Showing papers by "Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada published in 1972"
TL;DR: The induction specificities and other characteristics of the two systems are compared and another enzyme, which forms benzoylmalic acid, is induced both by auxins and by physiologically inactive aromatic carboxylic acids.
Abstract: Pretreatment of pea (Pisum sativum var. Alaska) sections with any active auxin induces an enzyme which forms aspartate conjugates of exogenously supplied indoleacetic acid, naphthaleneacetic acid, or benzoic acid. Whereas induction of this system is an absolutely auxin-specific process, another enzyme, which forms benzoylmalic acid, is induced both by auxins and by physiologically inactive aromatic carboxylic acids. Induction of both enzymes is abolished by low levels of RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors. The induction specificities and other characteristics of the two systems are compared.
86 citations
TL;DR: Molecular weights of virus protein subunits of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, broad bean mottles virus, and brome mosaic virus were determined by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and found to possess 179, 152, and 150 amino acid residues per protein subunit, respectively.
35 citations
TL;DR: Some mercury compounds, both organic and inorganic, are still being used effectively and safely to treat various infections and disorders.
Abstract: Mercury and cinnabar have been known and used by man for nearly three milleniums. Man has used vermillion or cinnabar as a pigment or cosmetic since prehistoric times. The first written account of the use of mercury was by Aristotle in the 4th century B.C. when he mentioned its use in religious ceremonies. The great Arab physicians used mercury compounds as medicine as early as the 6th century B.C. (ENGEL 1967). Mercury compounds were also used as medicine by Dioscorides Pedanius, a Greek physician,in the 1st century B.C. and by Rhazes (852–932), Mesue (925–1015), and Avicenna (980–1037) for the treatment of various skin diseases. Paracelsus (1493–1541), the founder of modern chemotherapy, introduced the use of mercury for the treatment of syphilis. Some mercury compounds, both organic and inorganic, are still being used effectively and safely to treat various infections and disorders.
34 citations
TL;DR: The amount of DNA per nucleus and the dry mass of isolated nuclei does not vary significantly between the six diploid species investigated and in polyploids the nuclear dry mass is less than expected from the values obtained for the diploids.
Abstract: The amount of DNA per nucleus and the dry mass of isolated nuclei does not vary significantly between the six diploid species investigated. No differences were found either between tetraploid species or between hexaploids. Between the diploids, tetraploids and hexaploids taken as groups there was respectively a 1, 2 and 3 ratio maintained for the amount of DNA. For chromosome volume significant differences were found between the tetraploids but not in 2x or 6x series. Correlations are shown between chromosome volume, nuclear DNA content and nuclear dry mass. In polyploids the nuclear dry mass is less than expected from the values obtained for the diploids.
30 citations
TL;DR: Evidence for the action of plant proteases on PVX was found when protein prepared from virus purified by a fifth method showed two components in SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
28 citations
24 citations
TL;DR: Since excessive dietary intake of lead is undesirable, growth of lead-responsive crops on contaminated soils should be avoided.
Abstract: Lead uptake by 7 food crops was studied in a growth chamber experiment involving 3 rates of PbCl2 applied to soil. Lead concentrations in some plant parts were influenced more dramatically by soil lead treatments than levels in other plant sections. Lettuce and spinach leaves and the tuberous portions of radish and carrot plants accumulated markedly higher lead concentrations than did the edible portions of 3 other plant varieties. Since excessive dietary intake of lead is undesirable, growth of lead-responsive crops on contaminated soils should be avoided.
22 citations
TL;DR: It was shown that the flabby middle region of soggy-centered french fries coincides with the potato tuber's pith region which contains much less starch than the perimedullary and cortex regions.
Abstract: Using processing, microscopic, and biochemical techniques it was shown that the flabby middle region of soggy-centered french fries coincides with the potato tuber's pith region which contains much less starch than the perimedullary and cortex regions. The presence of these contrasting tissues within the same french fry strip, resulting in the soggy center phenomenon, is considered in relation to strip orientation within tubers. Severity of the problem appears to roughly correspond with the amount of pith tissue in the tuber, and both of these factors are largely variety-dependent. The paper underlines the significance of tuber histology in studies concerning the quality of processed potato products and its relevance in breeding programs.
17 citations
TL;DR: On the basis of data from 18 crosses, resistance to potato virus S of the type encountered in Saco potato, segregated as an homozygous recessive, independently of resistance to PVX.
Abstract: On the basis of data from 18 crosses, resistance to potato virus S of the type encountered in Saco potato, segregated as an homozygous recessive. Neither Saco nor seedlings found to be resistant in greenhouse tests became infected when grown in the field and brushed with PVS-infected haulms. Meanwhile, susceptible seedlings from a cross segregating resistant and susceptible became infected in both greenhouse and field as readily as did seedlings from a cross producing only susceptibles. Resistance to PVS segregated independently of resistance to PVX.
17 citations
TL;DR: The physical, chemical, and serological properties of cucumber necrosis virus and an associated top component were investigated and the molecular weight of the virus calculated from the sedimentation and diffusion coefficients was 9.3 × 10 6 .
16 citations
TL;DR: The amplitude and the rate of rise of the action potential were found to be dependent on sodium, and tetrodotoxin had little effect on the spontaneous action potentials, and Mn ions had a blocking effect.
TL;DR: The spider fauna of three hayfields and their margins in Nova Scotia was sampled by means of pitfall traps from May to October, 1960 and comprised 35 genera and 55 species.
Abstract: The spider fauna of three hayfields and their margins in Nova Scotia was sampled by means of pitfall traps from May to October, 1960. Eleven families were represented and comprised 35 genera and 55 species. Specimens of the genus Pardosa were trapped in greatest numbers.
TL;DR: In this article, the protein content of 21 varieties of potatoes grown under similar conditions was measured by Kjeldahl nitrogen determination and by the binding of the dye orange G. The regression equation Y=.105+091X was derived, where Y was the absorbance of bound dye and X was the % total protein (% N x 6.25).
Abstract: The protein content of 21 varieties of potatoes grown under similar conditions was measured by Kjeldahl nitrogen determination and by the binding of the dye orange G. A linear relationship between nitrogen content and bound dye was found. The regression equation Y=.105+.091X was derived, where Y was the absorbance of bound dye and X was the % total protein (% N x 6.25). The correlation coefficient was +0.9827 and the standard error of estimate was 0.07%.
TL;DR: Gladiolic acid acted as an “apparent” inhibitor of cytochrome oxidase of sweet potato mitochondria by inactivating cy tochrome c in situ.
TL;DR: Nicotiana debneyi Domin proved a reliable test plant for potato viruses S, X, and Y, and 3 older varieties, Green Mountain, Irish Cobbler and Netted Gem, as a group, were more susceptible to PVS, when inoculated with infective sap, than the newer varieties, Katahdin, Kennebec andSebago.
Abstract: Nicotiana debneyi Domin. proved a reliable test plant for potato viruses S, X, and Y. Test plants with several leaves 6 cm long, were dusted with carborundum and rubbed with potato leaf sap, or with raw surfaces of cut tubers. The plants were then held at 20°C under approximately 250 ft cd light intensity on a 16–18 h photoperiod. Each of the 3 viruses, or X and Y combined, could be distinguished, but symptoms of S were obscured by those of X or Y. At two elite seed farms, virus S spread into virus-free stocks of the varietyNetted Gem. but little intoKatahdin. In greenhouse tests, 3 older varieties,Green Mountain, Irish Cobbler andNetted Gem, as a group, were more susceptible to PVS, when inoculated with infective sap, than the newer varieties,Katahdin, Kennebec andSebago.
TL;DR: In this paper, high alpha-amylase flour was exposed to microwave energy in a 1.8 KW 2450 MHz oven for periods ranging from 30 to 100 sec. The effect of the exposure on the enzyme activity was studied.
Abstract: High alpha-amylase flour was exposed to microwave energy in a 1.8 KW 2450 MHz oven for periods ranging from 30 to 100 sec. The effect of the exposure on the enzyme activity was studied. The influence of the different exposures on the moisture content of the flour, its bacterial counts as well as its dough-development and the gassing power of the dough was determined.The 60-sec exposure of the flour to microwave energy reduced the enzyme activity to an acceptable level without any deleterious effects on the principal characteristics of the flour related to dough formation. This exposure drastically reduced the number of viable organisms in the flour, but seemed to cause a somewhat high loss in moisture.
TL;DR: In general, residues of heptachlor epoxide (HE) in body tissues were related to the number of treated seed fed and the length of feeding time, and seed dressings are less hazardous to seed-eating birds than heptACHlor seed Dressings and that the use of hePTachlor should be discontinued.
Abstract: Different amounts of heptachlor-treated wheat seed containing 365 ppm heptachlor and 105 ppm trans -chlordane were fed to pheasants for different lengths of time, and residues in muscle, liver, brain and fatty tissues were determined at various times later. In general, residues of heptachlor epoxide (HE) in body tissues were related to the number of treated seed fed and the length of feeding time. Pheasants that were fed only 5 treated seed/day for 15 days had 0.17-0.23 ppm and 1.16-1.60 ppm HE in liver and fat, respectively, 14 days later. Feeding of 10 or 20 seed/day for 15 days resulted in higher levels of residues in all tissues. Consumption of only 5 or 20 treated seed by the pheasants in 1 day resulted in only 0.02 to 0.06 ppm HE in liver even after 14 days. Pheasants that were fed as many treated seed as they would eat (700-1240 seed or 9.9-17.5 mg of toxicant) in 1 day had very high levels (up to 32.5 ppm in fat) of residues 1 day later. Although residue levels of all tissues decreased with time, about 1.0 ppm and up to 0.07 ppm HE was present in fat and muscle, respectively, even after 90 days.
Pheasants that were fed as many 14C-lindane-treated seed as they would eat (525-860 seed or 9-14.8 mg of toxicant) in 1 day had up to 1.12 and 2.48 ppm residue in muscle and liver, respectively, 1 day later. But these levels decreased very rapidly, and no residue could be seed dressings are less hazardous to seed-eating birds than heptachlor seed dressings and that the use of heptachlor should be discontinued.
TL;DR: The principal injurious species to commercially-grown flue-cured tobacco in Nova Scotia was the dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria Harr, and other species reared from field-collected larvae, and bait and light trap catches, included: yellow-headed cutworms, Apamea amputatrix Fitch; armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta Haw.
Abstract: The principal injurious species to commercially-grown flue-cured tobacco in Nova Scotia was the dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria Harr. A trace of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon Hufn., was found in one field. The variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hbn., caused minor damage in September. Other species reared from field-collected larvae, and bait and light trap catches, included: yellow-headed cutworm, Apamea amputatrix Fitch; armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta Haw.; Amphipyra tragopoginis L.; W-marked cutworm, Spaelotis clandestina Harr.; and the glassy cutworm, Crymodes devastator Brace.Cutworm larvae damaged young tobacco plants during June through mid-July. The largest infestation encountered during 1971, near the margin of a field, killed 5% and injured 20% of the young plants. Infestations in other fields injured 1 to 3% of the plants, with higher incidences near the borders. A seasonal total of 0.024 cutworm larva injured 0.24 tobacco plant/m2 and destroyed 5 to 10% of the injured plants in experimental tobacco field plots planted in a 4-year-old rye field.Tobacco trap crop m2 microplots in a rye field attracted 20 to 50 times as many cutworm larvae and had 25 to 40 more plants injured than comparable areas of an adjoining tobacco field. The largest microplot infestation in six fields tested was 1.8 larvae injuring 7.4 plants. The average microplot infestation of 0.5 larva injured 5.6 plants.
TL;DR: Extraction of bovine blood with chloroform and chromatography of the crude extracts gave a good recovery of crufomate at the 0.025 ppM level, this reaction provides a facile confirmatory test at the residue level.
Abstract: Extraction of bovine blood with chloroform and chromatography of the crude extracts gave a good recovery of crufomate at the 0.025 ppM level. The method compares well with the bioassay method. No neutral metabolites were found in the hexane or chloroform extracts of blood. Ultraviolet irradiation of crufomate results in the formation of a compound thought to be the des chloro derivative, this reaction provides a facile confirmatory test at the residue level. (auth)
TL;DR: Larvae of the saw-toothed grain beetle were reared individually on meridic diets from hatching to adult emergence at 32±0·25°C and 75% r.h.h., and dietary threonine was necessary for survival and growth of O. surinamensis.
TL;DR: In this article, two methods of applying dichlorvos were tested on ships, one vaporization of insecticide from impregnated resin pellets using a vapour dispenser, the other dispersion of the insecticide as an aerosol from a pressure cylinder.
TL;DR: Modifications are described to improve the operational flexibility and accuracy of early models of the Kramer Shear press, but it is concluded that because of inadequate speed control early Models of the shear press are not suitable for texture tests.
Abstract: Modifications are described to improve the operational flexibility and accuracy of early models of the Kramer Shear press. The shearing blades of the shear-compression cell are machined so that they conform to the blade shape used in machines currently manufactured. Control and selection of ram speed is improved by replacing the needle valve in the hydraulic circuit with a flow valve. However, it is concluded that simple hydraulic controls do not provide accurate speed control for textural measurements. A motor driven screw press is considered preferable. The method of recording force during testing is improved by using a strain gaged load cell, an amplifier and a strip-chart recorder with a 25 cm wide chart. This provides full-scale chart ranges of 25 to 1500 Kg with one load cell. The force recording system described could also be used to advantage with currently manufactured shear presses. Chart speed is independent of the press ram speed. A simple method of load cell calibration is also demonstrated. It is concluded that because of inadequate speed control early models of the shear press are not suitable for texture tests.
TL;DR: In this paper, pure filter paper was exposed to phosphine gas generated in situ from Phostoxin ® and the resultant residues of nonvolatile phosphorus were measured by neutron activation analysis.
TL;DR: Enterotoxin of Clostridium welchii (perfringens) type A was administered intravenously to sheep while their carotid arterial blood pressure was monitored, which caused a rapid and persistent fall in pressure, which preceded the onset of clinical symptoms.
TL;DR: Splitting and retardation of the a-lipoprotein bands on starch gel electrophoresis was observed in the plasmas of 15-week old birds starved for as little as 15 hours and in birds given reduced feed levels for aslittle as four days, which may provide a sensitive method for evaluating the extent of anorexia caused by disease or experimental conditions.
TL;DR: In this article, residues of Dyfonate ring 14C were extracted from a clay loam soil with various solvents under a variety of conditions, such as water added to the soil and time of contact with water.
Abstract: Residues of Dyfonate-ring-14C were extracted from a clay loam soil with various solvents under a variety of conditions. Recovery of radioactivity from the soil was not related to the polarity (dipole moment) or the dielectric constant of the solvents. Commonly used solvents such as acetone, methanol, ethanol, and hexane/acetone (1:1) extracted only 28, 44, 27, and 25%, respectively, of the residues from the air-dried soil. The extraction efficiencies were increased to 46, 60, 54, and 49%, respectively, when 20% water was added to the soil prior to extraction with these solvents. The amount of water added to the soil and time of contact with water also affected the recovery of radioactivity from the soil. Any of the solvents or methods investigated failed to recover more than 60% of the radioactivity in the soil, indicating that residues of Dyfonate were strongly bound to the soil and were difficult to recover.