Albion College

About: Albion College is a education organization based out in Albion, Michigan, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Higher education. The organization has 485 authors who have published 754 publications receiving 20907 citations.

Pay, Productivity and Aging in Major League Baseball

Abstract: Using panels of player pay and performance from Major League Baseball (MLB), we examine trends in player productivity and salaries as players age. Pooling players of all ability levels leads to a systematic bias in regression coefficients. After addressing this problem by dividing players into talent quintiles, we find that the best players peak about two years later than marginal players, and development and depreciation of ability appear to be more pronounced for players with the highest peak ability levels. Within-career variation, however, is less pronounced than between-player variation, and the talent level of players within a given quintile will typically remain lower than the talent level for rookies in the next higher quintile. Free agents are paid proportionately with their production at all ability levels, whereas young players' salaries are suppressed by similar amounts.

Ratios of strain-optical constants of alkali halides by an ultrasonic technique

Abstract: The ratios of the strain-optical constants were measured for several alkali halides using the author’s zeroth-order pulsed-ultrasound technique. The crystal samples were oriented so that three different experimental conditions were possible. This results in three linear equations in the two unknown ratios p12/p11 and p44/p11. The overdetermination of the ratios permits the calculation of weighted averages as the values of the ratios and also makes it possible to determine the signs of the ratios. The values obtained were: NaF, p12/p11 = 3.04. p44/p11 = −0.42; NaCl, p12/p11 = 1.36, p44/p11 = −0.083; NaBr, p12/p11 = 1.24, p44/p11 = −0.030; KF, p12/p11 = 0.79, p44/p11 = −0.11; KCL, p12/p11 = 0.76, p44/p11 = −0.099; KBr, p12/p11 = 0.79, p44/p11 = −0.086; KI, p12/p11 = 0.83, p44/p11 =−0.039.

On one-factorizations of compositions of graphs

Abstract: Let G[H] denote the composition of the graphs G and H. If G can be decomposed into one-factors and two-factors, H can be decomposed into one-factors, and H is not the empty graph on an odd number of vertices, then G[H] can be decomposed into one-factors.

Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf (AND-1B) core

Abstract: Summary During the 2006-2007 austral summer, the ANDRILL McMurdo Ice Shelf Project recovered a core 1285 m long (AND-1B) from Windless Bight in McMurdo Sound. This core contains a range of lithologies, including both siliciclastic and volcanic diamictites, sandstones and mudstones; diatomites; and volcanic ash/tuff and one phonolitic lava flow. This sequence has been subdivided into eight lithostratigraphic units and 25 subunits, based on lithological abundances. Eleven lithofacies have been identified, ranging from open marine diatomites and mudstones to turbidites to ice-proximal massive and stratified diamictites. More than 50 glacimarine sequences have been recognized, bounded by glacial surfaces of erosion. Three distinct stacking patterns are present, showing evidence of glacial advance/retreat/advance with varying degrees of preservation. Carbonate and pyrite are the dominant secondary phases in the core. The pyrite overprint is especially notable in volcanic sediments below ~400 mbsf, where it often obscures stratification and sediment texture.

CAPTCHA: Machine or Human Solvers? A Game-Theoretical Analysis

Abstract: CAPTCHAs have become an ubiquitous defense used to protect open web resources from being exploited at scale. Traditionally, attackers have developed automatic programs known as CAPTCHA solvers to bypass the mechanism. With the presence of cheap labor in developing countries, hackers now have options to use human solvers. In this research, we develop a game theoretical framework to model the interactions between the defender and the attacker regarding the design and countermeasure of CAPTCHA system. With the result of equilibrium analysis, both parties can determine the optimal allocation of software-based or human-based CAPTCHA solvers. Counterintuitively, instead of the traditional wisdom of making CAPTCHA harder and harder, it may be of best interest of the defender to make CAPTCHA easier. We further suggest a welfare-improving CAPTCHA business model by involving decentralized cryptocurrency computation.