Showing papers by "Aligarh Muslim University published in 1982"

Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in a Pipe: An Intermediate Layer

Abstract: The fully developed mean turbulent pipe flow is analysed at large Reynolds number by the method of matched asymptotic expansions. From the study of various limiting processes, in the sense of Kaplun, a crucial intermediate limit is identified whose transverse dimension is of the order of geometric mean of the transverse dimensions of the classical inner and outer layers. The asymptotic expansions in the three layers (inner, intermediate and outer) are matched by the Millikan's argument leading to two overlap domains where velocity distribution is logarithmic but their slopes could be different. The measurements show that the sustantial log regions do in fact exist in the two overlap domains and the ratio of their slopes is 2.03. The present theory describes the velocity profile over a greater range when compared to the classical theory. The predictions of Reynolds stress and turbulent energy production are in remarkably good argreement with the data for almost entire turbulent flow region from the beginning of the buffer layer to the axis oj pipe.

Micellar Enhanced Spectrofluorimetric Methods: Application to the Determination of Pyrene

Abstract: The effects of cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), nonionic polyoxyethylene (9.5)p-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethylbutylphenol, Triton X-100 (TX-100), and anionic sodium dodecylsulfate (NaLS) surfactant micelles upon the spectrofluorimetric determination of pyrene is described. It was found that the intensity of the pyrene fluorescence is enhanced from 3 to 16 times in the presence of the micellar systems. Possible reasons for this micellar induced enhanced fluorescence are discussed. The spectral parameters, fluorescence lifetimes, quantum yields, lower detection limits, and analytical figures of merit for pyrene in CTAC, NaLS, TX-100, ethanol, and water are compared. The detection limit of pyrene in the presence of micelles (∼1.0 × 10−10 M) is about an order of magnitude lower than that possible in alcohol alone. A brief discussion on the predicted general applicability of this new technique in fluorimetric analyses is also given.

Optimum Allocation in Multivariate Stratified Random Sampling with Overhead Cost

Abstract: The problem of allocating the sample numbers to the strata in multivariate stratified surveys, where, apart from the cost involved in enumerating the selected individuals in the sample, there is an overhead cost associated with each stratum, has been formulated as a non-linear programming problem. The variances of the posterior distributions of the means of various characters are put to restraints and the total cost is minimized. The main problem is broken into subproblems for each of which the objective function turns out to be convex. When the number of subproblems happens to be large an approach has been indicated for obtaining an approximate solution by solving only a small number of subproblems.

Some new and known species of Dorylaimoidea.

Abstract: Five new species of the superfamily Dorylaimoidea belonging to the genera Prodorylaimus Andrassy, 1959; Labronema Thorne, 1939; Oriverutus Siddiqi, 1970 and Aporcelaimellus Heyns, 1965 are described. Prodorylaimus obesus n. sp. is 1.63-1.80 mm long; with a = 26-33; b = 4.6-5.2; c = 26-30; V = 50-56; odontostyle = 21-27 μm; spicules = 52-57 μm and is closely related to P. rionensis and P. brasiliensis. Labronema nepalense n. sp. is 1.40-1.53 mm long; with a= 26-29; b = 3.8-4.0; c = 67-74; V = 58-59; odontostyle = 23-25 μm; and is closely related to L. ruttneri and L. octodurense. L. pararapax n. sp. is 1. 53-1.85 mm long; with a = 26-31; b = 4.0-4.8; c = 43-63; V = 56-59; odontostyle = 25-27 μm; spicules = 57-65 μm and is close to L. rapax and L. mauritiense. Oriverutus hastus n. sp. is 0.87-1.01 mm long; with a = 30-44; b = 3.0-3.8; c = 18-23; V = 49-50; odontostyle = 13-14 μm; spicules = 32 33 μm and is close to O. hastatus and O. arcuatus. Aporcelaimellus baqrii n. sp. is 1.82-2.05 mm long; with a = 28-32; b = 3.4-3.8; c = 63-67; V = 53-57; odontostyle = 24-26 μm; spicules = 63 μm and is close to A. calmus, A. conoidus and A. hylophilus. Amphidorylaimus flagellicauda, Prodorylaimium brigdammense, Ecumenicus monohystera, Labronema mauritiense, Lordellonema porosum, Poronemella porifer, Crateronema aestivum, Aporcelaimellus amylovorus, Aporcelaimellus obscurus and Aporcelaimellus laevis are reported for the first time from India with additional data. Males of Amphidorylaimus flagellicauda, Aporcelaimellus amylovorus and Discolaimus tenax are described for the first time.

Facies Analysis and Paleogeographic Implications of a Late Paleozoic Glacial Outwash Deposit, Bihar, India

Abstract: Six interbedded facies are recognized in 60-m-thick, late Paleozoic Talchir strata exposed as a small outlier in Archean metamorphics in Bihar, eastern India. Conglomerate facies which occur as elongate bodies and diamictite dispersed in small isolated blocks are interbedded with medium to coarse, massive, horizontal-bedded to cross-bedded sandstone and fine to medium ripple-laminated sandstone and laminated shale facies. A facies model derived from Markov chain analysis reveals a fining-upward relationship from conglomerate at base through sandstone to shale at top. Conglomerate facies which occur as elongate bodies, massive at base and cross-bedded at top, are similar to those of longitudinal bars of proglacial outwash plains. Small blocks of diamictite enclosed in conglomerate are interpreted as ice-rafted frozen blocks of moraine. Massive, horizontal-bedded to cross-bedded sandstone facies correspond to seasonal channel sand, deposited respectively as flooded channel facies and downcurrent-migrating transverse-to-linguoid bars of braided streams. Fine clastic facies occurring as capping on conglomerate and sandy bars correspond to periods of minimal discharge in protected or abandoned parts of outwash plains. Frequent lateral shifts of braided channel bars in outwash plains may account for the recurrence of fining-upward cycles. The deposition of outwash debris is attributed to meltwater streams following southward retreat of the Talchir ice lobe. The ice lobe, perhaps, developed locally on the highlands of Parasnath hill to the south, but there is also a possibility that it represents the northern limit of the ice lobes that advanced northward across the Damodar Valley Basin.

Cation-Exchange Study on a Crystalline and Thermally Stable Phase of Antimony Silicate. Effect of Irradiation on Ion-Exchange Behavior and Separation of Cd(II) from Zn(II) and Mn(II) and of Mg(II) from Ba(II), Ca(II), and Sr(II)

Abstract: A systematic ion-exchange study has been performed on antimony silicate, which includes its ion-exchange capacity, elution behavior, pH titrations, and distribution coefficients of common metal ions. The Kd values for alkali metals vary with the pH of the solution and the material is found to be highly selective for Rb(I) at pH values greater than 1. On the basis of distribution studies, the separation of Cd(II) from Zn(II) and Mn(II) has been achieved. Similarly, Mg(II) has been separated from Ba(II), Ca(II), and Sr(II) to illustrate its utility. Antimony silicate is very stable both thermally and chemically and possesses reproducible ion-exchange properties; also, the effect of irradiation on the ion-exchange behavior is negligible. A tentative formula of the material has also been proposed based on chemical, infrared, and thermogravimetric analysis studies. The x-ray studies reveal that the exchanger is crystalline with a d-value of 6.09 A.

Effects of aldrin on scrum and liver constituents of freshwater catfishClarias batrachus L.

Abstract: The changes in total protein, total phosphorus, calcium and cholesterol contents wore observed in serum and liver of treated and control fishClarias batrachus L. Alerin caused more pronounced effect in liver than in serum. Values remained significantly low in liver of experimental fish than in control, while the serum constituents fluctuated widely. The variations observed in different values are explained as transfer or development of tolerance. A constant increase of cholesterol in serum corresponding to a regular decrease in liver is interpreted as deportation of cholesterol from liver to serum as a result of liver damage by aldrin poisoning.

Derivatization of keto fatty acids: I. Synthesis and mass spectrometry of thiazolidinones

Abstract: The synthesis of alkyl chain-substituted thiazolidinones from oxo acids is described. Reactions of mercaptoacetic acid with three oxoesters, methyl 10-oxoundecanoate, methyl 12-oxooctadecanoate and methyl 9,10-dioxooctadecanoate gives excellent yields of the corresponding thazolidinones. Mass spectral fragmentation patterns of these long-chain thiazolidinone derivatives are discussed.

The Synthesis and Ligand Properties of The Dihydrobis-(5-Nitroindazolyl) Borate Anion

Abstract: The synthesis and characterization of a novel ligand, dihydrobis(5-nitroindazolyl) borate, and several of its complexes with transition metal ions have been carried out. It has been found that the ligand is uninegative, and forms octahedral complexes of the metal ions V(III), Fe(III), Pt(IV), Cr(II), Mn(II) and Co(II). The Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) ions form square-planar complexes whereas the Cu(I) ion yields a tetrahedral mixed ligand complex involving a dihydrobis(5-nitroindazolyl) borate and two 5-nitroindazolyl moieties. The Fe(III) complex has been found to undergo reduction when the solution is left to stand for about a month giving the Fe(II) complex in the form of a stable solid compound.

Paleoflow Analysis of Late Paleozoic Gondwana Deposits of Giridih and Adjoining Basins and Paleogeographic Implications

Abstract: The Late Paleozoic Gondwana rocks underlying the Giridih, Jainty and Saharjuri basins, and Dhakoi outlier of south Bihar comprise Talchir, Karharbari and Barakar Formations. The Talchir strata exhibit a facies change from conglomeratic in the Dhakoi outlier in the south to dominantly sandy, shaly to silty in the Giridih and other basins towards north. The Karharbari abounds in pebbly, very coarse, coarse to medium sandstone (~85% by volume) with thin interbeds of shale (~7%) and coal (~8%). In contrast, the succeeding Barakar is characterised by more of shale (~36%) and coal (~21 %) than sandstone (~43%) which is largely medium to coarse grained. Paleoflow analysis based on cross bedding and other directional attributes reveals a gradual shift with time in paleodrainage in that it was directed towards west-northwest (297 ±46°) during Talchir, northwest (343 ±42°) in Karharbari and towards north (359 ±: 50°) in Barakar. The uniformity of northerly paleoflow during Karharbari and Barakar times in the given area and in the adjoining Gondwana basins to the south is suggestive of a unified Gondwana basin in this part of peninsular India. It is inferred that the outlet of Gondwana streams in this part was dominantly northward.

Studies on precipitating and hemagglutinating antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract: We studied the precipitating and hemagglutinating autoantibodies in the sera of patients with various connective tissue diseases in general and lupus in particular. Saline soluble extract of goat thymus had adequate antigenic materials as compared to other organs. Twenty per cent of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were positive for precipitating autoantibodies by immunodiffusion and 44% by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Normal human subjects, nonrheumatic disease patients and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and progressive systemic sclerosis were all negative. Forty seven per cent of positive systemic lupus erythematosus sera showed two precipitin systems. Enzyme sensitivities were used as the basis of identification of most of the antigenic specificities. Passive hemagglutination was carried out to identify antibodies to non-histone nuclear protein and nuclear ribonucleo-protein antigens. Thirty eight % of systemic lupus erythematosus patients were positive by this technique. Passive hemagglutination although a highly sensitive technique could not detect antibodies against antigenic systems other than non-histone nuclear protein and nuclear ribonucleoprotein.

Studies on the genus Axonchium Cobb, 1920 from India.

Abstract: Three new species of Axonchium, one each belonging to the subgenera Axonchium, Epaxonchium and Spiculaxonchium n. subgenus are described from India. The new subgenus Spiculaxonchium is similar to the subgenera Metaxonchium and Epaxonchium but differs from both in the shape of spicules and in having very weakly developed lateral guiding pieces and ventromedian supplements. Axonchium (Spiculaxonchium) spiculum n. sp. (L = 1.65-1.88 mm, V = 52-54) is similar to A. (M. ) vaginatum and A. (M.) leptocephalum. Axonchium (Axonchium) vallum n. sp. (L = 1.59-1.95 mm, V = 52-59, odontostyle = 10-12 μm, odontophore = 13-14 μm, spicules = 55-57 μm) has only 1-3 ventromedian supplements and is similar to A. (A. ) siddiqii and A. (A. ) shamimi. Axonchium (Epaxonchium) tacitum n. sp. (L = 1.76-1.96 mm; V = 55-57, odontostyle = 10-12 μm, odontophore = 15-16 μm, spicules = 52-57 μm, ventromedian supplements = 7-9) is similar to A. (E.) valvulatum. Males of A. (A. ) shamimi and A. (M.) vaginatum are reported for the first time. The latter species, which was originally described from a single female is redescribed.

Effect of alkylation on the secondary structure of DNA.

Abstract: S1 nuclease hydrolysis and bezoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose (BND-cellulose) chromatography have been used to demonstrate that alkylation of DNA by dimethyl sulfate at neutral pH leads to the production of partially denatured molecules under conditions where no significant depurination occurs. DNA was alkylated with increasing concentrations of the alkylating agent, and subjected to enzymatic degradation and binding to BND cellulose. An increasing degree of DNA hydrolysis and adherence to BND cellulose was seen. On hydroxyapatite chromatography the alkylated DNA still eluted at the position of double-stranded molecules suggesting the presence of partially denatured regions. The presence of salt had a preventive effect on such denaturation.

Taxonomic studies on Haltichellinae of India (Hymenoptera : Chalcididae) PT. I. Haltichellini

Abstract: Nine species(8 new) of HaItichellini are described, viz. nikolskayae and vulgaris under Hockeria Walker; sativa under Nippohockeria Habu; indicus, vitatus, brevicorpus, hyalopennis and indicatus under Antrocephalus Kirby and brevicorpus under Neotainania Husain and Agarwal. Keys to the world species of Hoekeria and Antrocephalus are given Nippohoekeria is reported for the first time from Indian and a second new species added to the genus.

Further Declines in Rhesus Populations of India

Abstract: Previous studies of rhesus monkey populations in northern India throughout the 1960s showed considerable declines in these populations due to a variety of ecological, economic, and social factors (Southwick and Siddiqi 1966, 1968, Southwick et al. 1961a,b, 1965,1970). Since 1970 there have been indications in Aligarh District of western Uttar Pradesh that this decline was leveling, and some improvement in rhesus population status was occurring (Southwick and Siddiqi 1977, Southwick et al. 1980). From 1962 to 1970, the Aligarh rhesus population declined 60% (from 403 to 163 individuals), but from 1970 to 1978 this population recovered part of this loss with a 44.8% increase (from 163 to 236). Seth and Seth (1980) have also observed population increases in a number of rhesus groups in western and northern U.P. and eastern Rajasthan since 1975.

Performance of a Chopper-Controlled DC Drive with Elastic Coupling and Periodically Varying Load Torque

Abstract: A chopper-fed separately excited direct current (dc) motor driven electromechanical system is analyzed. The influence of inherently present elasticity of the shaft on the performance of the drive with a load torque periodic in nature is investigated. A mathematical model of the system is given and the equations are solved using a noniterative technique. Closed-form solutions for system performance in terms of motor current and speed, in transient as well as steady state conditions, are obtained. Conditions leading to the possibility of resonance are discussed. Results are illustrated by an example, and inferences are drawn.

Effect of a symmetrically placed dielectric tube on the capacitance of a cylindrical cross-capacitor

Abstract: The change in the cross-capacitance of a cylindrical cross-capacitor of circular cross-section when a dielectric tube is coaxially placed inside it is analysed. It is further shown that the analysis can be adapted to estimate a similar change in the case of a cylindrical cross-capacitor of the Thompson type.

The infrared and laser Raman spectra of K 2 Zn(SO 4 ) 2 .6H 2 O

Abstract: The Raman spectra of the single crystal of K2Zn(SO4)2·6H2O belonging toC 2 5 space group in the 40–1200 cm−1 region in different scattering geometries and their spectra ofthe microcrystalline salt in the 1500-50 cm−1 region have been reported. The dynamics of the crystal has been described in terms of 186 phonon modes under the unit cell approximation. The weak bands in the region 400–900 cm−1 have been assigned to the libratory modes of H2O molecules in contradiction to the assignments reported by Ananthanarayanan. The ambiguities existing in the literature about the assignments ofν 2 andν 5 modes of [Zn(H2O)6]2+ have also been removed. The translatory and libratory modes of different units of the crystal have been identified and assignments are made using farir and Raman data on various isomorphous tutton salts. It has been inferred that both SO 4 2− tetrahedron and [Zn(H2O)6]2+ octahedron undergo linear as well as angular distortions from their free state symmetries in the crystal.

Effect of temperature and humidity on the development and fertility-fecundity ofAerida exaltata Walk.

Abstract: The effect of temperature and humidity onAcrida exaltata Walk. has been studied to have two aspects in relation to (i) its effect on hopper development and (ii) its effects on the fertility-fecundity. The rate of development was affected by the moisture present in the environment. No development took place at 0%, 10% and 20% RH. Most desirable range of humidity was between 50–70% RH. Development took place at 20°, 30°, 35° and 40° C in 92·8, 74·8, 71·8 and 66·6 days in males and 101·0, 86·4, 85·6 and 75·2 days in females. Percentage of hoppers reaching the adult stage, longevity of adults, average number of copulation and average number of eggpods per female was influenced by the temperature.

Fatty acid composition of Hibiscus ficulneus seed oil

Abstract: The fatty acid composition of seed oil from Hibiscus ficulneus (Malvaceae) was analysed by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. In addition to normal saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, three hydrogen bromide-reactive fatty acids were also identified. These were shown to be epoxyoleic (4.9%), malvalic (4.2%), and sterculic (1.0%) acids. Seed oils of Vernonia anthelmintica and Sterculia foetida were used as reference standards.

Paleohydrology of Permian Gondwana Streams in Bokaro Basin, Bihar

Abstract: The clastic assemblage of Lower Permian Karharbari (70 m thick) and Barakar (800 m thick) Formations of the East Bokaro Basin shows a progressive upward decrease in grain size and scale of cross-bedding, illustrating a fining upward mega-cycle. A paleo-flow analysis reveals that the Gondwana sediments were deposited by streams which flowed towards north-northwest. The azimuthal variability is 2240 for Karharbari, 3304 for Lower Barakar and 4429 for Upper Barakar. Empirical relationships from modern streams are used to estimate various channel morphological and hydraulic attributes of ancient Karharbari and Barakar streams. Results indicate a progressive decrease in channel width and depth, channel slope. flow velocity and Froude number, with consequent increase in sediment load parameter, channel sinuosity for the Gondwana streams. as sedimentation continued from Karharbari through Lower to Upper Barakar. It is suggested that amelioration of climate through time possibly had a great control on river metamorphosis and sedimentation than tectonism.