Aix-Marseille University

About: Aix-Marseille University is a education organization based out in Marseille, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 24326 authors who have published 54240 publications receiving 1455416 citations. The organization is also known as: University Aix-Marseille & université d'Aix-Marseille.

A TURNOVER IN THE GALAXY MAIN SEQUENCE OF STAR FORMATION AT M * ∼ 1010 M ☉ FOR REDSHIFTS z < 1.3

Abstract: The relationship between galaxy star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses (M_*) is reexamined using a mass-selected sample of ~62,000 star-forming galaxies at z ≤ 1.3 in the COSMOS 2 deg^2 field. Using new far-infrared photometry from Herschel-PACS and SPIRE and Spitzer-MIPS 24 μm, along with derived infrared luminosities from the NRK method based on galaxies' locations in the restframe color-color diagram (NUV – r) versus (r – K), we are able to more accurately determine total SFRs for our complete sample. At all redshifts, the relationship between median SFR and M_* follows a power law at low stellar masses, and flattens to nearly constant SFR at high stellar masses. We describe a new parameterization that provides the best fit to the main sequence and characterizes the low mass power-law slope, turnover mass, and overall scaling. The turnover in the main sequence occurs at a characteristic mass of about M_0 ~ 10^(10) M_☉ at all redshifts. The low mass power-law slope ranges from 0.9-1.3 and the overall scaling rises in SFR as a function of (1 + z)^(4.12±0.10). A broken power-law fit below and above the turnover mass gives relationships of SFR ∝ M_*^(0.88±0.06) below the turnover mass and SFR ∝ M_*^(0.27±0.04) above the turnover mass. Galaxies more massive than M_* ≳ 10^(10) M_☉ have a much lower average specific star formation rate (sSFR) than would be expected by simply extrapolating the traditional linear fit to the main sequence found for less massive galaxies.

Modulation of phasic and tonic muscle synergies with reaching direction and speed.

Abstract: How the CNS masters the many degrees of freedom of the musculoskeletal system to control goal-directed movements is a long-standing question. We have recently provided support to the hypothesis that the CNS relies on a modular control architecture by showing that the phasic muscle patterns for fast reaching movements in different directions are generated by combinations of a few time-varying muscle synergies: coordinated recruitment of groups of muscles with specific activation profiles. However, natural reaching movements occur at different speeds and require the control of both movement and posture. Thus we have investigated whether muscle synergies also underlie reaching at different speeds as well as the maintenance of stable arm postures. Hand kinematics and shoulder and elbow muscle surface EMGs were recorded in five subjects during reaches to eight targets in the frontal plane at different speeds. We found that the amplitude modulation of three time-invariant synergies captured the variations in the postural muscle patterns at the end of the movement. During movement, three phasic and three tonic time-varying synergies could reconstruct the time-normalized muscle pattern in all conditions. Phasic synergies were modulated in both amplitude and timing by direction and speed. Tonic synergies were modulated only in amplitude by direction. The directional tuning of both types of synergies was well described by a single or a double cosine function. These results suggest that muscle synergies are basic control modules that allow generating the appropriate muscle patterns through simple modulation and combination rules.

Graphene–Gold Metasurface Architectures for Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Biosensing

Abstract: Graphene-gold metasurface architectures that can provide significant gains in plasmonic detection sensitivity for trace-amount target analytes are reported. Benefiting from extreme phase singularities of reflected light induced by strong plasmon-mediated energy confinements, the metasurface demonstrates a much-improved sensitivity to molecular bindings nearby and achieves an ultralow detection limit of 1 × 10(-18) m for 7.3 kDa 24-mer single-stranded DNA.

ERS task force statement: diagnosis and treatment of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Abstract: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) affects young healthy people with a significant recurrence rate. Recent advances in treatment have been variably implemented in clinical practice. This statement reviews the latest developments and concepts to improve clinical management and stimulate further research.The European Respiratory Society's Scientific Committee established a multidisciplinary team of pulmonologists and surgeons to produce a comprehensive review of available scientific evidence.Smoking remains the main risk factor of PSP. Routine smoking cessation is advised. More prospective data are required to better define the PSP population and incidence of recurrence. In first episodes of PSP, treatment approach is driven by symptoms rather than PSP size. The role of bullae rupture as the cause of air leakage remains unclear, implying that any treatment of PSP recurrence includes pleurodesis. Talc poudrage pleurodesis by thoracoscopy is safe, provided calibrated talc is available. Video-assisted thoracic surgery is preferred to thoracotomy as a surgical approach.In first episodes of PSP, aspiration is required only in symptomatic patients. After a persistent or recurrent PSP, definitive treatment including pleurodesis is undertaken. Future randomised controlled trials comparing different strategies are required.