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Showing papers by "Alcatel-Lucent published in 2009"



Patent
22 Jun 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a gateway for mobile access includes a foreign agent that receives user profile data and session state data from a home authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) system of a mobile node, and a dynamic packet filter that performs multi-layer filtering based on the user profiles.
Abstract: A gateway for mobile access includes a foreign agent that receives user profile data and session state data from a home authentication, authorization and accounting (AAA) system of a mobile node, and a dynamic packet filter that performs multi-layer filtering based on the user profile data. The foreign agent transfers a session from a first network to a second network without session interruption, using the session state data, when the mobile node moves from the first network to the second network. The packet filter permits Internet access by the mobile node without passing Internet data requested by the mobile node through the first network.

328 citations


Patent
22 Jun 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a cloud-based service over a system that has a dynamic network virtualization architecture, which includes a set of distributed forwarding elements with centralized control, and at least one virtual machine that is bound to one of the forwarding elements.
Abstract: The invention is directed to providing cloud-based services using dynamic network virtualization. Embodiments of the invention provide a cloud-based service over a system that has a dynamic network virtualization architecture. The architecture includes a set of distributed forwarding elements with centralized control, and at least one virtual machine that is bound to one of the forwarding elements. These features enable the virtual machine to be migrated across a wide area network while maintaining its original IP address and service continuity.

264 citations


Patent
30 Sep 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a Cloud Data Center may include a logical customer edge router to send packets between addresses in a private enterprise network and address in a logical network within a cloud network.
Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a Cloud Data Center, a system comprising the Cloud Data Center, and a related method. The Cloud Data Center may include a logical customer edge router to send packets between addresses in a private enterprise network and addresses in a logical network within a cloud network. The logical network may have resources, known as virtual machines, allocated to the private enterprise network and may share a common IP address space with the private enterprise network. A directory at the Cloud Data Center may correlate the enterprise IP addresses of virtual machines with a cloud IP address and a location IP address within the logical network. The Cloud Data Center may double encapsulate packets with two specified headers, a cloudIP and locIP header, when sending a packet to a destination in the logical network.

239 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An overview of the femtocell system architecture that has been developed within 3GPP2 is provided and it is shown that the system architecture based on the cdma2000 family of radio access technologies is suitable for multivendor interoperability.
Abstract: Cellular system operators have identified the critical need for standardization of femtocell devices and their associated interfaces into the operators' core networks as a critical requirement for the success of femtocell products Driven by this demand, the UMTS/UTRAN standards community has been undertaking a large-scale and comprehensive effort to specify such standards for femtocell devices and systems that are based on the UMTS/HSDPA/HSUPA family of radio access technologies This article describes those standardization activities and provides an overview for the femtocell system architecture that has been developed within 3GPP

186 citations


Patent
12 Mar 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a method and apparatus for configuring logical connectivity for a network comprising a plurality of nodes, which includes determining a physical topology of the network.
Abstract: The invention includes a method and apparatus for configuring logical connectivity for a network comprising a plurality of nodes. A method includes determining a physical topology of the network, determining a set of LSP paths based on the physical topology of the network, and determining a set of LSPs using the set of LSP paths, where the set of LSPs includes a plurality of LSPs adapted for providing full logical connectivity between the nodes of the network. The physical topology is determined using information indicative of physical connectivity between nodes of the network. The set of LSP paths includes, for each pair of nodes in the network, at least two logical paths between the nodes of the node pair. The set of LSPs includes a plurality of LSPs adapted for providing full logical connectivity between the nodes of the network. The full logical connectivity between the nodes of the network may be maintained in response to physical topology change events, such as addition of nodes to the network removal of nodes from the network, and the like.

173 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two different solutions, reported in this communication, have been investigated: first, the chemical modification of the solid polymer electrolyte, in order to reduce cross-permeation phenomena; second, the use of catalytic H 2 /O 2 recombiners to maintain H 2 levels in O 2 at values compatible with safety requirements.

172 citations


Patent
30 Sep 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a logical customer edge router to send packets between addresses in private enterprise network and addresses in a logical network within a cloud network using Layer 2 protocol and MAC addressing.
Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a Cloud Data Center, a system comprising the Cloud Data Center, and a related method. The Cloud Data Center may include a logical customer edge router to send packets between addresses in a private enterprise network and addresses in a logical network within a cloud network using Layer 2 protocol and MAC addressing. The logical network may have resources, known as virtual machines, allocated to the private enterprise network and may share a common IP address space with the private enterprise network. A directory at the Cloud Data Center may correlate the enterprise IP addresses of virtual machines with a MAC address, cloud IP address, and a location IP address within the logical network. The Cloud Data Center may double encapsulate packets with MAC, cloudIP, and locIP headers, when sending a packet to a destination in the logical network.

167 citations


Patent
27 Aug 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a radio frequency (RF) distribution system for mobile communications is proposed, where the usual free space propagation of electromagnetic waves is hampered, undesired or impossible, for example in tunnels, mines and buildings and in large complexes like exhibition grounds, shopping malls, and airports.
Abstract: The present invention relates to radio frequency (RF) distribution systems for mobile communications. In particular, the present invention relates to a radio frequency network facilitating radio communication where the usual free space propagation of electromagnetic waves is hampered, undesired or impossible, for example in tunnels, mines, and buildings and in large complexes like exhibition grounds, shopping malls, and airports. The radio frequency network ( 1 ) comprises a distributed antenna system ( 2 ) having radiating elements, a wired distribution system ( 3 ) feeding the distributed antenna system ( 2 ), at least one antenna amplifier ( 5 ) between one end of the wired distribution system ( 3 ) and the distributed antenna system ( 2 ), at least one line amplifier ( 4 ) at the other end of the wired distribution system ( 3 ), and automatic self-leveling units included in the antenna and line amplifiers ( 4, 5 ).

163 citations


Patent
31 Jul 2009
TL;DR: In this article, a method for distributing an upgrade among a plurality of nodes communicatingly linked in a network includes: (a) introducing an upgrade element to a first node of the plurality of communicating nodes; the upgrade element being appropriate for use by the first node for effecting the upgrade; (b) communicating the upgrade elements from the first nodes to at least one other nodes of the node than the first one for use in the upgrade.
Abstract: A method for distributing an upgrade among a plurality of nodes communicatingly linked in a network includes: (a) introducing an upgrade element to a first node of the plurality of nodes; the upgrade element being appropriate for use by the first node for effecting the upgrade; (b) communicating the upgrade element from the first node to at least one other node of the plurality of nodes than the first node for use by the at least one other node for effecting the upgrade; (c) communicating the upgrade element from the at least one other node to at least one selected remaining node of the plurality of nodes not having received the upgrade element; and (d) repeating step (c) until the upgrade element is communicated to the plurality of nodes.

155 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is proved that the optimization problem in the second scenario can be converted into a convex-optimization problem, which can be solved efficiently and reliably.
Abstract: In cognitive radio networks, the secondary (unlicensed) users need to find idle channels via spectrum sensing for their transmission. Cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) is a promising technology in spectrum sensing with an admirable performance. In CSS, multiple secondary users individually sense the idle channels and send their decisions to the network center, and then the center will do a final decision. In this paper, we focus on the optimal sensing settings of the CSS to maximize the channel throughput under some constraints on the interference to cognitive radio network. Particularly, we consider two scenarios in this paper. In the first scenario, only one channel is sensed at one time, and we aim at maximizing an individual channel capacity. Some simple algorithms are also derived to calculate the optimal solution for the first scenario. In the second scenario, multiple channels are jointly sensed simultaneously, and our objective is to maximize the overall channel capacity. We prove that the optimization problem in the second scenario can be converted into a convex-optimization problem, which can be solved efficiently and reliably. Simulation results show a significant improvement of the channel capacity by using the proposed optimal CSS in cognitive radio networks.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two distinct types of magnetoresistance oscillations are observed in two electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers of different sizes in the integer quantum Hall regime.
Abstract: Two distinct types of magnetoresistance oscillations are observed in two electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers of different sizes in the integer quantum Hall regime. Measuring these oscillations as a function of magnetic field and gate voltages, we describe three signatures that distinguish the two types. The oscillations observed in a $2.0\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}{\text{m}}^{2}$ device are understood to arise from a Coulomb blockade mechanism and those observed in an $18\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}{\text{m}}^{2}$ device from an Aharonov-Bohm mechanism. This work clarifies, provides ways to distinguish, and demonstrates control over these distinct mechanisms of oscillations seen in electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The quantum Hall-plateau transition was studied at temperatures down to 1 mK in a random alloy disordered high mobility two-dimensional electron gas and a perfect power-law scaling with kappa=0.42 was observed.
Abstract: The quantum Hall-plateau transition was studied at temperatures down to 1 mK in a random alloy disordered high mobility two-dimensional electron gas. A perfect power-law scaling with $\ensuremath{\kappa}=0.42$ was observed from 1.2 K down to 12 mK. This perfect scaling terminates sharply at a saturation temperature of ${T}_{s}\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mK}$. The saturation is identified as a finite-size effect when the quantum phase coherence length (${L}_{\ensuremath{\phi}}\ensuremath{\propto}{T}^{\ensuremath{-}p/2}$) reaches the sample size ($W$) of millimeter scale. From a size dependent study, ${T}_{s}\ensuremath{\propto}{W}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ was observed and $p=2$ was obtained. The exponent of the localization length, determined directly from the measured $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and $p$, is $\ensuremath{ u}=2.38$, and the dynamic critical exponent $z=1$.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: IEEE P1900.4 facilitates the distributed dynamic optimization of the usage of spectrum offered by the heterogeneous wireless network, relying on a collaborative information exchange between networks and mobile devices, thereby acting as a common means to improve overall composite capacity and quality of service for the served networks.
Abstract: Over the past decade or so, the wireless industry has undergone many significant changes. Radio systems have moved toward forming heterogeneous wireless networks: collaborations of multiple radio access networks, which in some cases operate different radio access technologies, such as second- and third-generation cellular RATs, IEEE 802.x wireless standards, and so on. On the other hand, multimode reconfigurable user devices with the ability to choose among various supported RATs have become a reality, and devices and networks with dynamic spectrum access capabilities, allowing real-time sharing of spectrum resource usage among different systems, are expected to be a part of the future radio eco-space. As a result of these changes, there is a need to develop a standard that addresses the requirements and leverages the opportunities posed by such a versatile radio environment. To this end, IEEE 1900.4 aims to standardize the overall system architecture and information exchange between the network and mobile devices, which will allow these elements to optimally choose from available radio resources. In other words, the standard facilitates the distributed dynamic optimization of the usage of spectrum offered by the heterogeneous wireless network, relying on a collaborative information exchange between networks and mobile devices, thereby acting as a common means to improve overall composite capacity and quality of service for the served networks. This article provides a snapshot of IEEE P1900.4 in its current form, covering the scope and purpose of the standard, reference use cases for which the standard is applicable, its system and functional architectures, and finally, the information model for its main interfaces.

Patent
29 Apr 2009
TL;DR: In this article, a security mechanism for wireless power transfer applications including resonant source and device objects is provided for efficient power transfer, where tuned resonance between the source and the device is necessary for power transfer.
Abstract: A security mechanism is provided for wireless power transfer applications including resonant source and device objects, wherein tuned resonance between source and device objects is necessary for efficient power transfer. Tuning parameters associated with the source object are periodically adjusted so as to require corresponding changes in tuning parameter(s) of the device object to maintain tuned resonance. The tuning parameters are communicated to authorized users such that only authorized users capable of matching the changes made by the transmitter would be capable of receiving power. Unauthorized users that are unaware of the transmit tuning parameters will be rendered unable to maintain tuned resonance and thus unable to receive power.

Patent
17 Mar 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an exemplary embodiment area method and related device and computer-readable medium including one or more of the following: receiving a packet sent from the source node to the destination node, associating the packet with an active flow by accessing information in the packet; performing deep packet inspection (DPI) to identify an application associated with the active flow; associating application-identifying information with the packet.
Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments area methodand related device and computer-readable medium including one or more of the following: receiving a packet sent from the source node to the destination node; associating the packet with an active flow by accessing information in the packet; performing deep packet inspection (DPI) to identify an application associated with the active flow; associating application-identifying information with the packet; forwarding the packet including the application-identifyinginformation towards the destination node; and performing application-specific processing at a downstream device on at least one packet belonging to the active flow, the downstream device identifying the application associated with the active flow by extracting the application-identifying information from the packet

Patent
23 Jul 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a ground-based wireless cellular communication system providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services is described, which includes an antenna array using two-dimensional-beamforming for serving at least one airplane in the space covered by the at least 1 cell using spatial division multiple access (SDMA).
Abstract: The disclosure relates to a ground-based wireless cellular communication system providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services The system includes at least one ground-based base station adapted for generating at least one cell defining a solid angle of space surrounding the base station The ground-based base station includes an antenna array using two-dimensional-beamforming for generating at least one beam for serving at least one airplane in the space covered by the at least one cell using spatial-division multiple access (SDMA) The disclosure also relates to an airplane equipment for providing in-flight broadband mobile communication services The airplane equipment includes an antenna for exchange of user data with the ground-based wireless cellular communication system, a transceiver unit connected to the antenna for handling the air-to-ground and ground-to-air communication with the ground-based wireless cellular communication system, and an inside-airplane communication system for distributing the user data to and from terminals within the airplane

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Various methods that have been proposed in order to enhance the channel utilization by improving the spatial reuse of the medium access control protocol are surveyed.
Abstract: In multihop wireless ad-hoc networks, the medium access control (MAC) protocol plays a key role in coordinating the access to the shared medium among wireless nodes. Currently, the distributed coordination function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 is the dominant MAC protocol for both wireless LANs and wireless multihop ad hoc environment due to its simple implementation and distributed nature. The current access method of the IEEE 802.11 does not make efficient use of the shared channel due to its conservative approach in assessing the level of interference; this in turn affects the spatial reuse of the limited radio resources and highly affect the achieved throughput of a multihop wireless network. This paper surveys various methods that have been proposed in order to enhance the channel utilization by improving the spatial reuse.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a record capacity distance product of 41.8 Petabit/s middotkm was demonstrated with a total of 164 channels modulated at 100 Gbit/s with PDM-QPSK format, packed with 2 bit/s/Hz information spectral density.
Abstract: A record capacity distance product of 41.8 Petabit/s middotkm is demonstrated. A total of 164 channels are modulated at 100 Gbit/s with PDM-QPSK format, packed with 2 bit/s/Hz information spectral density and recovered by off-line processing in a coherent receiver after 2550 km distance.

Patent
Yigang Cai1, Suzann Hua1
30 Sep 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a system in the network receives input from a controlling party defining usage restrictions for the end user device, and transmits the usage control profile to the user device.
Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing usage control of communication services within an end user device. A system in the network receives input from a controlling party defining usage restrictions for the end user device. The system then generates a usage control profile, and transmits the usage control profile to the end user device. The end user device then monitors activities in the device to identify a communication attempt (e.g., an incoming voice call). When a communication attempt is identified, the end user device processes the usage control profile to determine whether the communication attempt is authorized, and allows the communication attempt to continue if the attempt is authorized. If the attempt is not authorized, then the end user device blocks the communication attempt.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the work carried out within the European integrated project Integrated Photonic mm-wave Functions for Broadband Connectivity (IPHOBAC) on the development of photonic components and radio-over-fiber technologies for broadband wireless communication is reviewed.
Abstract: Some of the work carried out within the European integrated project Integrated Photonic mm-Wave Functions for Broadband Connectivity (IPHOBAC) on the development of photonic components and radio-over-fiber technologies for broadband wireless communication is reviewed. In detail, 60 GHz outdoor radio systems for >10 Gbits/s and 60 GHz indoor wireless systems offering >1 Gbit/s wireless transmission speeds are reported. The wireless transmission of uncompressed high-definition TV signals using the 60 GHz band is also demonstrated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of high datatrate QPSK channels impaired by cross-phase modulation induced by the lower rate OOK channels can be simply estimated by an extension of a well-known linear model for XPM, and novel analytical expressions of the sensitivity penalty are provided.
Abstract: In this paper we show that, in hybrid wavelength division multiplexed systems, the performance of high datatrate QPSK channels impaired by cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced by the lower rate OOK channels can be simply estimated by an extension of a well-known linear model for XPM, and novel analytical expressions of the sensitivity penalty are provided. From such a model we prove that the reported QPSK penalty decrease with QPSK baud rate increase should be attributed to the action of the phase estimation process rather than to the walkoff effect. The model also simply shows how coherent QPSK is more affected by XPM than incoherent DQPSK, and allows to infer that even more impact is expected when the baudrate is further reduced through polarization multiplexing.

Patent
26 Jan 2009
TL;DR: In this article, each data packet in the plurality of data packets includes a plurality of coded cellular signals, and a location of a mobile station (120) is determined based on received multi-paths associated with response from the mobile station to broadcast of at least one of the data packets.
Abstract: In ail example embodiment of the present invention, the method includes creating a plurality of data packets, Each data packet in the plurality of data packets includes a plurality of coded cellular signals. The plurality of data packets are sent over a data network associated with at least one sector served by a plurality of transceivers (RRHs), and at least one of the plurality of transceivers broadcasts the data packets, A location of a mobile station (120) is determined based on received multi-paths associated with response from the mobile station to broadcast of at least one of the plurality of data packets.

Patent
14 Jul 2009
TL;DR: In this article, the physical internetworking devices within the system are shared to provide the internetworking functions while servicing two or more distinct and isolated user networks, which is accomplished by logically partitioning the devices into distinct sub-elements which provide all or part of the internet working functions.
Abstract: An internetworking system operating over an ATM backbone. The physical internetworking devices within the system are shared to provide the internetworking functions while servicing two or more distinct and isolated user networks. This is accomplished by logically partitioning the devices into distinct sub-elements which provide all or part of the internetworking functions. These sub-elements are uniquely allocated to independent realms which are then assigned to specific user networks.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Investigation of nonlinear transport in electronic Fabry-Pérot interferometers in the integer quantum Hall regime finds a checkerboardlike pattern of conductance oscillations as a function of dc bias and perpendicular magnetic field consistent with a crossover from skipping orbits to E-vector x B-vector drift at high fields.
Abstract: We investigate nonlinear transport in electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers in the integer quantum Hall regime. For interferometers sufficiently large that Coulomb blockade effects are absent, a checkerboardlike pattern of conductance oscillations as a function of dc bias and perpendicular magnetic field is observed. Edge-state velocities extracted from the checkerboard data are compared to model calculations and found to be consistent with a crossover from skipping orbits at low fields to E-vector x B-vector drift at high fields. Suppression of visibility as a function of bias and magnetic field is accounted for by including energy- and field-dependent dephasing of edge electrons.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper is an overview of the most significant recent and upcoming IPTV standards.
Abstract: In the last few years, IPTV has emerged as one of the major distribution and access techniques for broadband multimedia services. It is one of the primary growth areas for the telecommunications industry. However, existing IPTV systems are generally based on proprietary implementations that do not provide interoperability. Recently, many international standard bodies have published, or are developing, a series of IPTV related standards.. This paper is an overview of the most significant recent and upcoming IPTV standards.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
13 May 2009
TL;DR: Simulation results show how the proposed algorithm allows the UAVs and tasks to self-organize into independent coalitions, while improving the performance, in terms of average player (UAV or task) payoff, of at least 30.26% relatively to a scheme that allocates nearby tasks equally among Uavs.
Abstract: Autonomous agents such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have a great potential for deployment in next generation wireless networks. While current literature has been mainly focused on the use of UAVs for connectivity enhancement and routing in military ad hoc networks, this paper proposes a novel usage model for UAVs in wireless communication networks. In the proposed model, a number of UAVs are required to collect data from a number of randomly located tasks and transmit this data wirelessly to a common receiver (such as the central command). Each task represents a queue of packets that require collection and transmission to the central receiver. This problem is modeled as a hedonic coalition formation game between the UAVs and the tasks that interact in order to form disjoint coalitions. Each formed coalition is modeled as a polling system consisting of a number of UAVs, designated as collectors, which act as a single server that moves between the different tasks present in the coalition, collects and transmits the packets to a common receiver. Within each coalition, some UAVs might also take the role as a relay for improving the packet success rate of the transmission. The proposed coalition formation algorithm allows the tasks and the UAVs to take local selfish decisions to join or leave a coalition, based on the achieved benefit, in terms of effective throughput, and the cost in terms of delay. Simulation results show how the proposed algorithm allows the UAVs and tasks to self-organize into independent coalitions, while improving the performance, in terms of average player (UAV or task) payoff, of at least 30.26% relatively to a scheme that allocates nearby tasks equally among UAVs.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, two distinct types of magnetoresistance oscillations are observed in two electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers of different sizes in the integer quantum Hall regime.
Abstract: Two distinct types of magnetoresistance oscillations are observed in two electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers of different sizes in the integer quantum Hall regime. Measuring these oscillations as a function of magnetic field and gate voltages, we describe three signatures that distinguish the two types. The oscillations observed in a $2.0\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}{\text{m}}^{2}$ device are understood to arise from a Coulomb blockade mechanism and those observed in an $18\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}{\text{m}}^{2}$ device from an Aharonov-Bohm mechanism. This work clarifies, provides ways to distinguish, and demonstrates control over these distinct mechanisms of oscillations seen in electronic Fabry-Perot interferometers.

Patent
21 Aug 2009
TL;DR: In this article, a method and related network node including one or more of the following: establishing, at the network node, a first Child Link Aggregation Group (CLAG), wherein the first CLAG includes at least one link to a first downstream node; establishing a second CLAG, wherein the secondCLAG includes a second downstream node.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method and related network node including one or more of the following: establishing, at the network node, a first Child Link Aggregation Group (CLAG), wherein the first CLAG includes at least one link to a first downstream node; establishing, at the network node, a second CLAG, wherein the second CLAG includes at least one link to a second downstream node; establishing, at the network node, a Parent Link Aggregation Group (PLAG), wherein the PLAG includes the first CLAG and the second CLAG; receiving, at the network node, a packet including an address of a destination of the packet; determining that the destination of the packet is associated with the PLAG; and transmitting the packet over both the first CLAG and the second CLAG.

Patent
31 Aug 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a multiple-load balancer is used for balancing loads in two or more server clusters in the server system to identify a sequence of servers for processing the service request.
Abstract: In a network arrangement where a client requests a service from a server system, e.g., through the Internet, a multiple-load balancer is used for balancing loads in two or more server clusters in the server system to completely identify a sequence of servers for processing the service request. Each server in the resulting sequence belongs to a different server cluster. The service request is sent to the first server in the sequence, along with information for routing the request through the sequence of servers.