Institution
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
Facility•Ottawa, Ontario, Canada•
About: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada is a facility organization based out in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Soil water. The organization has 10921 authors who have published 21332 publications receiving 748193 citations. The organization is also known as: Department of Agriculture and Agri-Food.
Topics: Population, Soil water, Manure, Tillage, Loam
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors have demonstrated that supplementing dairy cow and feedlot cattle diets with fiberdegrading enzymes has significant potential to improve feed utilization and animal performance, mainly due to improvements in ruminal fiber digestion resulting in increased digestible energy intake.
Abstract: Research has demonstrated that supplementing dairy cow and feedlot cattle diets with fiberdegrading enzymes has significant potential to improve feed utilization and animal performance. Ruminant feed enzyme additives, primarily xylanases and cellulases, are concentrated extracts resulting from bacterial or fungal fermentations that have specific enzymatic activities. Improvements in animal performance due to the use of enzyme additives can be attributed mainly to improvements in ruminal fiber digestion resulting in increased digestible energy intake. Animal responses are greatest when fiber digestion is compromised and when energy is the first-limiting nutrient in the diet. When viewed across a variety of enzyme products and experimental conditions, the response to feed enzymes by ruminants has been variable. This variation can be attributed to experimental conditions in which energy is not the limiting nutrient, as well as to the activities and characteristics of the enzymes supplied, underor over-supplementation of enzyme activity, and inappro
404 citations
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Lehigh University1, University of Hawaii at Manoa2, Bowdoin College3, University of Eastern Finland4, University of Exeter5, Eton College6, Stockholm University7, University of Southampton8, Queen Mary University of London9, University of Wisconsin–La Crosse10, University of Gloucestershire11, University of Toulouse12, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań13, University of Toronto14, Université du Québec à Montréal15, Lund University16, University of California, Los Angeles17, United States Geological Survey18, University of Copenhagen19, University of Helsinki20, University of Nottingham21, Laval University22, Geological Survey of Finland23, University of Aberdeen24, McGill University25, Columbia University26, Université de Montréal27, Champlain College28, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada29, University of Guelph30, University of Amsterdam31, Southern Illinois University Carbondale32, Chinese Academy of Sciences33
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results from the most comprehensive compilation of Holocene peat soil properties with associated carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates for northern peatlands, which consists of 268 peat cores from 215 sites located north of 45°N.
Abstract: Here, we present results from the most comprehensive compilation of Holocene peat soil properties with associated carbon and nitrogen accumulation rates for northern peatlands. Our database consists of 268 peat cores from 215 sites located north of 45°N. It encompasses regions within which peat carbon data have only recently become available, such as the West Siberia Lowlands, the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Kamchatka in Far East Russia, and the Tibetan Plateau. For all northern peatlands, carbon content in organic matter was estimated at 42 ± 3% (standard deviation) for Sphagnum peat, 51 ± 2% for non-Sphagnum peat, and at 49 ± 2% overall. Dry bulk density averaged 0.12 ± 0.07 g/cm3, organic matter bulk density averaged 0.11 ± 0.05 g/cm3, and total carbon content in peat averaged 47 ± 6%. In general, large differences were found between Sphagnum and non-Sphagnum peat types in terms of peat properties. Time-weighted peat carbon accumulation rates averaged 23 ± 2 (standard error of mean) g C/m2/yr during the Holocene on the basis of 151 peat cores from 127 sites, with the highest rates of carbon accumulation (25-28 g C/m2/yr) recorded during the early Holocene when the climate was
404 citations
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TL;DR: The Canadian prairie has large reserves of soil organic carbon (SOC) and changes in the size of the organic carbon pool have implications for soil productivity and for atmospheric concentrations of CO 2, an important ''greenhouse gas'' as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The Canadian prairie, which accounts for about 80% of Canada's farmland, has large reserves of soil organic carbon (SOC). Changes in the size of the SOC pool have implications for soil productivity and for atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 , an important `greenhouse gas'. We reviewed recent findings from long-term research sites to determine the impact of cropping practices on SOC reserves in the region. From this overview, we suggest that: (1) the loss of SOC upon conversion of soils to arable agriculture has abated; (2) significant gains in SOC (typically about 3 Mg C ha −1 or less within a decade) can be achieved in some soils by adoption of improved practices, like intensification of cropping systems, reduction in tillage intensity, improved crop nutrition, organic amendments, and reversion to perennial vegetation; (3) changes in SOC occur predominantly in `young' or labile fractions; (4) the change in SOC, either gain or loss, is of finite duration and magnitude; (5) estimates of SOC change from individual studies are subject to limitations and are best viewed as part of a multi-site network; and (6) the energy inputs into agroecosystems need to be included in the calculation of the net C balance. The long-term sites indicate that Canadian prairie soils can be a net sink for CO 2 , though perhaps only in the short term. These sites need to be maintained to measure the effects of continued agronomic evolution and predicted global changes.
404 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the in vitro digestibility and molecular and crystalline structures of rice starches (Long-grain, Arborio, Calrose, and Glutinous) differing in amylose content were investigated and the relationship between the structure and digestibility of starch was studied.
401 citations
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TL;DR: The North American stem rust nomenclature system is proposed to be revised by the addition of four genes (Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN) as the fifth set and differentiates isolates within race TTKS into two separate races: TTKSK and TTKST, with avirulence and virulence on Sr24, respectively.
Abstract: The stem rust resistance gene Sr24 is effective against most races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including race TTKS (syn. Ug99), and is used widely in commercial wheat cultivars worldwide. In 2006, susceptible infection responses were observed on wheat lines and cultivars carrying Sr24 in a field stem rust screening nursery at Njoro, Kenya. We derived 28 single-pustule isolates from stem rust samples collected from the 2006 Njoro nursery. The isolates were evaluated for virulence on 16 North American stem rust differential lines; on wheat lines carrying Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN; and on a wheat cultivar with a combination of Sr24 and Sr31. All isolates were identified as race TTKS with additional virulence on Sr31 and Sr38. These isolates were divided into two groups: group A (seven isolates and the two control isolates), producing a low infection type, and group B (21 isolates), producing a high infection type on Sr24, respectively. Isolates of group B represented a new variant of race TTKS with virulence to Sr24. Eighteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to examine the genetic relationship between these two groups of isolates in race TTKS and five North American races (MCCF, QCCQ, RCRS, RTHS, and TPMK) that are representative of distinct lineage groups. All isolates of race TTKS shared an identical SSR genotype and were clearly different from North American races. The virulence and SSR data indicated that the new variant of race TTKS with Sr24 virulence likely has arisen via mutation within the TTKS genetic lineage. We propose to revise the North American stem rust nomenclature system by the addition of four genes (Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN) as the fifth set. This revision recognizes the virulence on Sr31 and differentiates isolates within race TTKS into two separate races: TTKSK and TTKST, with avirulence and virulence on Sr24, respectively. The occurrence of race TTKST with combined virulence on Sr24 and Sr31 has substantially increased the vulnerability of wheat to stem rust worldwide.
400 citations
Authors
Showing all 10964 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Fereidoon Shahidi | 119 | 951 | 57796 |
Miao Liu | 111 | 993 | 59811 |
Xiang Li | 97 | 1472 | 42301 |
Eviatar Nevo | 95 | 848 | 40066 |
Tim A. McAllister | 85 | 862 | 32409 |
Hubert Kolb | 84 | 420 | 25451 |
Daniel M. Weary | 83 | 437 | 22349 |
Karen A. Beauchemin | 83 | 423 | 22351 |
Nanthi Bolan | 83 | 550 | 31030 |
Oene Oenema | 80 | 361 | 23810 |
Santosh Kumar | 80 | 1196 | 29391 |
Yueming Jiang | 79 | 452 | 20563 |
Denis A. Angers | 76 | 256 | 19321 |
Tong Zhu | 72 | 472 | 18205 |
Christophe Lacroix | 69 | 353 | 15860 |