Showing papers by "Alcatel-Lucent published in 1995"

Pattern Recognition and Neural Networks

Abstract: Title Type pattern recognition with neural networks in c++ PDF pattern recognition and neural networks PDF neural networks for pattern recognition advanced texts in econometrics PDF neural networks for applied sciences and engineering from fundamentals to complex pattern recognition PDF an introduction to biological and artificial neural networks for pattern recognition spie tutorial text vol tt04 tutorial texts in optical engineering PDF

Comparison of learning algorithms for handwritten digit recognition

Abstract: COMPARISON OF LEARNINGALGORITHMS FOR HANDWRITTEN DIGITRECOGNITIONY. LeCun, L. Jackel, L. Bottou, A. Brunot, C. Cortes,J. Denker, H. Drucker, I. Guyon, U. M uller,E. Sackinger, P. Simard, and V. VapnikBell Lab oratories, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USAEmail: yann@research.att.comAbstractThis pap er compares the p erformance of several classi er algorithmson a standard database of handwritten digits. We consider not only rawaccuracy, but also rejection, training time, recognition time, and memoryrequirements.1

Message Filtering Techniques

Abstract: Techniques for reducing the amount of junk e-mail received by a user of an e-mail system. A recipient description containing non-address information is added to an e-mail message. The user has an e-mail filter which has access to information which provides a model of the user. The e-mail filter uses the non-address information and the model information to determine whether the e-mail message should be provided to the user. The e-mail filter further has access to information which provides models of the user's correspondents. If the filter does not provide the message to the user, it uses the non-address information and the model information of the user's correspondents to determine who the message might be forwarded to. A sender of e-mail can also use the model information of the sender's correspondents together with the non-address information to determine who the message should be sent to. The techniques are used in a system for locating expertise.

Delivery of medical services using electronic data communications

Abstract: Patient disease is diagnosed and/or treated using electronic data communications between not only the physician and his/her patient, but via the use of electronic data communications between the physician and one or more entities which can contribute to the patient's diagnosis and/or treatment, such electronic data communications including information that was priorly received electronically from the patient and/or was developed as a consequence of an electronic messaging interaction that occurred between the patient and the physician. Such other entities illustratively include a medical diagnostic center and an epidemiological database computer facility which collects epidemiological transaction records from physicians, hospitals and other institutions which have medical facilities, such as schools and large businesses. The epidemiological transaction record illustratively includes various medical, personal and epidemiological data relevant to the patient and his/her present symptoms, including test results, as well as the diagnosis, if one has already been arrived at by the e-doc. The epidemiological database computer facility can correlate this information with the other epidemiological transaction records that it receives over time in order to help physicians make and/or confirm diagnoses as well as to identify and track epidemiological events and/or trends.

C60 thin film transistors

Abstract: N‐channel field effect transistors with excellent device characteristics have been fabricated by utilizing C60 as the active element. Measurements on C60 thin films in ultrahigh vacuum show on‐off ratios as high as 106 and field effect mobilities up to 0.08 cm2/V s.

Method and system for connecting cells and microcells in a wireless communications network

Abstract: A wireless communications system includes a number of clusters of repeaters wherein all repeaters within a cluster arc connected to a common hub via respective millimeter-wave radio links. Wireless signals received by the repeaters from end-user devices are transparently carried by the millimeter-wave radio links to respective hubs that act as concentrators for the repeaters. The hubs may be linked to a wireless network base station (in an outdoor setting) or alternatively to a server or a PBX (in an indoor environment) via a high-speed transmission facility, such as a fiber optic cable that is thus shared by all the repeaters.

Learning algorithms for classification: A comparison on handwritten digit recognition

Abstract: This paper compares the performance of several classi er algorithms on a standard database of handwritten digits. We consider not only raw accuracy, but also training time, recognition time, and memory requirements. When available, we report measurements of the fraction of patterns that must be rejected so that the remaining patterns have misclassi cation rates less than a given threshold.

BOLD based functional MRI at 4 Tesla includes a capillary bed contribution: echo-planar imaging correlates with previous optical imaging using intrinsic signals

Abstract: We show that the EPI time course in functional MR imaging at 4 Tesla displays a multiphasic response in response to photic stimulation. Focal areas of gray matter display an initial negative change in signal intensity that reaches a maximum of 1 % about 2 s after the onset of photic stimulation. This component then changes sign, reaching a positive maximum about 5 s after the onset of the stimulus. Other areas, including those where draining veins are visible, show only a positive signal change, reaching a maximum of about 6% after the onset of the visual stimulus. These time constants are in very good agreement with published data obtained with intrinsic optical mapping techniques, where a deoxygenation phase has been shown to occur in functionally specific cortical columns, followed by an increase in blood volume which is more distributed in nature. Thus, we believe there is strong evidence that a sensitivity to capillary oxygenation state is present in high S/N functional MR images obtained with EPI at 4 T.

Maintaining consistency of database replicas

Abstract: A replication protocol which includes associating a database version vector with each copy of the database in the system is provided. Each database version vector keeps track of the total number of updates to any data items in its respective database replica and from which server those updates were originally performed. During replication between two replicas, the database version vectors of the replicas are compared to efficiently determine if update replication is necessary. If the database version vectors are not identical, the server possessing the more recent version of the data items propagates those data items to the server whose replica is older using conventional update propagation techniques. Identical database version vectors indicate that update propagation is not necessary. As such, the protocol avoids examining every data item in the database in order to determine the necessity of update propagation, which is required in conventional replication protocols.

Comparison of optical millimetre-wave system concepts with regard to chromatic dispersion

Abstract: The author reports the impact of chromatic dispersion in optical millimetre-wave systems operating in the 1.55 µm wavelength window. Experimental and theoretical results confirm the dramatical millimetre-power degradation in conventional amplitude modulated systems using, for example, external optical modulators. In comparison, by use of a similar setup a self-heterodyne-based system concept has been investigated showing negligible dependence on the chromatic dispersion.

User interface for information retrieval system

Abstract: An improved information retrieval system user interface for retrieving information from a plurality of sources and for storing information source descriptions in a knowledge base. The user interface includes a hypertext browser and a knowledge base browser/editor. The hypertext browser allows a user to browse an unstructured information space through the use of interactive hypertext links. The knowledge base browser/editor displays a directed graph representing a generalization taxonomy of the knowledge base, with the nodes representing concepts and edges representing relationships between concepts. The system allows users to store information source descriptions in the knowledge base via graphical pointing means. By dragging an iconic representation of an information source from the hypertext browser to a node in the directed graph, the system will store an information source description object in the knowledge base. The knowledge base browser/editor is also used to browse the information source descriptions previously stored in the knowledge base. The result of such browsing is an interactive list of information source descriptions which may be used to retrieve documents into the hypertext browser. The system also allows for querying a structured information source and using query results to focus the hypertext browser on the most relevant unstructured data sources.

Incremental computer file backup using check words

Abstract: A facility is provided for storing in a backup memory only those blocks of a file, or disk partition, which differ from corresponding blocks forming an earlier version of the file. Specifically, a file is divided into a number of blocks and a "signature" is generated for each such block. A block is then stored in the backup memory only if its associated signature differs from a signature generated for an earlier version of the block. In addition, if two blocks of the current version of the file have identical signatures and are to be stored in the backup memory, then only one of the two blocks is stored in the memory and a simple message indicating that the other block is equal to the one block is stored in the memory for the other block. Further, the application of such signatures is advantageously applied to the opposite case of restoring a file using copies of previous versions of the file that are stored in the backup memory.

Synchronization of mailboxes of different types

Abstract: The contents of a pair of mailboxes (21, 31), one of which resides in an e-mail system (29) and the other of which resides in a voice-mail system (39), are automatically synchronized both in message content and in message state by a synchronizer (10), even though messages in the two mailboxes may have different data structures and carry information expressed in different media and having different formats. Synchronization is effected by automatically creating a corresponding message in one mailbox for every message that arrives in the other mailbox of the mailbox pair. If the corresponding message does not contain all of the information carried by the original message--for example, because some information in the original message is expressed in a medium or has a format that is incompatible, or cannot be made compatible by conversion, with the other system--a partial-copy indication (217) is raised for the corresponding message, and the behavior of synchronization is altered to protect the original message contents. The behavior of synchronization may also be tailored to accommodate automatic message expiration, or to synchronize message-header notifications only.

WISE design of indoor wireless systems: practical computation and optimization

Abstract: Designing a low-power system for wireless communication within a building might seem simple. Not so-walls can affect signal strength in ways that are hard to calculate. The paper considers how AT&T's WISE software uses CAD, computational geometry, and optimization to quickly plan where to place base-station transceivers. >

Cellular telephone as an authenticated transaction controller

Abstract: The invention includes arrangements for providing credit to customers via cellular telephones. In one embodiment, a customer seeking credit for the purchase of goods and services from a merchant (at 30) activates his or her cellular telephone (10), authenticates the cellular telephone with his cellular service provider's base station (20), and proceeds to establish a connection (to 40) to obtain credit. Credit is obtained by sending a unique sequence to the cellular service provider that is different from the normal sequence of numbers that correspond to a telephone number of the called party. That sequence may include a merchant ID code and the amount of credit desired.

Pressure effects on the magnetoresistance in doped manganese perovskites

Abstract: We present a detailed study on the effects of applied hydrostatic pressure on the magnetoresistance in doped LaMn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ at fixed doping level. In all cases, the application of external pressure monotonically increases the Curie temperature. This is compared with the application of "internal" pressure, which is varied by substituting different rare-earth ions for La. Both effects can be understood in one simple picture that relates the structural modifications to the variation of the Mn-Mn electronic transfer integral. Thus a general phase diagram has been derived with the transfer integral as the implicit microscopic parameter dominating the magnetic and transport properties of doped LaMn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$.

System and method of capturing encoded data transmitted over a communications network in a video system

Abstract: A video system that captures telephone number data encoded into video signals transmitted over a video network to at least one display device is disclosed. Video signals are received that contain an escape sequence demarcating telephone number data. The system identifies the escape sequence, and captures the telephone number data. Upon command, dialing data corresponding to the telephone number data are transmitted over a telephone network to initiate a telephone call to the desired party.

CS-ACELP speech compression system with adaptive pitch prediction filter gain based on a measure of periodicity

Abstract: A speech coding system employing an adaptive codebook model of periodicity is augmented with a pitch-predictive filter (PPF). This PPF has a delay equal to the integer component of the pitch-period and a gain which is adaptive based on a measure of periodicity of the speech signal. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, speech processing systems which include a first portion comprising an adaptive codebook and corresponding adaptive codebook amplifier and a second portion comprising a fixed codebook coupled to a pitch filter, are adapted to delay the adaptive codebook gain; determine the pitch filter gain based on the delayed adaptive codebook gain, and amplify samples of a signal in the pitch filter based on said determined pitch filter gain. The adaptive codebook gain is delayed for one subframe. The pitch filter gain equals the delayed. adaptive codebook gain, except when the adaptive codebook gain is either less than 0.2 or greater than 0.8., in which cases the pitch filter gain is set equal to 0.2 or 0.8, respectively.

Method and apparatus enabling synchronous transfer mode and packet mode access for multiple services on a broadband communication network

Abstract: STM traffic, e.g. voice and video telephony (VT), as well as packet mode (e.g. ATM) traffic, e.g. broadcast digital video, interactive television, and data, are transmitted via a multiple access broadband fiber/coaxial cable network. Customer premises equipment (CPE) at stations, and a bandwidth controller, which may be at a head end or central office, with which all stations communicate, work together to adapt to the changing demands of the traffic mix, and efficiently allocate bandwidth to a variety of bursty and isochronous traffic sources. The bandwidth allocation defines two types of time slots, STM and ATM, and divides each frame into two corresponding STM and ATM regions. The boundary between the regions can be changed dynamically. A contention access signaling channel is provided in the STM region, for call control and set-up requests. Within the STM region, the time slots can be of variable length and be allocated on a per call basis; the length of the time slots is proportional to the bandwidth requirement of STM calls. Within the ATM region, the time slots are of fixed length, each capable of accommodating one ATM cell. Further, the fixed length ATM time slots may be reserved for a particular user for the duration of a call, or may be shared through a contention process. At least one contention ATM time slot is always made available for signaling messages related to ATM call control and set-up requests. The downstream time frame is structured in a similar manner, but includes an additional MAP field to transmit to the stations ATM time slot allocation and status information for time slots in the upstream channel.

Methods and systems for interprocess communication and inter-network data transfer

Abstract: The methods and systems of the invention enable connectionless-oriented server and client programs operating on processing systems to communicate with connection-oriented routines operating on different processing systems linked to connectionless or connection-oriented networks by establishing connections or communications virtual circuits between such programs. The connectionless-oriented server and client programs may be modified to communicate with a connection manager to establish a virtual circuit before initiating communications with the connection-oriented routines. The invention further utilizes encapsulators and decapsulators to enable communication programs to transfer data packets in a first format on an established virtual circuit over a network transmitting data in a second format.

Phase-mismatched fabry-perot cavity micromechanical modulator

Abstract: An apparatus for modulating an optical signal and a method for fabricating such an apparatus, are disclosed. The apparatus, which may be formed on a semiconductor wafer or chip, consists of a membrane that is supported over a substrate by flexible support arms. An air gap is defined between the membrane and substrate. The membrane thickness and refractive index are chosen so that the reflectivities of the membrane and substrate are not 180° out of phase. Under the action of bias, the membrane moves vertically from a first position to a second position relative to the substrate, changing the air gap. The reflectivity of the modulator changes as the air gap changes. Membrane thickness and the air gap are suitably selected to achieve zero overall modulator reflectivity in one of the two membrane positions. Equations define acceptable values for the thickness of the membrane thickness and the air gap. The membrane and air gap are formed by various etching and photolithographic methods.

Multiple resolution, multi-stream video system using a single standard decoder

Abstract: A video system is disclosed in which a single generic MPEG standard encoder (107) is used to simultaneously code and compress plural different resolution video signals from a single input video signal; and in which a single generic MPEG standard decoder (402) is used to simultaneously decode plural coded and compressed video signals of different resolutions and form a single composite video signal. The coder converts each frame of pixel data of the input video signal into plural frames having different resolutions, which are then combined into a common frame (106) for input to the generic MPEG encoder. The MPEG encoder produces a single coded and compressed output bitstream in slices of macroblocks of pixel data, which output bitstream is demultiplexed (108) into separate resolution bitstreams using Slice Start Code identifiers associated with each slice and Macroblock Address Increments associated with the first macroblock in each slice, to properly route each slice to the appropriate output. The decoder processes (405) the slices within the coded and compressed bitstreams of different resolutions received from plural sources using the Slice Start Codes and Macroblock Address Increments of each slice to produce a single composite bitstream of successive slices. By merging the slices from the plural sources into the composite bitstream in a predetermined manner, the generic MPEG decoder produces a digital output video signal that is a composite of the different resolution input video signals.

Data link layer protocol for transport of ATM cells over a wireless link

Abstract: The present invention is a reliable data link layer protocol to transport ATM cells over a wireless point-to-point link. The protocol ensures that the cells are transported reliably by use of a sliding window transport mechanism with selective repeat automatic repeat request (ARQ) and forward error correction (FEC). The protocol minimizes ATM header overhead by means of header compression and provides per-cell FEC whose size can be changed adaptively. The protocol also provides parity cells for recovery from errors that cannot be corrected using the per-cell FEC field. The number of these cells as well as the size of a window or frame can also be adaptively changed. In addition, the window can be terminated to request an immediate acknowledgment.

Method and apparatus for executing a distributed algorithm or service on a simple network management protocol based computer network

Abstract: The present invention is directed at both a method and an apparatus for executing a distributed algorithm or server in a Simple Network Management Protocol Version 1 (SNMPv1) based computer network. The invention involves configuring a peer arrangement of agent/manager nodes and encapsulating the algorithm or server into SNMPv1. In a peer configuration, each node acts as a manager node, the manager node sends a Get message to an agent node to read a certain location in an agent node's managed information base (MIB) and sends a Set message to an agent node to write to a certain location in an agent node's MIB. This peer configuration also provides that each node act as an agent node, the agent node sends a GetResponse message to a manager node in response to a Get message and sends a Trap message to a manager node in response to an event. Encapsulating of the algorithm or server within SNMPv1 involves mapping the proprietary protocol to the SNMPv1 messages and mapping the algorithm or server variables to certain locations in the MIB. When mapping the algorithm or server, algorithm command variables, placeholder variables, and data variables are assigned to certain locations within the MIB.

Completion of calls to a preferred agent in an automatic call distributor

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and apparatus for completing calls to selected agents of an ACD (Automatic Call Distributor). In accordance with this invention, callers to the ACD are frequently assigned a preferred agent for handling their transactions. When these callers call the basic number of the ACD, they are identified and routed preferably, to the preferred agent if that agent is logged on. If the callers have not completed a transaction, the agent who is serving a call for that transaction provides a transaction number to the caller and the caller subsequently is connected to the agent associated with that transaction number. Advantageously, callers can normally be served by the same agent while still having the advantage of having their calls queued to any available agent of the ACD if the preferred agent for handling a caller or handling a transaction is not available.

Multiple access cellular communication with dynamic slot allocation and reduced co-channel interference

Abstract: An apparatus and method reduces co-channel interference in multiple-access cellular communication systems in which frame time or frequency slots are allocated between uplink and downlink. An omnidirectional antenna or a set of directional antennas are used in each cell base station to communicate with users. The frame slots (710,715,720) in which the antennas communicate uplink and downlink information are arranged in accordance with a predetermined frame organization to reduce mixed co-channel interference (CCI). Mixed CCI occurs when a downlink transmission from one base station antenna in a given cell interferes with uplink reception in another base station antenna in a frequency reuse (FR) cell. A potentially-interfering antenna in a given cell is therefore directed to transmit downlink information in a different portion of the frame than that in which a potentially-interfered-with antenna in the frequency reuse cell receives uplink information. The frame slots may be allocated such that only a portion (720) of the available slots are dynamically allocated in accordance with user demand, while the remaining portions are assigned to either uplink (710) or downlink (715) communication.

Method and apparatus for queuing a call to the best split

Abstract: A call-center ACD switch and queuing method are modified either to respond to an arriving call by determining, for those splits that could handle the call, the present values of a parameter that defines what is a best split for handling the call, determining from those present values which split is the best split for handling the call, and then enqueuing the call in the call queue of the best split, or to respond to a call that overflows the call queue of its primary agent split by determining which backup split in which call center is the best backup split for the call, and enqueuing the call in the call queue of the best backup split. Any desirable criteria may be used to determine the best split. A preferred criterion is queue waiting time: the best split is the one whose call queue offers the shortest in-queue waiting time. The waiting time may be either the real estimated waiting time (EWT), or the EWT weighted for other factors (WEWT) A programmable queuing control function directs the ACD switch to obtain, for each call, the EWTs of the splits, to weight these EWTs in order to obtain the corresponding WEWTs, to compare the WEWTs with each other in order to find the split with the shortest WEWT (the best split), and then to enqueue the call in the queue of this best split.

Dispersion effects in optical millimeter-wave systems using self-heterodyne method for transport and generation

Abstract: This paper describes the detrimental effects of chromatic and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on systems using single-laser-based optical self-heterodyning for generation and transport of millimeter (mm)-wave signals. The decrease of the generated mm-wave power due to chromatic dispersion in conjunction with nonnegligible laser phase noise is calculated and experimentally verified. Considering statistical properties of the PMD an analytical expression for the cumulative probability distribution of the power penalty is found and used to determine the required system margin for a given system outage rate. Furthermore, two system experiments using ASK and DPSK modulation scheme, respectively, are presented showing no limitation due to the dispersion effects. >