Albion College

About: Albion College is a education organization based out in Albion, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Higher education. The organization has 485 authors who have published 754 publications receiving 20907 citations.

A review of elasmobranch reproductive behavior with a case study on the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum

Abstract: Elasmobranch reproductive behavior has been inferred from freshly caught specimens, laboratory examinations of reproductive structures and function, or determined from direct observations of captive or free swimming wild animals. Several general behaviors have been described including seasonal sexual segregation, courtship and copulation. Courtship behavior was inferred for many species from the presence of scars and tooth cuts on the female's body, and noted in more detail from underwater observations. Copulation has been directly observed in captive settings for several species of elasmobranchs in large aquaria, and in the wild for three species of urolophids and for Triaenodon obesus and Ginglymostoma cirratum. A detailed ‘case history’ of nurse shark reproductive behavior is presented that may be used as a template for future work on shark reproductive behavior of other species. Our studies, using diver identifiable tags and in situ behavioral observations, provide unprecedented information on social structure and mating behavior in this species. Since 1993, 115 G. cirratum, 45 adults and 70 juveniles have been tagged in the Dry Tortugas, Florida. Observations show that adult males visit the study site every year with three males dominant. Individual adult females visit the study area to mate in alternate years. Polygyny and polyandry are common. Future research on reproductive behavior of elasmobranchs should address questions on male access to females, sexual selection and dominance hierarchies.

Mirrors and Windows: Sociocultural Studies of Human-Animal Relationships

Abstract: ▪ Abstract Humans' relationships with animals, increasingly the subject of controversy, have long been of interest to those whose primary aim has been the better understanding of humans' relationships with other humans. Since this topic was last reviewed here, human-animal relationships have undergone considerable reexamination, reflecting key trends in the history of social analysis, including concerns with connections between anthropology and colonialism and with the construction of race, class, and gender identities. There have been many attempts to integrate structuralist or symbolic approaches with those focused on environmental, political, and economic dimensions. Human-animal relationships are now much more likely to be considered in dynamic terms, and consequently, there has been much interdisciplinary exchange between anthropologists and historians. Some research directly engages moral and political concerns about animals, but it is likely that sociocultural research on human-animal relationships...

Twin Nucleation by Slip Transfer across Grain Boundaries in Commercial Purity Titanium

Abstract: The role of strain transfer in the activation of deformation twinning at grain boundaries has been characterized in commercially pure titanium deformed in bending. Two different orientations of a textured polycrystal were deformed in bending and were analyzed using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) to determine the active slip and twinning systems in the surface tensile region. Prismatic slip and $$ \left\{ {10\bar{1}2} \right\}\left\langle {\bar{1}011} \right\rangle $$ twinning were the most widely observed deformation modes in both orientations. Nonprismatic slip systems were also activated, most likely to accommodate local strain heterogeneities. A slip-stimulated twin nucleation mechanism was identified for soft/hard grain pairs: dislocation slip in a soft-oriented grain can stimulate twin nucleation in the neighboring hard grain when the slip system is well aligned with the twinning system. This alignment was described by a slip-transfer parameter m′.[24] Twins activated by this mechanism always had the highest m′ value among the six available $$ \left\{ {10\bar{1}2} \right\}\left\langle {\bar{1}011} \right\rangle $$ twinning systems, while the Schmid factor, based on the global (uniaxial tensile) stress state, was a less significant indicator of twin activity. Through slip transfer, deformation twins sometimes formed despite having a very low global Schmid factor. The frequency of slip-stimulated twin nucleation depends strongly on the texture and loading direction in the material. For grain pairs having one grain with a large Schmid factor for twinning, nonparametric statistical analysis confirms that those with a larger m′ are more likely to display slip-stimulated twinning.

Generation of optical coherent-state superpositions by number-resolved photon subtraction from the squeezed vacuum

Abstract: We have created heralded coherent-state superpositions (CSSs) by subtracting up to three photons from a pulse of squeezed vacuum light. To produce such CSSs at a sufficient rate, we used our high-efficiency photon-number-resolving transition edge sensor to detect the subtracted photons. This experiment is enabled by and utilizes the full photon-number-resolving capabilities of this detector. The CSS produced by three-photon subtraction had a mean-photon number of $2.{75}_{\ensuremath{-}0.24}^{+0.06}$ and a fidelity of $0.{59}_{\ensuremath{-}0.14}^{+0.04}$ with an ideal CSS. This confirms that subtracting more photons results in higher-amplitude CSSs.

Iodine electrophiles in stereoselective reactions: recent developments and synthetic applications

Abstract: The regio- and stereocontrolled functionalisation of carbon–carbon double bonds bears enormous potential in organic synthesis. This area has been extensively studied and reviewed as alkenes are amongst the most important starting materials for synthetic chemists, accessible in many varieties and in large quantities. We focus in this tutorial review only on recent developments using iodine electrophiles for the functionalisation of alkenes although transition-mediated reactions and functionalisations with chalcogen electrophiles also play an important role. New synthetic applications using this methodology showing scope and limitations of iodine-mediated processes also within the context of other electrophilic reactions are highlighted.