Adama University

About: Adama University is a education organization based out in Nazrēt, Ethiopia. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 840 authors who have published 1010 publications receiving 5547 citations. The organization is also known as: Adama Science and Technology University & ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ, አዳማ ሳይንስና ቴክኖሎጂ ዩኒቨርሲቲ.

Anti-diabetic effects of Ficus Asperifolia in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract: The current study aimed to determine the antidiabetic effects of leaf extract of Ficus asperifolia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A total of ninety-five (95) adult rats were used for the experiment. The whole study protocol was divided into three sets of individual experiments. The animals were divided randomly into seven groups of five rats each. The rats were given a diet supplemented with 50 g high fat to 50 g vital feeds for two weeks. The study lasted 28 days with daily administration and weekly blood glucose and body weight check. At the end of the experiment protocol, the rats were fasted overnight and were anesthetized. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture from each animal for biochemical analysis. Metglim 3.38 mg/kg bodyweight was used as positive control. Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin (35 mg/kg in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline) intraperitoneally for 5 days. Phytochemicals were analyzed in both extract and fractions. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, carotenoids, terpenes, and steroids in both extract and fractions. Proteins, carbohydrates, and fats were detected by systematic molecular analysis. Fraction 1 of plant extracts prevented glucose-induced hyperglycaemia 30 min’ post glucose load in all rats. Streptozotocin treatment caused a significant increase (p˂0.05) in blood sugar, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoproteins and a significant (p˂0.05) decrease in food intake, body weight and high-density lipoproteins in diabetic rats. Treatment with the extract significantly improved the derangements caused by streptozotocin. These results suggest that the leaf extracts of Ficus asperifolia could serve as a potential treatment for diabetes therapy.

Software designing methodology for ICT4D domain

Abstract: ICT Interventions at agriculture information service provide rural farmer with the knowledge to improve their wellbeing. There are various technological and operational components that go into design of a software system particularly in ICT for development initiatives. We aimed to design method that covers socio-technical issues via participatory design.

Understanding the Mechanism of Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Using Cu/Cu-Based Electrodes: A Review

Abstract: Interestingly, copper has been identified as an ideal metal catalyst for an industrial scale electrochemical reduction of CO2 to various value-added chemicals relative to other metal catalysts reported so far. This is due to the fact that copper and copper-based materials have the potential to convert CO2 to oxygenates such as ethanol, methanol, formates etc. and hydrocarbons such as ethane, methane etc. Mechanistic details on how these products are formed on the catalyst-electrolyte interphase during the reduction process have remained relatively uncovered. This review, therefore, seeks to uncover the mechanism of electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu/Cu based electrodes, factors that affect catalytic activity and selectivity for these electrodes as reported in the various literature. This paper is therefore organized as follows: section 1 covers the introduction; an overview of some basic concepts in electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) was discussed in section 2, experimental studies were discussed in section 3, and finally the conclusion.

Curcumin and Curcumin-based derivatives as anti-cancer agents: Recent Nano-Synthetic Methodologies and Anti-cancer Therapeutic Mechanisms

Abstract: Curcumin which is an active component of tumeric, derived from the dried rhizome of curcuma longa plant has been known for its medicinal values in wound healing, treatment of inflammatory disease, urinary tract infections, biliary disease, and liver ailments. This medicinal property has been recently exploited in cancer prevention and therapy since extensive studies have revealed the mechanisms of action of curcumin as an anti-cancer agent, in which transcription factors, anti-apoptotic proteins, growth factor receptors and multi-drug resistance proteins are involved. In order to improve the medicinal value of curcumin in cancer prevention and therapy, novel nanoformulations of curcumin have been synthesized, ranging from nanoparticles, nanolipids, chitosan, and nanofibers. Here, the recent method of curcumin synthesis using nanotechnology and the mechanisms by which they exert their anti-cancer effects will be reviewed.

Active learning approaches in mathematics education at universities in Ethiopia: the discrepancies between policy and practice

Abstract: This article aims to examine the extent to which active learning approaches are implemented in mathematics classrooms in selected Ethiopian universities. Constructivist learning theories are used as conceptual framework. In a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, four universities in one state are purposefully selected. In the quantitative phase, 84 lecturers completed questionnaires. The qualitative approach included observation of 16 lessons, and interviews with eight lecturers and four department heads. The study found that, although the application of active learning is emphasised in Ethiopian policies, traditional lecture methods dominate most classrooms. Obstacles that practitioners experienced are identified and recommendations made. The significance of the study lies in the fact that it highlights discrepancies between policy and practice. Aktiewe leerbenaderings tot wiskunde-onderwys aan Ethiopiese universiteite : die diskrepansies tussen beleid en praktyk Hierdie artikel beoog om die mate waartoe aktiewe leer in wiskunde-lokale in geselekteerde Etiopiese universiteite geimplementeer word, na te vors. Konstruktiwistiese leerteoriee word as konseptuele raamwerk gebruik. In 'n gemengdemetode opeenvolgende verklarende ontwerp is vier universiteite in een streek doelgerig geselekteer. In die kwantitatiewe fase het 84 dosente vraelyste voltooi. Die kwalitatiewe fase het observasie van 16 lesse en onderhoude met agt dosente en vier departementshoofde ingesluit. Die studie het gevind dat alhoewel Etiopiese beleid aktiewe leer vereis, tradisionele lesings die meeste klaskamers oorheers. Probleme wat dosente beleef, word geidentifiseer en aanbevelings word gemaak. Die waarde van die studie le in die feit dat dit diskrepansies tussen beleidsmakers en die toepassers van die beleid blootle.