Agilent Technologies

About: Agilent Technologies is a company organization based out in Santa Clara, California, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Mass spectrometry. The organization has 7398 authors who have published 11518 publications receiving 262410 citations. The organization is also known as: Agilent Technologies, Inc..

Microcap wafer-level package with vias

Abstract: A microcap wafer-level package is provided in which a micro device is connected to bonding pads on a base wafer. A peripheral pad on the base wafer encompasses the bonding pads and the micro device. A cap wafer is processed to form wells of a predetermined depth in the cap wafer. A conductive material is made integral with the walls of the wells in the cap wafer. The cap wafer has contacts and a peripheral gasket formed thereon where the contacts are capable of being aligned with the bonding pads on the base wafer, and the gasket matches the peripheral pad on the base wafer. The cap wafer is then placed over the base wafer so as to bond the contact and gasket to the pads and form a hermetically sealed volume within the peripheral gasket. The cap wafer is thinned to form a “microcap”. The microcap is thinned below the predetermined depth until the semiconductor dopant is exposed to become conductive vias through the cap wafer to outside the hermetically sealed volume.

Proximity detector for a seeing eye mouse

Abstract: An optical mouse images as an array of pixels the spatial features of generally any micro textured or micro detailed work surface below the mouse. The photo detector responses are digitized and stored as a frame into memory. Motion produces successive frames of translated patterns of pixel information, which are compared by autocorrelation to ascertain the direction and amount of movement. A hold feature suspends the production of movement signals to the computer, allowing the mouse to be physically relocated on the work surface without disturbing the position on the screen of the pointer. This may be needed if the operator runs out of room to physically move the mouse further, but the screen pointer still needs to go further. The hold feature may be implemented with an actual button, a separate proximity detector or by detecting the presence of a characteristic condition in the digitized data, such as loss of correlation or velocity in excess of a selected limit. A convenient place for an actual hold button is along the sides of the mouse near the bottom, where the thumb and the opposing ring finger grip the mouse. The gripping force used to lift the mouse engages the hold function. Hold may incorporate a brief delay upon either the release of the hold button, detection of proper proximity or the return of reasonable digitized values. During that delay any illumination control or AGC servo loops stabilize. A new reference frame is taken prior to the resumption of motion detection.

Development and practical application of a library of CID accurate mass spectra of more than 2,500 toxic compounds for systematic toxicological analysis by LC-QTOF-MS with data-dependent acquisition.

Abstract: A library of collision-induced dissociation (CID) accurate mass spectra has been developed for efficient use of liquid chromatography in combination with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS) as a tool in systematic toxicological analysis. The mass spectra (Δm < 3 ppm) of more than 2,500 illegal and therapeutic drugs, pesticides, alkaloids, other toxic chemicals and metabolites were measured, by use of an Agilent 6530 instrument, by flow-injection of 1 ng of the pure substances in aqueous ammonium formate–formic acid–methanol, with positive and negative electrospray-ionization (ESI), selection of the protonated or deprotonated molecules [M+H]+ or [M−H]− by the quadrupole, and collision induced dissociation (CID) with nitrogen as collision gas at CID energies of 10, 20, and 40 eV. The fragment mass spectra were controlled for structural plausibility, corrected by recalculation to the theoretical fragment masses and added to a database of accurate mass data and molecular formulas of more than 7,500 toxicologically relevant substances to form the “database and library of toxic compounds”. For practical evaluation, blood and urine samples were spiked with a mixture of 33 drugs at seven concentrations between 0.5 and 500 ng mL−1, prepared by dichloromethane extraction or protein precipitation, and analyzed by LC–QTOF-MS in data-dependent acquisition mode. Unambiguous identification by library search was possible for typical basic drugs down to 0.5–2 ng mL−1 and for benzodiazepines down to 2–20 ng mL−1. The efficiency of the method was also demonstrated by re-analysis of venous blood samples from 50 death cases and comparison with previous results. In conclusion, LC–QTOF-MS in data-dependent acquisition mode combined with an accurate mass database and CID spectra library seemed to be one of the most efficient tools for systematic toxicological analysis.

A 2.8 GS/s 44.6 mW Time-Interleaved ADC Achieving 50.9 dB SNDR and 3 dB Effective Resolution Bandwidth of 1.5 GHz in 65 nm CMOS

Abstract: This paper presents a power- and area-efficient 24-way time-interleaved successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that achieves 2.8 GS/s and 8.1 ENOB in 65 nm CMOS. To minimize the power and the area, the capacitors in the capacitive DAC are sized to meet the thermal noise requirements rather than the matching requirements, leading to the LSB capacitance of 50 aF. An on-chip digital background calibration is used to calibrate the capacitor mismatches in individual ADC channels, as well as the inter-channel offset, gain and timing mismatches. Measurement results at the 2.8 GS/s sampling rate show that the ADC chip prototype consumes 44.6 mW of power from a 1.2 V supply while achieving peak SNDR of 50.9 dB and retaining SNDR higher than 48.2 dB across the entire first Nyquist zone with a 1.8Vpp-diff input signal. The prototype chip occupies an area of 1.03 × 1.66 mm2, including the pads and the testing circuits. The figure of merit (FoM) of this ADC, calculated with the minimum SNDR in the first Nyquist zone, is 76 fJ/conversion-step.