Showing papers by "Alcatel-Lucent published in 2020"

Digital Whole Slide Imaging Compared With Light Microscopy for Primary Diagnosis in Surgical Pathology: A Multicenter, Double-Blinded, Randomized Study of 2045 Cases.

Abstract: Context.— The adoption of digital capture of pathology slides as whole slide images (WSI) for educational and research applications has proven utility. Objective.— To compare pathologists' primary ...

Ultrafast response of harmonic modelocked THz lasers

Abstract: The use of fundamental modelocking to generate short terahertz (THz) pulses and THz frequency combs from semiconductor lasers has become a routine affair, using quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) as a gain medium. However, unlike classic laser diodes, no demonstrations of harmonic modelocking, active or passive, have been shown in THz QCLs, where multiple pulses per round trip are generated when the laser is modulated at the harmonics of the cavity's fundamental round-trip frequency. Here, using time-resolved THz techniques, we show for the first time harmonic injection and mode-locking in which THz QCLs are modulated at the harmonics of the round-trip frequency. We demonstrate the generation of the harmonic electrical beatnote within a QCL, its injection locking to an active modulation and its direct translation to harmonic pulse generation using the unique ultrafast nature of our approach. Finally, we show indications of self-starting harmonic emission, i.e., without external modulation, where the QCL operates exclusively on a harmonic (up to its 15th harmonic) of the round-trip frequency. This behaviour is supported by time-resolved simulations of induced gain and loss in the system and shows the importance of the electronic, as well as photonic, nature of QCLs. These results open up the prospect of passive harmonic modelocking and THz pulse generation, as well as the generation of low-noise microwave generation in the hundreds of GHz region.

The Generalized Droop Formula for Low Signal to Noise Ratio Optical Links

Abstract: We present a theoretical model that fully supports the recently disclosed generalized droop formula (GDF) for calculating the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of constant-output power (COP) amplified coherent links operated at a very low SNR. For single-mode nonlinear COP links we compare the GDF-SNR to the better known generalized SNR (GSNR) that uses the Gaussian noise (GN) model for constant-gain (CG) amplifiers. We find that at all medium to large SNRs the GSNR well matches with the GDF, while at GSNR below 6 dB the GSNR over-estimates the correct GDF-SNR by more than 0.5 dB. Fortunately, the GDF-SNR turns out to be approximately a simple function of the GSNR, which allows adaptation of the widespread GSNR also to very low SNR links. A key finding of this article is that the end-to-end model underlying the GDF is a concatenation of per-span first-order regular perturbation (RP1) models with end-span power renormalization. This fact allows the GDF to well reproduce the SNR of highly nonlinear systems, well beyond the RP1 limit underlying the GN model. The GDF is successfully extended to the case where the bandwidth/modes of the COP amplifiers are not entirely filled by the transmitted multiplex. Finally, the GDF is extended to CG amplified links and is shown to improve on known GN models of highly nonlinear propagation with CG amplifiers.

Characterization of IgG1 Fc Deamidation at Asparagine 325 and Its Impact on Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity and FcγRIIIa Binding.

Abstract: Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is an important mechanism of action for many therapeutic antibodies. A therapeutic immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 monoclonal antibody lost more than half of its ADCC activity after heat stress at 40 °C for 4 months. Size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography were used to fractionate various size and charge variants from the stressed IgG1. Physicochemical characterization of these fractions revealed that a rarely seen crystallizable fragment (Fc) modification, N325 deamidation, exhibited a positive correlation with the loss of ADCC activity. A further surface plasmon resonance study showed that this modification disrupted the binding between the IgG1 Fc and Fcγ receptor IIIa, resulting in decreased ADCC activity of the IgG1 antibody. Mutants of N325/D and N325/Q were made to confirm the effect of N325 deamidation on ADCC. We hypothesize that N325 deamidation altered the local three-dimensional structure, which might interfere with the binding and interaction with the effector cell. Because of its impact on biological activity, N325 deamidation is a critical quality attribute for products whose mechanism of action includes ADCC. A thorough understanding of the criticality of N325 deamidation and appropriate monitoring can help ensure the safety and efficacy of IgG1 or Fc-fusion products.

Observation of four Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou recurrences in an ultra-low-loss optical fiber.

Abstract: We report the experimental observation of more than four Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou recurrences in an optical fiber thanks to an ultra-low loss optical fiber and to an active loss compensation system. We observe both regular (in-phase) and symmetry-broken (phase-shifted) recurrences, triggered by the input phase. Experimental results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

Design Optimisation of Power-Efficient Submarine Line through Machine Learning

Abstract: An optimised subsea system design for energy-efficient SDM operation is demonstrated using machine learning. The removal of gain-flattening filters employed in submarine optical amplifiers can result in capacity gains at no additional overall repeater cost.

Development and characterization of a novel anti-OX40 antibody for potent immune activation

Abstract: With the great success of anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members have been recognized as ideal targets to provide co-stimulatory signals in combination with immune checkpoint blocking antibodies. Among these is OX40 (CD134), a co-stimulatory molecule expressed by activated immune cells. Recently, several anti-OX40 agonistic monoclonal antibodies, pogalizumab as the most advanced, have entered early phase clinical trials. Using a yeast platform and multiple screening methods, we identified a fully human anti-OX40 antibody (IBI101) with distinct modes of action. Unlike pogalizumab, IBI101 partially blocks the binding of OX40 to its ligand OX40L and exhibits both FcγR-dependent and independent agonistic activities in NF-κB luciferase reporter assays. IBI101 also promotes T cell activation and proliferation in vitro. These unique properties partially explain the more potent anti-tumor activity of IBI101 than that of pogalizumab in humanized NOG mice bearing LoVo tumors. In addition, IBI101 shows efficacious anti-tumor activity in mice when administrated alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies. In human OX40 knock-in mice bearing MC38 colon carcinoma, IBI101 treatment induces tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, decreases immunosuppressive regulatory T cells in tumor, and enhances the immune response to PD-1 inhibition. Preclinical studies of IBI101 in non-human primates demonstrate typical pharmacokinetic characteristics of an IgG antibody and no drug-related toxicity. Collectively, IBI101 has desirable preclinical attributes which support its clinical development for cancer treatment.

Supply-Power-Constrained Cable Capacity Maximization Using Multi-Layer Neural Networks

Abstract: We experimentally solve the problem of maximizing capacity under a total supply power constraint in a massively parallel submarine cable context, i.e., for a spatially uncoupled system in which fiber Kerr nonlinearity is not a dominant limitation. By using multi-layer neural networks trained with extensive measurement data acquired from a 12-span 744-km optical fiber link as an accurate digital twin of the true optical system, we experimentally maximize fiber capacity with respect to the transmit signal's spectral power distribution based on a gradient-descent algorithm. By observing convergence to approximately the same maximum capacity and power distribution for almost arbitrary initial conditions, we conjecture that the capacity surface is a concave function of the transmit signal power distribution. We then demonstrate that eliminating gain flattening filters (GFFs) from the optical amplifiers results in substantial capacity gains per Watt of electrical supply power compared to a conventional system that contains GFFs.

Methodological Problems With Online Concussion Testing.

Abstract: Reaction time testing is widely used in online computerized concussion assessments, and most concussion studies utilizing the metric have demonstrated varying degrees of difference between concussed and non-concussed individuals. The problem with most of these online concussion assessments is that they predominantly rely on consumer grade technology. Typical administration of these reaction time tests involves presenting a visual stimulus on a computer monitor and prompting the test subject to respond as quickly as possible via keypad or computer mouse. However, inherent delays and variabilities are introduced to the reaction time measure by both computer and associated operating systems that the concussion assessment tool is installed on. The authors hypothesized systems that are typically used to collect concussion reaction time data would demonstrate significant errors in reaction time measurements. To remove human bias, a series of experiments was conducted robotically to assess timing errors introduced by reaction time tests under four different conditions. In the first condition, a visual reaction time test was conducted by flashing a visual stimulus on a computer monitor. Detection was via photodiode and mechanical response was delivered via computer mouse. The second condition employed a mobile device for the visual stimulus, and the mechanical response was delivered to the mobile device's touchscreen. The third condition simulated a tactile reaction time test, and mechanical response was delivered via computer mouse. The fourth condition also simulated a tactile reaction time test, but response was delivered to a dedicated device designed to store the interval between stimulus delivery and response, thus bypassing any problems hypothesized to be introduced by computer and/or computer software. There were significant differences in the range of responses recorded from the four different conditions with the reaction time collected from visual stimulus on a mobile device being the worst and the device with dedicated hardware designed for the task being the best. The results suggest that some of the commonly used visual tasks on consumer grade computers could be (and have been) introducing significant errors for reaction time testing and that dedicated hardware designed for the reaction time task is needed to minimize testing errors.

Transceivers cohérents intégrant des lasersIII-V sur silicium pour lestransmissions à 400 Gbit/s

Abstract: Les transmetteurs coherents se sont imposes dans les systemes de transmission longue distance sur fibres optiques depuis une dizaine d’annee du fait de l’explosion du trafic de donnees. Les fibres sont aujourd’hui introduites dans les reseaux metropolitains et les connections entre data-centers. Actuellement, les recherches sont tres actives pour developper des emetteurs et des recepteurs coherents integres a faible cout, faible consommation electrique et petite taille, avec des annonces regulieres de nouveaux records en termes de densite d’integration et de capacite de transmission. Cette these s’inscrit pleinement dans ce contexte de developpement de circuit photoniques integres dans le cadre des applications en telecommunications optiques.Le sujet de cette these porte particulierement sur les transmetteurs coherents a diversite de polarisation integrant des materiaux III-V et des modulateurs silicium pour les applications de transmission coherente a 400 Gb/s et au-dela. Le signal emis par un laser accordable en mode TE (Transverse Electrique) est separe dans deux bras, puis chacun est module par un modulateur de phase base sur des interferometres Mach-Zehnder (MZ) integres, generant 4 symboles dephases de 90°(IQ). Le signal module est amplifie par un amplificateur optique a semi-conducteurs (Semiconductor Optical Amplifier : SOA). Un rotateur de polarisation est integre en sortie d’un des deux MZ, afin de convertir le mode TE en mode TM (Transverse Magnetique). Un combinateur de polarisation est ensuite utilise pour obtenir le signal multiplexe en polarisation (TE + TM). Ce schema permet de multiplier au moins par 4 le debit des transmissions. Les travaux de recherche de cette these sont articules selon trois axes : 1) Realisation de lasers largement accordables pour l’emetteur IQ ; 2) Conception et realisation de modulateurs de phase innovants ; 3) Conception et realisation de transmetteur coherents complets avec emetteur et recepteur integres sur une meme puce.

Optimizing Gain Shaping Filters with Neural Networks for Maximum Cable Capacity under Electrical Power Constraints

Abstract: We experimentally demonstrate capacity gains of up to 23% under electrical supply power constraints in a long-haul optical fiber cable by optimizing the gain shaping filters using neural networks.

20.6 Pb/s·km Unrepeatered Transmission without ROPA: UWB SOA Booster and Backward Raman Amplification

Abstract: Semiconductor optical amplification complemented by backward-propagating Raman pumps enables 100 nm ultra-wideband transmission which, when coupled with wavelength-adaptive modulation and SD-FEC, gives a net throughput of 80.2 Tb/s over a single span of 257.5 km.

Maximizing Fiber Cable Capacity under a Supply Power Constraint using Deep Neural Networks

Abstract: We experimentally achieve a 19% capacity gain per Watt of electrical supply power in a 12-span link by eliminating gain flattening filters and optimizing launch powers using deep neural networks in a parallel fiber context.

Analysis of 34 to 101GBaud Submarine Transmissions and Performance Prediction Models

Abstract: We analyze more than 100 subsea experiments with various configurations of rates, modulations, powers, reach and show a format and rate agnostic, accurate QoT prediction tool. We particularly show the impact of signal droop and the connection between GAWBS models based on spectral measurements and system impact.

Gain-shaped waterfilling is Quasi-optimal for Constant-pump Flattened-EDFA Submarine Links

Abstract: For EDFA-amplified submarine links, we corroborate the results in1 by analytically deriving an approximate capacity-achieving distribution where power is allocated inversely to the EDFA gain.

Therapeutic hypothermia reduces cortical inflammation associated with utah array implants.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE Neuroprosthetics hold tremendous promise to restore function through brain-computer interfaced devices. However, clinical applications of implantable microelectrodes remain limited given the challenges of maintaining neuronal signals for extended periods of time and with multiple biological mechanisms negatively affecting electrode performance. Acute and chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and blood brain barrier disruption contribute to inconsistent electrode performance. We hypothesized that therapeutic hypothermia (TH) applied at the microelectrode insertion site will positively modulate both inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, promoting neuroprotection and improved performance in the long-term. APPROACH A custom device and thermoelectric system were designed to deliver controlled TH locally to the cortical implant site at the time of microelectrode array insertion and immediately following surgery. The TH paradigm was derived from in vivo cortical temperature measurements and finite element modeling of temperature distribution profiles in the cortex. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with non-functional Utah microelectrodes arrays (UMEA) consisting of 4 × 4 grid of 1.5 mm long parylene-coated silicon shanks. In one group, TH was applied to the implant site for two hours following the UMEA implantation, while the other group was implanted under normothermic conditions without treatment. At 48 h, 72 h, 7 d and 14 d post-implantation, mRNA expression levels for genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis were compared between normothermic and hypothermia-treated groups. MAIN RESULTS The custom system delivered controlled TH to the cortical implant site and the numerical models confirmed that the temperature decrease was confined locally. Furthermore, a one-time application of TH post UMEA insertion significantly reduced the acute inflammatory response with a reduction in the expression of inflammatory regulating cytokines and chemokines. SIGNIFICANCE This work provides evidence that acutely applied hypothermia is effective in significantly reducing acute inflammation post intracortical electrode implantation.

The Generalized Droop Model for Optical Long-Haul Transmission Systems

Abstract: We review the fundamentals of the recently disclosed Generalized Droop model and highlight its use in optimization of long-haul low-SNR space-division multiplexed submarine links.

Network slice-specific access barring for wireless networks

Abstract: A technique includes detecting, by a user device, a network slice associated with an access attempt by the user device to access a wireless network, and making, by the user device, a barring decision for the access attempt based on the network slice associated with the access attempt. Another example technique may include receiving, by a base station from one or more core network entities within a wireless network, network slice-specific load information that indicates a load for each of one or more network slices, determining, by the base station based on the received network slice-specific load information, a barring configuration that indicates a set of barring parameters for one or more access categories, and sending, by the base station to a user device, the barring configuration to reduce a load on the wireless network.

Recent Progress in the Characterization of the G-SNR and the OSNR of Future SDM-Based Subsea Open Cables

Abstract: We characterized the G-SNR and the OSNR of an SDM-compatible submarine optical cable with different modulation formats and symbol rates up to 101 GBd, observing good agreement between all G-SNR measurements.

Wide-area solid-state illumination devices and systems

Abstract: Wide-area solid-state illumination devices and systems employing a thin and flexible sheet of an optically transmissive material having at least one broad-area surface patterned with light scattering surface microstructures such as microdots of a non-absorbing UV curable ink. Light is input into the thin and flexible sheet using a number of compact solid-state light sources, such as LEDs, optically coupled to one or more edges or to one or two of the broad-area surfaces defining the thin and flexible sheet. Each surface microstructure forms a semi-opaque layer that extracts light from the thin and flexible sheet and causes light emission from both opposing broad-area surfaces of the sheet.

Data-Driven Characterization of EDFA In Constant Current Operation

Abstract: We study the electrical and optical characteristics of an EDFA designed for a latest submarine cable using a large set of measurement data. By clarifying dependence and independence of parameters, we demonstrate that an EDFA can be characterized numerically through few measurements.

Design Optimisation of Power-Efficient Submarine Line through Machine Learning.

Abstract: An optimised subsea system design for energy-efficient SDM operation is demonstrated using machine learning. The removal of gain-flattening filters employed in submarine optical amplifiers can result in capacity gains at no additional overall repeater cost.

Communication methods and devices for uplink power control

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a communication method and device for uplink power control. The method comprises receiving a plurality of sets of power control parameters from a network device, each of the plurality of sets being associated with a corresponding one of a plurality of sets of candidate beam patterns for the terminal device. The method further comprises selecting, based on a beam pattern for the terminal device, one of the plurality of sets of power control parameters for uplink transmit power control, the beam pattern for the terminal device being included in the set of candidate beam pattern that is associated with the selected set of power control parameters.

Supply-Power-Constrained Cable Capacity Maximization Using Multi-Layer Neural Networks

Abstract: We experimentally solve the problem of maximizing capacity under a total supply power constraint in a massively parallel submarine cable context, i.e., for a spatially uncoupled system in which fiber Kerr nonlinearity is not a dominant limitation. By using multi-layer neural networks trained with extensive measurement data acquired from a 12-span 744-km optical fiber link as an accurate digital twin of the true optical system, we experimentally maximize fiber capacity with respect to the transmit signal's spectral power distribution based on a gradient-descent algorithm. By observing convergence to approximately the same maximum capacity and power distribution for almost arbitrary initial conditions, we conjecture that the capacity surface is a concave function of the transmit signal power distribution. We then demonstrate that eliminating gain flattening filters (GFFs) from the optical amplifiers results in substantial capacity gains per Watt of electrical supply power compared to a conventional system that contains GFFs.

Method and apparatus for terminals registered via multiple access networks

Abstract: The apparatus includes a processor configured to send, over a 3rd Generation Partnership project (3GPP) access, a notifying message regarding non-3GPP access to a user equipment, the user equipment being simultaneously registered to the communication network via the 3GPP access and via the non-3GPP access, the user equipment being in a connection management-idle state over the non-3GPP access. The method includes sending over a 3rd Generation Partnership project (3GPP) access a notifying message regarding non-3GPP access to a user equipment, the user equipment being simultaneously registered to a communication network via the 3GPP access and via the non-3GPP access, the user equipment being in a connection management-idle state over the non-3GPP access.

Stepped light guide illumination systems

Abstract: A stepped light guide illumination system employing a planar sheet of an optically transmissive material having a stepped light guiding structure and one or more parallel arrays of channels. Light is input into the stepped light guiding structure using a number of light sources, such as LEDs, located within the channels and coupled to the stepped light guiding structure at multiple locations. Light is extracted from the stepped light guiding structure by two-dimensional patterns of light extraction features provided within the parallel channels and in surface areas of the stepped light guiding structure located between the parallel channels.

Efficient Optimized Strategy of Big Data Retrieval

Abstract: With the development of new information technologies, the accumulation of data volume has been exploding, and big data retrieval has played an increasingly important role in big data technology. The challenge of data retrieval are the improvement of retrieval accuracy and retrieval speed. Aiming at the demand of big data platform for efficient data retrieval, an efficient optimized strategy is proposed. We found when the primary key query is used, the query response can be quick. However, when using a non-primary key query, the cache table needs to be comprehensively scanned and the longer response delay may be induced. This paper proposes a secondary index based on Solr to increase the accuracy of information retrieval and the quality of user experience. Then a cache-heat evaluation algorithm categorizes data according to access frequency to reduce query latency. Moreover, an index optimization method based on memory cache updates the cache to save space and enhance utilization. The experiments and simulation demonstrate that the proposed strategy can effectively improves the big data retrieval.

Enhancements to serving a user equipment in a visited country in a mobile communication system

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention is a User Equipment UE, configured to perform a DNS query in order to obtain a list of local PLMNs of a country the UE is visiting.

Optical apparatus with paired input and output planar waveguides coupled to a reflective modulator

Abstract: An optical apparatus comprising a reflective optical modulator and an integrated planar lightwave circuit. The circuit can have one or more pairs of input and output planar waveguides thereon. The input planar waveguide is optically coupleable to a first optical fiber and the output optical waveguide is optically coupleable to a second optical fiber. End segments of the input planar waveguide and the output planar waveguide are tilted towards each other such that the input planar waveguide is able to direct an optical signal from the planar lightwave circuit to a reflective modulator. The reflective optical modulator is configured to data modulate the optical signal and transmit said data modulated optical signal to the end segment of the output planar waveguide.

Method, network device and terminal device in a beam-based mmwave communication system

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method, network device and terminal device for mobility management in a beam-based millimeter wave communication system. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for mobility management implemented by a network device in a beam-based millimeter wave communication system. The method comprises: receiving, from a terminal device, a request for mobility management; allocating dedicated resources for transmitting a beam switching request in response to the request for the mobility management; transmitting a first indication of the allocated dedicated resources to a terminal device; and receiving, from the terminal device, the beam switching request over the dedicated resources, the beam switching request indicating a target beam to which the terminal device is to be switched.