Showing papers by "Albion College published in 1978"

Breeding Biology of the Savannah Sparrow on Kent Island

Abstract: -I studied the breeding biology of the Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) on Kent Island, New Brunswick, Canada from 1964 through 1968. I estimated the breeding population to be 125-135 pairs (412-445 individuals/kM2). The mean number of nests produced per female, including those destroyed by predators, was 2.97. Clutch size ranged from 2 to 5 The mean clutch size based on 1,142 eggs in 284 nests of known clutch size was 4.02. Not only was the four-egg clutch most numerous but a greater percentage of eggs in the four-egg clutches hatched and the mean number of young fledged per nest was also highest. The mean incubation period was 12.2 days, the mean duration of nestling life was 9 days, and the approximate length of the breeding season as 52 days. The daily mortality rate of eggs was 11.99% and of nestlings 2.1%. Predation was the major factor affecting reproductive success; 50.5% of all nests located were destroyed by predators. The main nest predators were Common Crows and Herring Gulls. Of the nests destroyed by predators, 87.8% contained eggs rather than nestlings. The intense predation necessitated high nest replacement. The mean interval between the termination of one nest and the appearance of the first egg in the succeeding nest was 6.3 days. If successive nests are destroyed on the day incubation begins, it is hypothetically possible for a pair to produce four nests during a single breeding season; many birds in the population produce at least three. Although enough time was available for birds to fledge two broods in a season, few of them fledged more than one. Thus, the nesting success was low (success from egg to hatching 18. 1%). High nest replacement compensated for high egg mortality, and an average of 2.16 young per pair were fledged per season. Received 26 June 1975, accepted 15 March 1977. KENT Island, New Brunswick, Canada (66?46'W, 44?35'N) is the outermost island in the Grand Manan archipelago, on the eastern edge of the Gulf of Maine at the entrance of the Bay of Fundy. The greatest length of this 60.7 ha island is 2.8 km and its width varies from 0.2 to 0.8 km. In the central part of the island there are approximately 10.7 ha of open grassy meadow which constitute the primary nesting area of Savannah Sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis). This paper, based on field data obtained during five breeding seasons (1964 through 1968), describes the clutch size and its variations, incubation, mortality, and breeding success of this population.

Rhipilia sinuosa sp. nov. (Chlorophyta, Siphonales) from Micronesia

Abstract: Rhipilia sinuosa sp. nov., from Micronesia, is described. The stipitate blades are soft, fan shaped to peltate to funnel-form, faintly to strongly zonate, with (usually) entire margins, 1–5 cm wide and 0·5–3·0 cm high. The sinuose blade filaments and the relatively narrow diameter (16–25 μm) of the blade filaments are distinguishing characteristics.

Psychotherapy in the Third Reich: a research note.

Abstract: This study seeks to examine and illuminate some aspects of the history of psychotherapy in Germany during the twentieth century. The specific focus encompasses the profession's development between the two world wars and within that time frame centers on the National Socialist era. Psychotherapy existed for a long time on the margins of the academic medical establishment, accused by the holders of the powerful nosological tradition in German psychiatry of romantic and unscientific “dilettantism,” on the one hand, and of a materialistic “dismemberment of the soul,” on the other. The internal chaos of the Nazi state and the precedence taken by mobilization over reform allowed the growth of psychotherapy from the status of a method to that of a profession.