Alcatel-Lucent

About: Alcatel-Lucent is a based out in Stuttgart, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Signal & Network packet. The organization has 37003 authors who have published 53332 publications receiving 1430547 citations. The organization is also known as: Alcatel-Lucent S.A. & Alcatel.

Parametric amplifiers driven by two pump waves

Abstract: Parametric amplifiers (PAs) are well-suited for optical communication systems. Not only can PAs provide high gain for arbitrary signal wavelengths, they can also conjugate the signals and convert their wavelengths. The four-sideband model of parametric amplifiers driven by two pump waves will be reviewed and used to describe the conditions required to produce broad-bandwidth gain. The flexibility of the two-pump architecture allows it to produce gain that is nearly independent of the signal polarization, and idlers whose spectral widths are comparable to that of the signal.

Software pay per use system

Abstract: A pay per use system for the prevention of the unauthorized use of computer software. An encryption program encodes original software to produce secured software. The encoding is accomplished by using cryptographic techniques. In order to use the software, a user must call a telephone number to receive the cryptographic keys necessary to decrypt the secured software. Thus, users must pay for each use of the secured software. The system allows software developers to freely distribute the secured software. Copies of the secured software may be freely made, because payment is based on each use of the software not on each copy of the software.

Average inversion level, modeling, and physics of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Abstract: We present a detailed study of a set of models for characterizing the gain, the input and output powers of single erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and networks of EDFAs. The time dependent gain is described by a single ordinary differential equation for the average inversion level of an EDFA with arbitrary number of signal channels with arbitrary power levels and propagation directions. In steady state, this ordinary differential equation becomes a transcendental equation from which many important parameters are derived. Through perturbation analysis of the time dependent model, the output perturbation can be expressed explicitly in terms of the input perturbations, which is useful for tone calculations. Therefore, this set of models can be applied to the steady state, and to large- and small-signal transient states in wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) optical communication networks with EDFAs. The models are applied to analyze fast power transients in networks of EDFAs.

Printed plastic electronics and paperlike displays

Abstract: Plastic electronic materials and high-resolution printing methods may be important technologies for new classes of consumer electronic devices that are lightweight, mechanically flexible and bendable, and that can cover large areas at low cost. This article summarizes some of our recent work in this area. It focuses on the materials and patterning techniques that we used to produce plastic active-matrix backplane circuits for a type of paperlike display. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3327–3334, 2002