Showing papers by "Alcatel-Lucent published in 1967"

Sinewave synthesizer for telegraph systems

Abstract: 1,180,418. Frequency dividers; telegraphy. C.I.T. COMPAGNIE INDUSTRIELLE DES TELECOMMUNICATIONS. 5 June, 1967 [3 June, 1966], No. 25817/67. Headings H3F and H4P. [Also in Division G4] In a frequency-shift telegraphy system errors due to flutter are proportional to the frequencies used and are reduced by modulating high frequencies which are divided down to provide low transmission frequencies. In Fig. 1 a data source 1 is coupled through a filter 2 to cause a multivibrator 3 to operate at one of two output frequencies. The multivibrator feeds a reversible counter 6 which counts from 0 to 15 and is coupled to a decoder 7 which provides corresponding outputs at terminals 0-15 feeding a digital-to-analogue converter 8 which supplies an output voltage proportional to where i is the number of the input terminal actuated. The terminals 0 and 15 are connected to a bi-stable 5 connected to the control terminals of the counter 6 so that the counter counts from 0 to 15 and then reverses and so on, the output of converter 8 then being a stepped sine wave which is smoothed either in the output amplifier 9 or in a subsequent filter (not shown). In a modified arrangement, Fig. 3 (not shown), the counter counts from 0 to 7, and a further bi-stable reverses the sign of the output of the digital-to-analogue converter after each complete up-and-down counting cycle. In this circuit the input is also different, the data input being used to allow the output of one or other of two separate oscillators to pass to the counter.

Magnetic Symmetry and Spin Waves

Abstract: In general, the symmetry of the spin‐wave spectra is determined by the magnetic space group characteristic of the spin order in the crystal. For many magnetic materials, however, interactions such as dipole‐dipole, antisymmetric exchange, and higher‐order anisotropic exchange are quite small, so that most of their properties are essentially determined by isotropic Heisenberg exchange plus a few crystal field parameters. It was pointed out previously that this fact is reflected in the spin‐wave spectra in terms of additional symmetry not predicted by the magnetic‐space‐group theory and that this symmetry is describable in terms of spin‐space groups which include independent spin and space rotations. In this paper the theory of magnetic space groups and spin‐space groups and the characterization of the spin‐wave spectra in terms of their representations is briefly reviewed. The effect on the spin‐wave spectra of the various types of interactions that have been proposed for the rare‐earth metals is then analyzed in detail and compared with the recent experimental data for Tb. The calculation of selection rules for neutron scattering is also discussed and applied to Tb.

Means for improving the signal/noise ratio of signals picked up by aerials comprising several elements

Abstract: Various systems for improving the useful signal to noise ratio of signals received on different aerials and for use when the noise comes from an external source so that the noises received by the different aerials are at least partially intercorrelated are disclosed with compensating delay newworks for making the different useful signals identical with each other, in conjunction with an assembly, which takes on any one of numerous forms, for causing those identical signals plus their respective noise signals to undergo phase and/or amplitude modifications so that the intercorrelated noises come closer to the conditions of equality of amplitude and phase opposition than the useful signals themselves. The so modified signals are then added so as to eliminate the equal amplitude phase opposed noise signals.

Image classifying by elemental grouping,reading and comparing

Abstract: IMAGES ARE CLASSIFIED BY DIVIDING AN IMAGE INTO ELEMENTS. EACH ELEMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH A PHOTOCELL, AND PHOTOCELLS ARE GROUPED IN EVEN NUMBERS COMPARISON HALF OF THE PHOTOCELLS PRODUCING A POSITIVE OUTPUT, AND HALF PRODUCING A NEGATIVE OUTPUT FOR THE SME ILLUMINATION CHARACTERISTIC. OUTPUTS OF CELLS IN THE GROUP ARE COMBINED AND COMPARED WITH OUTPUTS OF THE SAME GROUPS FOR DIFFERENT IMAGES IN KNOWN CLASSES. HIGHEST COMPARISON ABOVE A PREDETERMINED LEVEL DETERMINES CLASSIFICATION.

Controlled uniform illumination and sensing of objects having differential light reflectivity

Abstract: 1,203,260. Optical anlysis device. SOC. ALSACIENNE DE CONSTRUCTIONS ATOMIQUES DE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ET D'ELECTRONIQUE "ALCATEL". Nov.23, 1967 [Nov.25, 1966], No.53340/67. Heading G2J. In an image examination device, a bundle of single or stranded glass fibres transmits light from a source to a document or image being studied, there being, immediately above the document, a rigid block composed of single or stranded glass fibres bonded parallel to one another and pependicular to an optically polished lower face thereof, which block may be separate from or part of the bundle and correspondlingly is separate from or part of a second similar bundle, the upper ends of the fibres of which are connected to photo-sensitive cells. In one embodiment, Fig. 1, bundles of transmitting glass fibre conductors 2, from a source 3 are placed near, and at 45 degrees to the top face of a rigid block 6 of short glass fibres which transmit light to a document 1 and retransmit light which is focussed by an objective 7 on the bottom of a block 5 of receiving glass fibres, the other ends of which are connected to photo-cells (not shown). The objective may be focused be using a sighting system Fig. 2 (not shown) comprising a retractable mirror (8) an eye-piece (9) and a graticule sight (10). In another embodiment Fig, 3 (not shown) a document is mounted on a carrier stage (13) and light from a source is transmitted to the document through flexible light conductors (17) and a honeycomb block (15) in contact with the document. Light travels back through the honeycomb block and is focused by an objective (18) on the optically polished square bottom of a block (19) of 225 receiving light conductors, the other ends of these conductors being connected to photo-cells. An image adjustment device, similar to that of the first embodiment, is included.

Selecting finger for crossbar switch

Abstract: This invention relates to improvements in switching mechanisms and particularly in switches of the cross-bar type for use in establishing electrical connections. It is the object of this invention to improve and simplify switches of this kind, to cheapen their assembly and adjustment and to...

Combined parametric amplifier and mixer arrangement

Abstract: An arrangement comprising a parametric amplifier, a mixer, an oscillator coupled to the mixer, a frequency doubler coupled to the oscillator to provide a pump frequency for the amplifier, and a source of input signals coupled to the amplifier wherein the idler frequency and amplified input signals are combined with the oscillator signals in the mixer to produce two sideband signals of the same frequency that are combined resulting in a single sideband signal output of the mixer having increased amplitude.