Showing papers by "Alcatel-Lucent published in 2018"

A Statistical Approach for RF Exposure Compliance Boundary Assessment in Massive MIMO Systems.

Abstract: Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a fundamental enabler to provide high data throughput in next generation cellular networks. By equipping the base stations (BSs) with tens or hundreds of antenna elements, narrow and high gain beams can be used to spatially multiplex several user equipment (UE) devices. While increasing the achievable performance, focusing the transmit power into specific UE directions also poses new issues when performing the radio frequency (RF) exposure assessment. In fact, the spatial distribution of the actual BS transmit power strongly depends on the deployment scenario and on the position of the UEs. Traditional methods for assessing the RF exposure compliance boundaries around BS sites are generally based on maximum transmit power and static beams. In massive MIMO systems, these approaches tend to be very conservative, in particular when time averaging is properly considered. In this work, we propose to leverage the three dimensional spatial channel model standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project in order to assess reasonably foreseeable compliance boundaries of massive MIMO BSs. The analysis is performed by considering BSs fully loaded and different configurations of active UEs per cell. Numerical results show that the statistical approach developed in this paper allows reducing to nearly half the compliance distance when compared to the traditional method.

Respiratory sound analysis in the era of evidence-based medicine and the world of medicine 2.0.

Abstract: Objective This paper describes the state of the art, scientific publications, and ongoing research related to the methods of analysis of respiratory sounds. Methods and material Narrative review of the current medical and technological literature using Pubmed and personal experience. Results We outline the various techniques that are currently being used to collect auscultation sounds and provide a physical description of known pathological sounds for which automatic detection tools have been developed. Modern tools are based on artificial intelligence and techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, and genetic algorithms. Conclusion The next step will consist of finding new markers to increase the efficiency of decision-aiding algorithms and tools.

25.4-Tb/s Transmission Over Transpacific Distances Using Truncated Probabilistically Shaped PDM-64QAM

Abstract: Probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), digital nonlinear compensation, and multirate spatially coupled low-density parity check codes are used to achieve 25.4-Tb/s transmission over 10 285 km EDFA-only straight-line testbed at 6.1 bits/symbol/Hz. The gain provided by PCS over standard 64QAM is investigated over transatlantic and transpacific distances. Moreover, the potential benefits of nonlinear compensation based on digital-backpropagation versus algorithm complexity are addressed.

Unrepeatered Transmission of 29.2 Tb/s over 295 km with Probabilistically Shaped 64 QAM

Abstract: We report transmission of a record capacity of 29.2 Tb/s (79 × 49 GBd PCS-64QAM) over a 295 km-long unrepeatered link with a high-power booster and a third order Raman pump.

Friend or Foe: Strong Consistency vs. Overload in High-Availability Distributed Systems and SDN

Abstract: Distributed systems play an increasingly important role in leading-edge networks with high availability requirements, including software-defined networks (SDN), where replicating essential network state information is critical to ensure resilience under failures. Distributed consensus based strong consistency algorithms, such as Raft, are often used to ensure that all components of the distributed system agree on their view of the replicated data, even when a minority of the distributed components crash. Another critical requirement for highly available networks is to gracefully handle overload conditions, where the demands on the network exceed expected levels for a period of time, such as during natural or man-made disasters or popular sporting events. Hence, the strong consistency algorithms used in such networks must also behave gracefully under overload conditions. We show that, in fact, strong consistency algorithms such as Raft may not behave gracefully under overload conditions and can in fact significantly negatively affect SDN control plane availability in these circumstances. We demonstrate that the open-source ONOS SDN controller, which uses the Java-based Atomix implementation of Raft, exhibits such behavior under intent overload, resulting in the loss of requests to the network, and with the entire SDN network eventually crashing. We further demonstrate similar behaviors of the Python-based pysyncobj implementation of Raft. We then propose DynRaft, a dynamic add-on to Raft implementations that continues to ensure the formally proven strong consistency properties of Raft, and demonstrate the effectiveness of DynRaft with the pysyncobj implementation under emulated overload conditions.

Unicast branching based multicast

Abstract: The present disclosure generally discloses multicast communication support capabilities configured to support multicast communications of a multicast group using a multicast tree. The multicast communication support capabilities may include a unicast branching based multicast capability. The unicast branching based multicast capability may be configured to support determination and establishment of, as well as communication via, a multicast tree that is composed of unicast branches. The unicast branching based multicast capability may be configured to preserve the multicast information of multicast transmissions transported via the multicast tree even though the multicast transmissions are transported via unicast branches of the multicast tree. The unicast branching based multicast capability may be configured to preserve the multicast information of multicast transmissions transported via unicast branches of the multicast tree based on encoding of the multicast information within the packets of the multicast transmission being transported via the unicast branches of the multicast tree.

Method and apparatus for over-the-air anchor-anchor synchronization

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a method and apparatus for providing improved anchor-anchor clock synchronization. In particular, the skew and offset of a second clock in reference to a first clock is determined based on measured transmit and receive times of at least two two-way transmissions between a first anchor using the first clock and a second anchor using the second clock.

Blockchain-based security threat detection method and system

Abstract: A method and system of detecting a security threat within a network of connected devices that share a ledger of transactions between them under the form of exchanged blockchain messages (50). Enhanced blockchain messages are built by adding all forked chains (51) to the blockchain messages (50). Forked chains in such enhanced blockchains are then inspected to detect any anomaly. When an anomaly is detected in a forked chain, all transactions of the ledger in the forked chain (51) and the blockchain message (50) leading up to the network attack entry point are reviewed to identify the source of the security threat.

Multiple path transmission of data

Abstract: A user equipment, intermediate proxy node, method and computer program are disclosed. The user equipment comprises a network control domain and a user domain and is operable to receive and transmit data via multiple communication paths. The user equipment has conversion logic within the user domain operable to convert between a single data stream and multiple data streams formed from the single data stream, such that at least two of the multiple communication paths may be used for transmission of the multiple data streams formed from the single data stream.

Record 560 Gb/s Single-Carrier and 850 Gb/s Dual-Carrier Transmission over Transoceanic Distances

Abstract: We demonstrate record single-carrier 560-Gb/s over 6,600 km and 430-Gb/s transmission over 13,200 km, as well as dual-carrier 850-Gb/s over 6,600km, and 1-Tb/s over 3,960km, leveraging advanced DACs, wideband receiver, probabilistic shaping and nonlinear mitigation.

On the Economics of Fog Computing: Inter-Play among Infrastructure and Service Providers, Users, and Edge Resource Owners

Abstract: Fog computing is a paradigm which brings computing, storage, and networking closer to end users and devices for better service provisioning. One of the crucial factors towards the success of fog computing is how to incentivize the individual users' edge resources, thereby opening the era of user- participated fog computing. In this paper, we provide an economic analysis of such user-oriented fog computing by modeling a market consisting of ISP (Infrastructure and Service Provider), SUs (end Service Users), and EROs (Edge Resource Owners) as a noncooperative game. In this market, ISP, which provides a platform of fog computing, behaves as a mediator or a broker to lease the edge resources from EROs and provide various services to SUs. In our game formulation, a two-stage dynamic game is used, where in each stage there exists another dynamic game, one for between ISP and EROs and another for between ISP and SUs, to model the market more practically. Despite this complex game structure, we provide a closed- form equilibrium analysis, which gives an insight of how much economic benefits are obtained by ISP, SUs, and EROs under what conditions.

Explicit CSI Feedback Design for 5G New Radio phase II.

Abstract: Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems are expected to boost the data throughput and reliability in future 5G systems. In order to enable advanced radio concepts in New Radio (NR) phase II, such as multiple transmit receive point (multi-TRP) transmission, accurate channel state information (CSI) knowledge at gNB side is essential. This paper provides a practical explicit CSI feedback scheme, which exploits time domain channel sparsity. A heuristic greedy algorithm is used to discover the channel support and feed it back to the gNB. Simulation results comparing the proposed approach against recently standardized NR phase I Type II CSI feedback, show an improved performance for the proposed design.

Method, apparatus, and system for d2d relay

Abstract: An object of the invention is providing method, apparatus, and System for D2D Relay. Compared with the prior art, the present invention attaches/ detaches a user equipment to/from a mobility management entity through a relay device, thereby implementing a brand new procedure and function of policy and service control for D2D Relay scenarios. Through the present invention, the user equipment needn't maintain signaling communication with major network, instead, under the control by the relay device, which would save radio resource and limited resource on constrained UEs; the present invention also enables a policy/ service control for the user equipment, and enables that the service can be relayed through the relay device; the present invention may also save much resource on the network for maintaining the bearer and signaling path for the user equipment without any service impact; besides, the present invention also proposes a solution for the traffic congestion between eNB and MME caused by group message broadcasting.

Optical line terminal and optical network unit

Abstract: The invention provides an optical line terminal and an optical network unit. The optical line terminal of the invention comprises a deviation wavelength determination unit. The deviation wavelength determination unit is used for obtaining a second channel of uplink optical signals and determining whether the wavelength of the second channel of uplink optical signals is deviated with respect to peak transmission wavelength in the characteristic frequency spectrum of receiving arrayed waveguide grating, and determining deviation wavelength information if the wavelength of the second channel of uplink optical signals is deviated with respect to the peak transmission wavelength, and encoding the deviation wavelength information to downlink multi-wavelength optical signals. The optical network unit of the invention can adjust the wavelength of optical signals of a tunable laser according to received deviation wavelength information. By means of the optical line terminal and the optical network unit of the invention, the wavelength of the tunable laser of the optical network unit can be controlled remotely at the optical line terminal. The optical line terminal and the optical network unit of the invention are advantageous in structural simplicity, easiness in implementation and low cost.

Design of Submarine “Open” Cables

Abstract: Digital coherent receiver and GN model moved submarine transmission systems into the era of “open cables”. This new paradigm leads to consider new parameters to design and characterize open submarine systems independently of the terminal equipment.

Privacy indicators for controlling authentication requests

Abstract: Techniques for providing privacy features in communication systems are provided. For example, a message may be provided from user equipment to an element or function in a communication network that comprises one or more privacy indicators, where privacy features for processing the message are determined based on the privacy indicators. The message may comprise an attach request comprising a subscription identifier for a subscriber associated with the user equipment, with the privacy indicators comprising a flag indicating whether the subscription identifier in the attach request is privacy-protected. As another example, the element of function in the communication network may determine privacy features supported by the communication network and generate and send a message to user equipment comprising one or more privacy indicators selected based on the determined privacy features. The privacy indicators may comprise an indication of whether the communication network is configured for handling privacy-protected subscription identifiers.

Multimedia content delivery with reduced delay

Abstract: A content delivery server (102) is configured to: receive a request for a chunk of a segment of a video stream, the segment of the video stream including a series of chunks, each of the chunks including a set of video frames, a first of the chunks being aligned with a first Instantaneous Decoder Refresh frame in the video stream, and a second of the chunks being aligned with a second subsequent Instantaneous Decoder Refresh frame in the video stream; determine whether the request was received during a first interval or a second subsequent interval of an intra period between the first of the chunks and the second of the chunks; output the first of the chunks or the second of the chunks for transmission based on the determination of whether the request was received during the first interval or the second interval.

Method of measuring radio link quality in a D2D user equipment

Abstract: A method of measuring radio link quality in a D2D user equipment in a wireless communication system including an eNB and at least two D2D user equipments, UEs: a first D2D UE receives a discovery packet from a second D2D UE; and the first D2D UE measures the radio link quality based on the reception of the discovery packet and generates a wireless link quality indication, which indicates sidelink quality between the first D2DUE and the second D2D UE; wherein the at least two D2D user equipments include an alternative UE-to- network relay D2D UE and a remote D2D UE; and the first D2D UE is the remote D2D UE, and the second D2D UE is the alternative UE-to- network relay D2D UE; or the first D2D UE is the alternative UE-to- network relay D2D UE, and the second D2D UE is the remote D2D UE.

Congestion control based on flow control

Abstract: The present disclosure generally discloses a congestion control capability for use in communication systems (eg, to provide congestion control over wireless links in wireless systems, over wireline links in wireline systems, and so forth) The congestion control capability may be configured to provide congestion control for a transport flow of a transport connection, sent from a transport flow sender to a transport flow receiver, based on flow control associated with the transport flow The transport flow may traverse a flow queue of a link buffer of a link endpoint The link endpoint may provide to the transport flow sender, via an off-band signaling channel, an indication of the saturation state of the flow queue of the transport flow The transport flow sender may control transmission of packets of the transport flow based on the indication of the saturation state of the flow queue of the transport flow

Carrier diffusion as a measure of carrier/exciton transfer rate in InAs/InGaAsP/InP hybrid quantum dot–quantum well structures emitting at telecom spectral range

Abstract: We investigate the diffusion of photo-generated carriers (excitons) in hybrid two dimensional–zero dimensional tunnel injection structures, based on strongly elongated InAs quantum dots (called quantum dashes, QDashes) of various heights, designed for emission at around 1.5 μm, separated by a 3.5 nm wide barrier from an 8 nm wide In0.64Ga0.36As0.78P0.22 quantum well (QW). By measuring the spectrally filtered real space images of the photoluminescence patterns with high resolution, we probe the spatial extent of the emission from QDashes. Deconvolution with the exciting light spot shape allows us to extract the carrier/exciton diffusion lengths. For the non-resonant excitation case, the diffusion length depends strongly on excitation power, pointing at carrier interactions and phonons as its main driving mechanisms. For the case of excitation resonant with absorption in the adjacent QW, the diffusion length does not depend on excitation power for low excitation levels since the generated carriers do not ha...

Edge resource sharing

Abstract: The present disclosure generally discloses improvements in computer performance in service providing architectures, including deployment of services in service providing architectures using edge resource sharing. The improvements to computer performance in deployment of services in service providing architectures using edge resource sharing may be based on edge resource sharing capabilities which may be configured to support deployment of services in service providing architectures using edge resource sharing. The edge resource sharing capabilities may be configured to enable an infrastructure provider device of an infrastructure provider to facilitate sharing of edge device resources of edge devices of an edge resource owner for supporting services of a service provider that offers services to customers.

Resource allocation in a cloud environment

Abstract: We disclose a cloud-computing system configurable to allocate cloud resources to application functions based on a performance model generated for some or all of such functions by monitoring the performance of an instance pool employed for their execution. In an example embodiment, a corresponding performance model is generated by iteratively forcing the instance pool, during a learning phase, to operate in a manner that enables a control entity of the cloud-computing system to adequately sample different sub-ranges of an operational range, thereby providing a sufficient set of performance data points to a model-building module thereof. The model-building module operates to generate the performance model using a sufficient set of performance data points and then provides the model parameters to the control entity, wherein the model parameters can be used, e.g., to optimally configure and allocate the cloud resources to the application functions during subsequent operation.

Support of mobile-terminated data delivery service towards a user equipment using extended idle mode DRX

Abstract: A mobile network entity, such as Mobility Management Entity MME, is for the support of Mobile-Terminated MT Data Delivery via an interface such as the T6a interface between a Service Capability Exposure Function SCEF and the mobile network entity, towards a User Equipment UE using extended idle mode DRX served by the mobile network entity is configured to receive from the SCEF a MT Data Delivery Request including information indicating a time frame within which a MT Data Delivery Response is awaited by the SCEF.

Optical terabit transmitter and receiver based on passive polymer and InP technology for high-speed optical connectivity between datacenters

Abstract: We demonstrate the hybrid integration of a multi-format tunable transmitter and a coherent optical receiver based on optical polymers and InP electronics and photonics for next generation metro and core optical networks The transmitter comprises an array of two InP Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) with 42 GHz bandwidth and two passive PolyBoards at the back- and front-end of the device The back-end PolyBoard integrates an InP gain chip, a Bragg grating and a phase section on the polymer substrate capable of 22 nm wavelength tunability inside the C-band and optical waveguides that guide the light to the inputs of the two InP MZMs The front-end PolyBoard provides the optical waveguides for combing the In-phase and Quadrature-phase modulated signals via an integrated thermo-optic phase shifter for applying the pi/2 phase-shift at the lower arm and a 3-dB optical coupler at the output Two InP-double heterojunction bipolar transistor (InP-DHBT) 3-bit power digital-to-analog converters (DACs) are hybridly integrated at either side of the MZM array chip in order to drive the IQ transmitter with QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM encoded signals The coherent receiver is based on the other side on a PolyBoard, which integrates an InP gain chip and a monolithic Bragg grating for the formation of the local oscillator laser, and a monolithic 90° optical hybrid This PolyBoard is further integrated with a 4-fold InP photodiode array chip with more than 80 GHz bandwidth and two high-speed InP-DHBT transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs) with automatic gain control The transmitter and the receiver have been experimentally evaluated at 25Gbaud over 100 km for mQAM modulation showing bit-error-rate (BER) performance performance below FEC limit

Targeted rectangular conditioning

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vectoring controller (130) for configuring a vectoring processor (120) that jointly processes DMT communication signals (u1 uN; y1yN) to be transmitted over, or received from, a plurality of N subscriber lines (L1 LN) according to a vectoring matrix (Pk; Qk) In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the vectoring controller is adapted, for given ones (k) of a plurality of tones, to enable the given tone for direct data communication over a first set of N-Mk targeted lines (Ak) out of the plurality of N subscriber lines, and to disable the given tone for direct data communication over a second disjoint set of Mk supporting lines (Bk) out of the plurality of N subscriber lines, Mk denoting a non-null positive integer The vectoring controller is further adapted to configure the vectoring matrix to use an available transmit or receive power at the given tone over the second set of Mk supporting lines for further enhancement of data signal gains at the given tone over the first set of N-Mk targeted lines The present invention also relates to a method for configuring a vectoring processor

Friendly Full Duplex: A Multi-User Full Duplex Method for MGfast in Coexistence with G.fast

Abstract: Multi-user full duplex (FDX) transmission is instrumental to provide sufficient coverage and reach for the multi-gigabit data rates targeted by MGfast. However, to seamlessly introduce such a technology into access networks, it is important to consider coexistence with legacy half duplex G.fast. We propose a novel frame structure with two alternating FDX operating points, as well as a corresponding synchronization scheme, which enable coexistence without impacting the rate nor the reach of either technology. This multi-user FDX method is referred to as Friendly Full Duplex, and is a low complexity solution that exploits existing G.fast mechanisms and that can be optimized over transmission direction and time. Simulation results illustrate the significant gains in data rate performance and coexistence properties.

Software method to detect and prevent silent datapath ip route lookup failures

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to an apparatus, method and a non-transitory computer readable medium including a control plane microprocessor which is configured receive a first route from a forwarding information base, generate an internet protocol (IP) address lookup based on the first route and generate an IP route lookup request based on the IP address lookup, a shared memory configured to receive the IP route lookup request from the control plane microprocessor and a datapath processor configured to receive an IP lookup request from the control plane microprocessor, receive the IP route lookup request from the shared memory and perform an IP route datapath lookup on a storage device, wherein the control plane microprocessor compares the result of the IP route datapath lookup to the first route.

Improved control of packet retransmission for low power wide area network

Abstract: This application relates to a method of data transmission in a network system (1). The network system (1) comprises a network node (10) and an end device (20). The end device (20) can transmit data packets of a first type and data packets of a second type to the network node (10). The network node (10) is required to send a confirmation to the end device (20) upon reception of a data packet of the first type and is not required to send a confirmation to the end device (20) upon reception of a data packet of the second type. The method comprises transmitting, by the network node (10), a first command packet including an indication of a first upper limit to the end device (20), the first upper limit being an upper limit for a first duty cycle for transmission of the data packets of the first type by the end device (20), and transmitting, by the end device (20), the data packets of the first type in accordance with a duty cycle that is smaller than or equal to the first upper limit indicated by the first command packet. The application further relates to a network node (10) and an end device (20) for use in a network system (1).

Hybrid Raman And Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Abstract: An apparatus includes first and second light sources, an optical interferometer, one or more light detectors, and an electronic processor. The second light source is configured to output light of a different wavelength than the first source. The optical interferometer has optical reference and sample arms. The optical sample arm has a first optical path to transmit light received from the first and second light sources to an area of a target and has a second optical path to transmit light collected from the area of the target to one or more interference regions. The optical reference arm is configured to transmit light received from the first light source to the one or more interference regions. Each light detector is configured to produce electrical signals indicative of measured intensities of interfered light in a corresponding one of the one or more interference regions. The electronic processor is configured to determine, from the electrical signals, information indicative of a depth dependence of stimulated Raman optical emission in the area of the target.