Showing papers by "Alcatel-Lucent published in 1972"

A proper model for the partitioning of electrical circuits

Abstract: Partitioning algorithms for electrical circuits are often based on the heuristic manipulation of a simple element-to-element interconnection matrix. However, the element-to-element interconnection matrix does not properly represent an electrical interconnection, or “net”, among more than two elements. This paper expands on several aspects of the discrepancy: 1) its source, 2) the circumstances under which it is likely to be significant, and its magnitude for typical circuits, and 3) the comparative difficulty and expense of using a more appropriate representation.A physically correct “net-cut” model is presented. This model is computationally straightforward and is easily adapted to the typical heuristic solution strategies. The “net-cut” model is coupled with the Kernighan-Lin partitioning algorithm [3]; using the same algorithm, comparisons with the “edge-cut” model demonstrate that the correct model reduces net-cuts by 19 to 50% for four digital logic circuits.

Time sharing of a supervisory receiver unit

Abstract: Supervisory receiver units are connected as time shared detectors to continually monitor all incoming lines and trunks of an automatic telephone system to determine the presence of supervisory tone signals, such as seize, release, recall, and acknowledge. Each supervisory receiver unit is dedicated to an associated group of eight terminals, with each terminal being monitored for a corresponding part of a scanning cycle. As the scan of each terminal is completed, the detection results are relayed to a processor. Such action continues until the entire group is scanned.

Supersonic centrifugal compressor

Abstract: The fixed portion of the rotor casing defines with the disc extension or a rotary disc carrying radially extending blades an annular deceleration space leading into a diffuser whose fixed vanes define passages inclined to the radial direction.

Transponder for meter reading telemetering system

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for the sensing of the reading of utility meters, such as gas, electric and water, at a unit connected to a telephone station, and the transmission of sensed data over telephone lines to a receptive data processor. A reed switch senses each rotation of the least significant digit wheel to write in a memory store. Each meter has its own memory, the memory at any time having stored therein an indication of the current meter reading. On a signal received over the telephone line, the memories are used to release their data to a secondary storage network. Data from each meter is then encoded and transmitted in sequence over a special trunk to the data processor, each memory transmitting its data sequentially in a bit stream of predetermined length, each bit being a burst of tone of one or another predetermined frequency. The read-out data from the memories is non-destructive in that the current status of each memory is retained in the memory. At the end of transmission of the totality of bits of data, the memory reading and transmission system is reset and de-activated.

Pivot for rotating molecular pumps

Abstract: Pivot for rotating molecular pumps comprising a stator element fixed to the stator of the pump, a rotor element coupled to the rotor of the pump, and in the space comprised between the rotor and stator elements, a dynamic molecular seal, a dynamic viscous seal, several gas bearings, a gas stop and a gas counter-stop.

Low disparity bipolar pcm system

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a signalling process for a PCM transmission system having reduced disparity, that is, a substantially equal number of binary "1" digits for the pulse stream. This is accomplished by complementing normal PCM words if the number of binary "1"s in a word are less than n/2, where n is equal to the number of digits per word, and using alternate-polarity bipolar code PCM transmission. In accordance with the present invention the complementing of PCM words is indicated by a polarity violation of the bipolar code of the first digit of the complemented words. This results in two pulses of the same polarity being adjacent each other rather than alternate polarity as is usual in alternate-polarity bipolar PCM. Transmission and reception circuits are also disclosed to implement the PCM signalling process of this invention.

Cassette-handling system

Abstract: A device for receiving cassettes of a recording or reading apparatus, consisting of a pivotable housing connected to a pivotable cradle, the latter being mounted on a casing enclosing the drive arrangement for the cassette. The cradle being actuated by a cam and linkage arrangement to assume three positions, that is, driving, automatic loading, and automatic ejection, the opening of the housing allowing for the manual loading or unloading of the cassette.

Echo-sounding apparatus using fourier transformation

Abstract: An echo sounding apparatus having a source of coherent waves and an array of detectors each providing an output signal significant of the phase and amplitude of that portion of a wave reflected from the target to which the coherent wave from the source is directed. Sampling circuitry samples the outputs of the detectors at periods delayed with respect to a sampling origin time by an amount proportional to the square of the distance from the sampled detector to a reference point in the array. A calculator is then provided for carrying out a Fourier transformation on each sample to provide an output signal representative of the target.

Pcm switching network providing interleaving of outgoing and incoming samples to a store during each time slot

Abstract: In a space-time-space switching network an interleaving technique is used to enable increased time (doubling) for read and write operations. The system is realized by adding input and output registers to an exemplary system and adding controls for the registers. The addition of the registers and controls specifically enables a coded sample from subscriber A to be read out in the speech store during a first cycle, a coded sample from subscriber B to be read out in the same store in the next cycle and to be transmitted through the network during the next cycle.

Arrangement for adhesively joining heat-dissipating circuit components to heat sinks and method of making them

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and an arrangement of mounting semiconductor elements on heat sinks. The switching element is glued inseparably to an intermediate layer consisting of cleavable material. One side of the intermediate layer is glued inseparably to the heat sink. If a defective switching element has to be replaced, a moderate impact on the mounting plate of the element in parallel to the surface of the heat sink is sufficient to cause an exact cleavage.

Coder for increase of transmission speed

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for transmitting binary values at a high speed in a channel having a limited bandwidth in the form of a signal having five levels. It is applied to transmission of asynchronous type.

Threshold detector for a voice frequency receiver

Abstract: A threshold detector is disclosed which provides an output signal in response to a sinusoidal signal from a band pass filter while the sinusoidal signal has a voltage level equal to or above a reference voltage. The detector employs an operational amplifier as a first comparator or detector circuit to provide a pulse in response to each excursion of the sinusoidal signal above the threshold value. Current from the pulse is used to charge a capacitor in an RC circuit to a level above the reference voltage. A second operational amplifier is connected to the RC circuit to provide the desired constant output voltage so long as the stored voltage is equal to or above the reference voltage. Feedback from the output of the second operational amplifier to the input of the first operational amplifier is used to adjust the reference voltage to a level which makes the threshold detector insensitive to noise input associated with the sinusoidal signal.

System for fault detection and location on data lines

Abstract: Whenever faults or errors are detected in the receive data signal at one station of a data link, a predetermined signal requesting transmission of a special signal is transmitted to the other station of the data link. If the special signal is not correctly received at the one station, a changeover occurs and the transmitter and receiver within each station are interconnected. Check signals are transmitted and from the results it can be determined whether the fault is due to bit errors, a faulty transmitter and/or a faulty receiver of either or both of the stations or a faulty line interconnecting the stations.

Plasma deposition of thin layers on substrates

Abstract: A method for producing thin layers of coating substances on substrates by plasma evaporation, comprising shaping a coating substance as a hollow body, passing a non-reactive gas through the body and subjecting the gas while in the body to an electromagnetic field to form a plasma. Coating material is vaporized from the interior of the body by the plasma, entrained in the gas and carried by the gas to a substrate on which it is deposited in a thin layer.

Apparatus for making electrical connector

Abstract: Moisture-tight connectors are made from cut lengths of heat-shrinkable plastic tubing by shrinking one end of the tubing around a plastic pellet that softens and bonds to it thus forming a seal. An inward constriction is formed in the other end of the tubing by shrinking it over a block that is spaced away from an internal metal sleeve. The constriction is needed to retain a dielectric paste with which the connector is filled.

Analog-digital converter of the re-circulation type

Abstract: Analog-to-digital convertor of the re-circulation type converting an analog magnitude, for example a voltage sampled at regular intervals, from a telephone current, into a series of coded quantification pulses in binary code, the convertor operating as a compression law coder, possibly as a linear coder.

Subscriber loop circuit apparatus

Abstract: Circuit apparatus is provided for extending the allowable distance between the subscriber''s loop and the central office. To provide this feature, the circuits sense a subscriber loop line closure to add an increased voltage for the conversation path and improved supervisory signalling. With the increased voltage, the current to the subscriber''s conversation path is maintained at a constant level. Further additional circuits such as a bidirectional voice frequency repeater, pulse correction circuits, and supervisory control circuits operative at the increased voltage may be connected into the conversation path. With reverse battery signalling, the polarity is sensed to activate the current regulation. On a call to the subscriber loop, the ringing signals are bypassed until the call is answered.

Device for character recognition

Abstract: A transparent polygonal disk with parallel side surfaces has an axis of rotation which is parallel to the record medium. The recognition logic is provided by glass fibers which are positioned on the side of the disk from which the light emerges. Each character element of the image contains a plurality of fibers.

Spherical double reflector antenna

Abstract: There is described a double reflector antenna arrangement having a fixed spherical-segment main reflector and at least one spherical subreflector surface concentrically arranged relative to the main reflector, which spherical/spherical double reflector antenna is particularly useful as a non-moving communication antenna capable of operating with one or more synchronous satellites. Multiple beam operation is effected by providing a feed with each spherical subreflector, wherein the position of the feeds relative to the main and subreflecting surfaces is optimized as a function of the antenna F/D ratio and especially the associated subreflector radius as defined by the spherical center point of the main reflector.

Comment on "required monochromaticity of an electron beam modulated at optical frequencies"

Abstract: Recently revealed values for the energy monochromaticity and exit aperture in the Schwarz‐Hora experiment are found to be inconsistent with the claimed beam current by orders of magnitude using the Langmuir brightness relation. Accordingly, attempts to duplicate the reported experimental conditions appear futile, and claims for the effect based upon the quoted experimental conditions may be regarded with skepticism.

Photoelectric keyboard for data input devices or the like

Abstract: A photoelectric keyboard in which operation is achieved by insertion of a shutter in the light path between a source and a photocell in response to operation of a key. The shutter has pedetermined light transmissivity. Operation of a second key before the first is released inserts a second shutter in the light path and reduces the received light level below a predetermined threshold at the photocell so that ambiguous code generation does not occur during key overlap. So-called ''''key locks'''' are, therefore, unnecessary and individual styles of writing, including the ''''Legato-Writing'''', are not inhibited.

Connection device for submarine repeater

Abstract: Connection device for connecting a submarine repeater and a coaxial cable having an outside conductor made of aluminum, comprising particular means to be implemented for connecting a repeater to a submarine cable of the coaxial type whose outer conductor is made of aluminum, these means being imposed by the necessity of avoiding the forming of an electrochemical couple between the aluminum of the line cable and the copper of the connecting cable of the repeater having sea water as its electrolyte.

Frequency locking system for direction finders

Abstract: A local oscillator control device particularly for loop antenna direction finding equipment. Two equipment modes are provided, one for tuning and frequency surveillance and another for bearing determination, are provided. The local oscillator (LO) is manually controlled and also voltage controlled, the voltage control being imperative during tuning (''''Frequency'''' mode) but operates to stabilize the LO when the ''''Bearing'''' (reading) mode is enabled, within predetermined limits. The circuits operate to revert the mode from ''''Bearing'''' to ''''Frequency'''' whenever the manual LO tuning is activated or a predetermined drift limit is exceeded.

Arrangement for suppressing overshoot caused by level regulation in carrier-frequency systems

Abstract: This relates to level regulation in a carrier frequency system with a plurality of repeaters in tandem More particularly, the level regulator at the repeaters suppress overshoot (excessive regulation) by one or more regulators The level regulator is disposed in each repeater of a pilot-controlled repeater chain Suppression of overshoot is obtained by a gradient discriminator in each repeater which detects the rate of change of the pilot level deviation from a nominal level If the rate of change exceeds a predetermined value, the level regulator is blocked

System for deriving from a single stable oscillator a plurality of different selectable local oscillator signal

Abstract: An arrangement is disclosed to provide a different local oscillator signal for each of N receivers contained in a communication station, where N is equal to an integer greater than one. Each of the receivers receive a different one of N communication frequency channels with adjacent ones of the N frequency channels being spaced from each other by a given frequency value. One embodiment incorporates a highly stable oscillator generating a signal having a frequency equal to the given frequency value. The oscillator output signal is then amplified to a high level and distributed to N multiplier/electrically controlled filter units. A different local oscillator signal is then selected for each of the receivers by an associated one of the electrically controlled filters. A second embodiment is identical to the first embodiment through the output of the N multipliers. In the second embodiment there is provided N units, each of which is coupled to a different one of the N multipliers. Each of these N units include N filters, each tuned to a different one of the required local oscillator signals, and N electrically controlled semiconductor switches. A different local oscillator signal is then selected for each of the receivers by a filter and a semiconductor switch of an associated one of the N units. A third embodiment includes the oscillator of the first and second embodiment, a multiplier coupled to the oscillator and one group of N filters of the second embodiment. The outputs of the N filters in this embodiment is fed to a semiconductor NxN matrix. The matrix is controlled to route each of the different local oscillator signals to a different associated one of the N receivers.

Arrangement for the tape-end switch-off for magnetic tape recorders, in particular cassette recorders

Abstract: An arrangement is provided for the automatic tape-end switch-off for cassette recorders Two rotary movements are developed in the recorder via the takeup spindle, pulleys and a flywheel mass End of tape results in a change of direction of the first rotary movement with respect to the second The change in direction is converted into either an axial or radial movement which effects switch-off

Apparatus for providing an analog or the like of the angular velocity of a rotating body

Abstract: Two magnetic pickups are fixed around a toothed, ferromagnetic rotating wheel in positions such that they produce output signals which are approximately sine wave in shape and in phase quadrature. Each pickup output is introduced to a different corresponding multiplicative mixer. One mixer receives a carrier input in addition. The other mixer receives the carrier shifted in phase by 90*. The outputs of mixers are introduced to an adder. The output of the adder is then free of carrier upper sideband. The lower sideband may then, if desired, be transmitted over long distances without a loss of accuracy. A.D.C. voltage, if desired, may then be developed directly proportional to the frequency of the lower sideband by a frequency discriminator. This voltage is then directly proportional to the wheel velocity. Moreover, the resolution of this volocity analog is high and to within one cycle of the high carrier frequency.

Direction determining method

Abstract: A direction-determining system, particularly for measuring the elevation by determining the transit-time differences of electromagnetic waves which are successively sent out by a reference radiator and a plurality (n) of radiators arranged along a straight line. From the n values for the transit-time differences, the azimuth ( phi ) is calculated by means of a computer in two different ways: the first serves to determine an elevation of less than 3*, and the second serves to determine an elevation of more than 3*.

Continuous liquid curing system for the manufacture of insulated conductors

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for continuous manufacture of insulated conductors and includes an extruder and an elongated chamber having a first curing section immediately following the extruder and a second cooling section following the first section. Both sections are substantially filled with a same liquid medium which remains liquid under both curing and cooling conditions. Means are provided for continuously advancing an electric conductor through the extruder wherein a coat of a curable insulating material is applied thereon and then into and through the chamber filled with the liquid medium. The apparatus further includes means for maintaining the liquid medium in the chamber under sufficient pressure to produce void free insulation, and means for maintaining the liquid medium in the first section of the chamber at a temperature at which the insulating material is cured, and in the second section of the chamber at a cooler temperature to cool the cured insulating material. The system is simple, efficient and inexpensive. It is also easily adaptable to continuous plant operations in the wire and cable industry.