Showing papers by "Albion College published in 2004"
TL;DR: This tutorial review focuses in this tutorial review only on recent developments using iodine electrophiles for the functionalisation of alkenes although transition-mediated reactions and functionalisations with chalcogen electrophile also play an important role.
Abstract: The regio- and stereocontrolled functionalisation of carbon–carbon double bonds bears enormous potential in organic synthesis. This area has been extensively studied and reviewed as alkenes are amongst the most important starting materials for synthetic chemists, accessible in many varieties and in large quantities. We focus in this tutorial review only on recent developments using iodine electrophiles for the functionalisation of alkenes although transition-mediated reactions and functionalisations with chalcogen electrophiles also play an important role. New synthetic applications using this methodology showing scope and limitations of iodine-mediated processes also within the context of other electrophilic reactions are highlighted.
224 citations
TL;DR: The tribe Miconieae is not resolved as monophyletic, but rather composed of two distinct clades: one composed of the cauliflorous genera Henriettea, Henriettella, Loreya and Bellucia, and a second clade with all other taxa in MiconIEae, sister to a polytomy that includes representatives from tribes Merianieae and Blakeeae.
Abstract: Miconieae is the most diverse tribe of Melastomataceae, with 30 genera and over 2200 species. The tribe is characterized by fleshy fruits and partially to totally inferior ovaries. To test monophyly of the tribe and assess phylogenetic relationships within it, sequence data from nrITS were gathered and analyzed for 110 taxa in Miconieae and 32 putative outgroups. The tribe Miconieae is not resolved as monophyletic, but rather composed of two distinct clades: one composed of the cauliflorous genera Henriettea, Henriettella, Loreya and Bellucia, and a second clade with all other taxa in Miconieae, sister to a polytomy that includes representatives from tribes Merianieae and Blakeeae. Terminal inflorescences are optimized as basal within Miconieae, with lateral inflorescences evolving in at least four different instances. Cauliflory does not appear to be derived from truly axillary inflorescences; instead it seems to have evolved independently. The terminal-flowered genera Tococa, Conostegia, Tetrazygia, Anaectocalyx, Charianthus, Calycogonium, and Leandra pro parte seem to be derived from within the large genus Miconia, as is Clidemia, a genus with both axillary inflorescences and terminal inflorescences that are deflexed to a lateral position by an axillary branch. Maieta and Necranium, both with axillary inflorescences, are resolved as derived from within Clidemia.
150 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the Richins and Dawson (1992) measure of materialism, the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE), the Social (SAI) and Personal (PAI) Identity Subscales of the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire, and the Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect Scales.
Abstract: Previous research has established an inverse relationship between materialism and psychological well-being (e.g., Belk, 1984). To test the hypothesis that the link between materialism and affect is due in part to an individual's level of self-presentational concern, American college students ( N = 297) completed the Richins and Dawson (1992) measure of materialism, the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (FNE), the Social (SAI) and Personal (PAI) Identity Subscales of the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire, and the Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect Scales. Results indicated that the significant relationship between materialism and negative affect disappeared when FNE or SAI were statistically controlled, and that the significant relationship between materialism and positive affect disappeared when FNE was statistically controlled. Results are discussed in relation to other research that has explored reasons why materialism is related to lower level of psychological well-being.
107 citations
TL;DR: Based on analysis of video records of three mating events involving nine free-living whitetip reef sharks in Cocos Islands, Costa Rica, the siphon sacs appear to be used to propel sperm into the female's reproductive tract, not for flushing the females' reproductive tract of sperm from previous males.
74 citations
01 Jan 2004
TL;DR: This article explored the relationship between materialism and money attitudes and found that materialism was positively related to feelings of inadequacy about money and the tendency to use money as a means of self-aggrandi veement.
Abstract: To explore the relationship between materialism and money attitudes, 204 American college students completed Richins and Dawson's (1992) Materialism Scale and Fumham's (1984) Money Beliefs and Behaviors Scale (MBBS). Correlational analyses revealed that materialism was positively related to feelings of inadequacy about money and the tendency to use money as a means of self-aggrandi zement. Materialism was negatively related to the conservative approach to money, and was unrelated to negative emotions toward money. We discuss how the link between money and possessions may be mediated by materialism and raise questions about a possible relationship between materialism and compulsive shopping. Further research is suggested to illuminate the interplay between materialism, the acquisition of money, and dysfunctional money behaviors.
67 citations
TL;DR: Since reunification, Berlin planners have sought to find a niche for a post-industrial New Berlin integrated into Europe as discussed by the authors, while great scholarly attention has focused on the grand projects that have been proposed.
Abstract: Since reunification, Berlin planners have sought to find a niche for a post-industrial New Berlin integrated into Europe. While great scholarly attention has focused on the grand projects that have...
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors test the hypothesis that the established relationship between materialism and psychological well-being would be eliminated or significantly attenuated when controlling for social support, and they found that the hypothesis was not supported by empirical evidence.
55 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that heat and/or static stretching does not consistently reduce soreness, swelling or muscle damage following intense eccentric or unaccustomed exercise, and clinicians should be aware that prescribing heat and or static stretching following intense Eccentric Exercise will not enhance the recovery of damaged muscles.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to monitor the effects of topical heat and/or static stretch treatments on the recovery of muscle damage by eccentric exercise. For this purpose, 32 untrained male subjects performed intense eccentric knee extension exercise, followed by 2 weeks of treatment (heat, stretch, heat plus stretch) or no treatment (control, n=8/group). Isometric strength testing, pain ratings, and multi-echo magnetic resonance imaging of the thigh were performed before and at 2, 3, 4, 8, and 15 days following the exercise. Increased T2 relaxation time, muscle swelling, pain ratings, and strength loss confirmed significant muscle damage during the post-exercise period. Pain ratings and muscle volume recovered to baseline by 15 days, although muscle strength remained lower [77 (4) vs. 95 (3) kg pre-exercise, mean (SE)] and T2 values higher [32.2 (0.8) vs. 28.6 (0.2) ms pre-exercise]. Our results indicate that heat and/or static stretching does not consistently reduce soreness, swelling or muscle damage. The practical implication of our findings is that clinicians should be aware that prescribing heat and/or static stretching following intense eccentric or unaccustomed exercise will not enhance the recovery of damaged muscles.
42 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that materialists tend to avoid supplication and ingratiation, but would self-promote and intimidate, and that personal insecurity may be a precursor to materialism.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined how a target person's affluence cues and the perceiver's endorsement of the Protestant work ethic (PWE) influence interpersonal perceptions about others.
26 citations
TL;DR: The skills matrix can be used to evaluate and assess the types of laboratory skills as well as the level at which they are taught in biochemistry and molecular biology curricula and foster better communication between faculty in chemistry, biology, math, and physics as they share curricular information.
TL;DR: Hemispheric specialization in a lateralized Stroop facial identification task was examined, and greater Stroop interference in identification accuracy was found with incongruent displays of facial expression in the LVF and emotion words in the RVF.
TL;DR: This article analyzed the first 10 editions of Baron and Byrne's social psychology textbook and found that changes in objective features, content, and contributors and contributions to social psychology partially mirrored changes in introductory texts.
Abstract: We analyzed the first 10 editions of Baron and Byrne's social psychology textbook. Modeling our methodology on Griggs and Jackson's (1996) longitudinal analysis of Hilgard's (1953) introductory psychology text, we ascertained changes in objective features, content, and contributors and contributions to social psychology. Changes in objective features partially mirrored changes in introductory texts. Topical coverage of areas related to social cognition increased. A small core of classic publications emerged. We discuss findings in relation to other analyses of textbooks, journal content, and researcher eminence.
TL;DR: Investigating the functional significance of intersexuality in the amphipod Corophium volutator found little evidence that intersexes function as females, but some females housed experimentally withintersexes became ovigerous, indicating that intersexuales can function as males.
Abstract: We investigated the functional significance of intersexuality in the amphipod Corophium volutator, a key species in soft-bottom intertidal communities. Intersexes in this species possess morphological and anatomical characters of both males and females. Two broad types of intersexes were identified: those with nonsetose oostegites and two penial papillae (Type I), and those with setose oostegites and one or two penial papillae (Type II). We found little evidence that intersexes function as females, but some females housed experimentally with intersexes became ovigerous, indicating that intersexes can function as males. Females that mated with Type II intersexes produced smaller broods than those that mated with Type I intersexes or males, suggesting that this form of intersexuality may be costly to amphipods (most Type II intersexes possessed only a single testis). Male function of intersexes may be important in populations of C. volutator because males are frequently the limiting sex due to extr...
TL;DR: These results, together with previous work, indicate that duplicate copies of both xylF and xylH are present in the T. ethanolicus chromosome, suggesting ancient gene duplication or lateral gene transfer events.
Abstract: A xylose ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport operon, xylFGH, was cloned from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, a thermophilic ethanol-producing eubacterium. The cistrons code for a periplasmic D-xylose-binding protein (XylF, partial sequence of 250 amino acids), ATP-binding protein (XylG, 505 amino acids), and integral membrane protein (XylH, 388 amino acids). These results, together with previous work, indicate that duplicate copies of both xylF and xylH are present in the T. ethanolicus chromosome, suggesting ancient gene duplication or lateral gene transfer events. XylG resembles other eubacterial monosaccharide ABC-ATPases in that its two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) are highly homologous, yet significantly different with respect to putative catalytic residues. Unlike most other integral membrane ABC transport proteins, XylH apparently contains 11 or 12 transmembrane segments (TMS) and is similar to a small group of ABC permeases that defy the “2 × 6” helix paradigm. This is the first report of a monosaccharide ABC transport operon in a thermophilic anaerobic eubacterium.
TL;DR: Smith et al. as mentioned in this paper presented seven new isotopic ages from the Green River Formation in the greater Green River Basin in the US, and these data provide welcome new information in the ongoing effort to develop a coherent and reliable geochron ological framework for this problem.
Abstract: [Smith et al. (2003][1], hereafter referred to as Smith et al.) present seven new isotopic ages from the Green River Formation in the greater Green River Basin. These data provide welcome new information in the ongoing effort to develop a coherent and reliable geochron ological framework for this
TL;DR: Field and simulation studies provide strong evidence for female movement as a previously overlooked potential mechanism for resistance to mating disruption treatments, as well as a shaping behavior in the evolution of pheromone communication systems.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Parasitism of sandworms was determined to be costly as sandworms exposed to parasites in the laboratory had higher mortality and foraged less on a main prey item, the amphipod Corophium volutator, than unexposed controls.
Abstract: Impacts of the trematode parasite Zoogonus rubellus on individuals of its host, the infaunal sandworm Nereis virens, were explored to assess influences that parasites might have on the structure of soft-bottom infaunal communities. Parasites were common in sandworms collected from a mudflat in Maine, with prevalence reaching 100% for large, commercial-sized sandworms and intensities of infection often exceeding 100 metacercariae per host. Parasitism was determined to be costly as sandworms exposed to parasites in the laboratory had higher mortality and foraged less on a main prey item, the amphipod Corophium volutator, than unexposed controls. As Nereis and Corophium are key intermediate-level members in infaunal communities, it is argued that parasitism of sandworms might directly and indirectly influence the structure of soft-bottom communities.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used radiative transfer calculations to fit observations with 5'' resolution of the J = 2-1 transition of CS in the directions of H II regions A, B, and G of W49A North as well as observations with 20''.
Abstract: We attempt to fit observations with 5'' resolution of the J = 2-1 transition of CS in the directions of H II regions A, B, and G of W49A North as well as observations with 20'' resolution of the J = 2-1, 3-2, 5-4, and 7-6 transitions in the directions of H II regions A and G by using radiative transfer calculations. These calculations predict the intensity profiles resulting from several spherical clouds along the line of sight. We consider three models: global collapse of a very large (5 pc radius) cloud, localized collapse from smaller (1 pc) clouds around individual H II regions, and multiple, static clouds. For all three models we can find combinations of parameters that reproduce the CS profiles reasonably well provided that the component clouds have a core-envelope structure with a temperature gradient. Cores with high temperature and high molecular hydrogen density are needed to match the higher transitions (e.g., J = 7-6) observed toward A and G. The lower temperature, low-density gas needed to create the inverse P Cygni profile seen in the CS J = 2-1 line (with 5'' beam) toward H II region G arises from different components in the three models. The infalling envelope of cloud G plus cloud B creates the absorption in global collapse, cloud B is responsible in local collapse, and a separate cloud, G', is needed in the case of many static clouds. The exact nature of the velocity field in the envelopes for the case of local collapse is not important as long as it is in the range of 1-5 km s-1 for a turbulent velocity of about 6 km s-1. High-resolution observations of the J = 1-0 and 5-4 transitions of CS and C34S may distinguish between these three models. Modeling existing observations of HCO+ and C18O does not allow one to distinguish between the three models but does indicate the existence of a bipolar outflow.
TL;DR: This paper examined the rationality of seatbelt usage using an original data set of 465 adult respondents and found that people with high stated values of statistical life, who do not smoke, and who have risk beliefs that are highly elastic with respect to actual risks are more likely to use seatbelts, as economic theory predicts.
Abstract: This article examines the rationality of seatbelt usage using an original data set of 465 adult respondents. People with high stated values of statistical life, who do not smoke, and who have risk beliefs that are highly elastic with respect to actual risks are more likely to use seatbelts, as economic theory predicts. Respondents' stated values of statistical life were similar on average to the value of life range of $2.2 million to $7.9 million computed from their revealed preferences for seatbelt usage, providing empirical support for the mutual consistency of these two approaches.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: With only a few inexpensive components and the ability to solder, an investigator can create inexpensive sensors that work with commonly used commercial equipment.
Abstract: Infrared sensors, commonly used to detect the position of an animal subject in a maze or runway, are reliable and unobtrusive, but expensive if purchased commercially. I describe a functional equivalent to commercial sensors, available at a fraction of the cost. With only a few inexpensive components and the ability to solder, an investigator can create inexpensive sensors that work with commonly used commercial equipment.
TL;DR: The mature flowers of this species have broadly elliptic to suborbicular petals with rounded, asymmetrically notched apices, clearly indicating a placement inMiconia, notOssaea orLeandra (which have acute to acuminate petals); the species is here transferred to Miconia (sect.Cremanium).
Abstract: Rediscovery of Ossaea alloeotricha, an endemic of the high-elevation Massif de la Hotte, Haiti, and its transfer to Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae). Brittonia 56: 159–165. 2004.—Ossaea alloeotricha, described by Urban on the basis of material with very immature flowers, has been re-collected (in flower and fruit) in the cloud forests and moist forests dominated by Pinus occidentalis in the vicinity of Pic le Ciel, 2150 m, on Morne Formon of the Massif de la Hotte (western group), Haiti. The mature flowers of this species have broadly elliptic to suborbicular petals with rounded, asymmetrically notched apices, clearly indicating a placement in Miconia, not Ossaea or Leandra (which have acute to acuminate petals); the species is here transferred to Miconia (sect. Cremanium). Miconia alloeotricha is provided with an expanded description and compared with M. desportesii, M. monciona, M. sphagnicola, and M. tetrandra, the other species of Miconia sect. Cremanium occurring in Hispaniola (Dominican...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used radiative transfer calculations to fit observations with 5" resolution of the J=2-1 transition of CS in the directions of H II regions A, B, and G of W49A North as well as observations with 20" resolution for the J = 2-1, 3-2, 5-4, and 7-6 transitions.
Abstract: We attempt to fit observations with 5" resolution of the J=2-1 transition of CS in the directions of H II regions A, B, and G of W49A North as well as observations with 20" resolution of the J=2-1, 3-2, 5-4, and 7-6 transitions in the directions of H II regions A and G by using radiative transfer calculations. These calculations predict the intensity profiles resulting from several spherical clouds along the line of sight. We consider three models: global collapse of a very large (5 pc radius) cloud, localized collapse from smaller (1 pc) clouds around individual H II regions, and multiple, static clouds. For all three models we can find combinations of parameters that reproduce the CS profiles reasonably well provided that the component clouds have a core-envelope structure with a temperature gradient. Cores with high temperature and high molecular hydrogen density are needed to match the higher transitions (e.g. J=7-6) observed towards A and G. The lower temperature, low density gas needed to create the inverse P-Cygni profile seen in the CS J=2-1 line (with 5" beam) towards H II region G arises from different components in the 3 models. The infalling envelope of cloud G plus cloud B creates the absorption in global collapse, cloud B is responsible in local collapse, and a separate cloud, G', is needed in the case of many static clouds. The exact nature of the velocity field in the envelopes for the case of local collapse is not important as long as it is in the range of 1 to 5 km/s for a turbulent velocity of about 6 km/s. High resolution observations of the J=1-0 and 5-4 transitions of CS and C34S may distinguish between these three models. Modeling existing observations of HCO+ and C18O does not allow one to distinguish between the three models but does indicate the existence of a bipolar outflow.