii.

Abstract: Ocimum cufodontii ((Lanza) A.J.Paton) has been traditionally used in Ethiopia against bacteria. The extracts of the leaves and roots of O. cufodontii after silica gel column chromatography furnished compounds 1–5, compounds 3 and 4 are new natural products. The oil from the hydro-distillation of the leaves, after analyzed with GC–MS, has led to the identification of β-caryophyllene as a principal component, suggesting the essential oil as medicine and spices to enhance the taste of food. The constituents of O. cufodontii were assessed for their antibacterial activity against E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. typhymurium and S. aureus. The best activity was displayed against S. aureus by the hexane extract of the roots, compound 4, and the essential oil with an inhibition zone of 17, 15, and 19 mm, respectively. Molecular docking analysis revealed that compound 1 has better docking efficiency and forms hydrophobic interactions with five amino acids (ARG192, PHE196, GLU185, GLU193, and LYS189). This suggests that the compounds may act as potential inhibitors of DNA gyrase. The constituents were also assessed for their antioxidant activities using DPPH, ferric thicyanate and ferric reducing power assay. The hexane extracts of the roots inhibited the DPPH radical and peroxide formation by 90.5 and 83%, respectively, suggesting the potential of the extract as an antioxidant. Furthermore, the hexane extract of the roots of O. cufodontii exhibited the maximum reducing power compared with the EtOAc and methanol extracts. Hence, the activity displayed herein indicated as the plant has great potential as a remedy for diseases caused by bacteria and radicals.

Probing the interaction of caffeic acid with ZnO nanoparticles.

Abstract: The binding of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and caffeic acid (CFA) was investigated using fluorescence quenching, UV/vis absorption spectrscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) at different temperatures. The study results indicated fluorescence quenching between ZnO NPs and CFA rationalized in terms of a static quenching mechanism or the formation of non-fluorescent CFA-ZnO. From fluorescence quenching spectral analysis, the binding constant (K(a)), number of binding sites (n) and thermodynamic properties were determined. Values of the quenching (K(SV)) and binding (K(a)) constants decrease with increasing temperature and the number of binding sites n = 2. The thermodynamic parameters determined using Van't Hoff equation indicated that binding occurs spontaneously involving the hydrogen bond, and van der Waal's forces played a major role in the reaction of ZnO NPs with CFA. The FTIR, TEM and DLS measurements also indicated differences in the structure, morphology and size of CFA, ZnO NPs and their corresponding CFA-ZnO.

A Four-Component Domino Reaction: An Eco-Compatible and Highly Efficient Construction of 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives, Their In Silico Molecular Docking, Drug Likeness, ADME, and Toxicity Studies

Abstract: A multicomponent domino reaction of enaminone, malononitrile, and o-phthalaldehyde has been established, providing direct access to novel highly functionalized pentacyclic cyclopenta [b] indeno [1, 2, 3-de] [1,8] naphthyridine derivatives. The simplicity of execution, readily available substrates, high yields, excellent functional group tolerance, scalability, and good scores of environmental parameters make this synthetic strategy more sustainable and worthy of further attention. This one-pot transformation, which involved multiple steps and did not require the use of a catalyst, constructed four new C-C bonds, two new C-N bonds, and three new rings, with efficient use of all reactants. Furthermore, we performed in silico molecular docking analysis for prediction of anticancer (against human topoisomerase IIβ protein) and antimicrobial (against E.coli. DNA gyrase B protein) activities. Drug likeness and ADMET studies were also predicted. Overall investigation indicates that compound 6i may serve as a candidate that could be developed as potential anticancer and antimicrobial agent among all.

In silico guided structural and functional analysis of genes with potential involvement in resistance to coffee leaf rust: A functional marker based approach.

Abstract: Physiology-based differentiation of SH genes and Hemileia vastatrix races is the principal method employed for the characterization of coffee leaf rust resistance. Based on the gene-for-gene theory, nine major rust resistance genes (SH1-9) have been proposed. However, these genes have not been characterized at the molecular level. Consequently, the lack of molecular data regarding rust resistance genes or candidates is a major bottleneck in coffee breeding. To address this issue, we screened a BAC library with resistance gene analogs (RGAs), identified RGAs, characterized and explored for any SH related candidate genes. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of a gene (gene 11), which shares conserved sequences with other SH genes and displays a characteristic polymorphic allele conferring different resistance phenotypes. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the two RGAs belonging to CC-NBS-LRR revealed more intense diversifying selection in tomato and grape genomes than in coffee. For the first time, the present study has unveiled novel insights into the molecular nature of the SH genes, thereby opening new avenues for coffee rust resistance molecular breeding. The characterized candidate RGA is of particular importance for further biological function analysis in coffee.