Showing papers by "Aligarh Muslim University published in 1996"
TL;DR: There is an urgent need to develop some easy technologies for formulation and mass production of fungi at a commercial scale for field application and some of these fungi may be used in integrated nematode management programmes despite some obstacles.
199 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorbed Cr(VI) on phosphate treated sawdust was recovered (87%) using 0.01 M sodium hydroxide using batch as well as column processes, and the effect of various adsorbent doses at pH 2 confirms Langmuir adsorption isotherms.
175 citations
TL;DR: The most economic level of fly ash incorporation was 40%, which improved the yield and market value of tomato fruits (mean weight) by 81 and 30%, respectively.
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors generalize these sets and define E ( u ; Δ 2 )={ x : ǫ u · Δ 2 x ∈ E }, where u =( u k ) is another sequence such that u k ≠0 (k =1, 2,…).
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of an aircraft crash upon an outer containment of a nuclear power plant is presented and the effect of target yielding is considered simultaneously by calculating the reaction time in a time marching scheme.
79 citations
TL;DR: Neem and castor oilcakes were the most effective in reducing plant-parasitic nematodes, however, amendment to soil of composted manure and urea was found to be beneficial in increasing free-living nematode.
73 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, Aminobenzothiazole (ABT), 2-amino-6-chlorobensothiazoles (ACLBT), AMBT, AMEOBT, and AMBT have been synthesized and their inhibitive action on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 m HCl has been evaluated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization studies and hydrogen permeation measurements.
Abstract: Compounds such as 2-aminobenzothiazole (ABT), 2-amino-6-chlorobenzothiazole (ACLBT), 2-amino-6-methyl benzothiazole (AMEBT) and 2-amino-6-methoxy benzothiazole (AMEOBT) have been synthesized and their inhibitive action on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 m HCl has been evaluated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization studies and hydrogen permeation measurements. Determination of inhibition efficiency in the presence of these compounds at different temperatures clearly indicates that ACLBT shows the best performance, even at a temperature as high as 60°C. Potentiodynamic polarization studies reveal the fact that ABT and its derivatives act as cathodic inhibitors. All these compounds are found to reduce the permeation of hydrogen through mild steel in HCl solution. The adsorption of these compounds on mild steel from HCl solutions obeys Temkin's adsorption isotherm. The adsorption of 2-amino benzothiazole on the mild steel has been substantiated by Auger electron spectroscopy.
63 citations
TL;DR: High performance liquid chromatography analysis of water samples by the liquid extraction procedure indicated the presence of several pesticides such as DDT, alpha-BHC, aldrin, endrin and dieldrin at concentrations of 1.36, 1.38, 0.61 and 0.41 ppb.
Abstract: Water samples were collected from the river Ganga at Narora (U.P.). High performance liquid chromatography analysis of water samples by the liquid extraction procedure indicated the presence of several pesticides such as DDT, α-BHC, aldrin, endrin and dieldrin at concentrations of 1.36, 1.38, 0.95, 0.61 and 0.41 ppb, respectively. The organophosphorus pesticides such as dimethoate and methyl parathion also appear to be present at concentrations of 0.20 and 0.41 ppb, respectively. The XAD water concentrates and liquid-liquid extracted water samples were assayed for mutagenic potential by the Ames Salmonella/microsome test. The test samples exhibited a significant degree of mutagenicity with TA102, TA100 and TA98 strains both in the presence and absence of DNA repair defective mutants, recA, lexA and polA of E. coli was observed as compared to their wild-type countepart in the presence of XAD water concentrates.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the kinetics of adsorption of the pesticide phosphamidon on beads of antimoy (V) phosphate cation exchanger have been studied, and the results show that the adaption behavior is second order during the first 15 min and thereafter, up to 180 min, it is first order.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermohydraulic performance of packed-bed solar air heaters has been investigated and the effective efficiency has been employed to express the net useful thermal energy gain taking into account the equivalent thermal energy required to produce the work energy necessary to overcome the additional friction or hydraulic losses as a result of packing the solar air heater duct with absorber matrices.
56 citations
TL;DR: Simultaneous use of biocontrol agents against pathogens gave better control than their individual application in management of wilt disease complex of pigeonpea caused by the nematode Heterodera cajani and the fungus Fusarium udum.
Abstract: Glomus mosseae, Trichoderma harzianum, and Verticillium chlamydosporium were used alone and in combination for the management of wilt disease complex of pigeonpea caused by the nematode Heterodera cajani and the fungus Fusarium udum. Treatment of plants inoculated with pathogens increased plant length, shoot dry weight, number of nodules, and reduced nematode multiplication and wilting index. Simultaneous use of biocontrol agents against pathogens gave better control than their individual application. T. harzianum had an adverse effect on root colonizaiton by G. mosseae. Parasitism of nematodes by V. chlamydosporium was also reduced in the presence of T. harzianum. The highest reduction in nematode multiplication was observed when all three biocontrol agents were used together.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluate the effectiveness of 2-amino 4-phenyl thiazde (APT) and its three anils as inhibitors for the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl.
Abstract: Aims to evaluate the effectiveness of 2‐amino 4‐phenyl thiazde (APT) and its three anils as inhibitors for the corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl. Discusses the variation of inhibition efficiency with temperature. Gives account of experimental procedures on mild steel strips for weight loss measurements and potentiodynamic polarization studies.
TL;DR: In this paper, a tetraiminehexaazamacrocyclic complexes [M 2 LX 4 ] (M = Co II, Ni II and Zn II ) and [Cu 2 LX 2 ] 2+ (X = Cl or NO 3 ) have been prepared by the condensation reaction of diethylenetriamine with phthalaldehyde in the presence of metal ions as templates in methanol medium.
TL;DR: The plants of mustard were treated with 0, 25 and 50 ΜM gibberellic acid (GA3) at three fully developed leaf stage and treatment enhanced all the characteristics studied.
Abstract: The plants of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) were treated with 0, 25 and 50 ΜM gibberellic acid (GA3) at three fully developed leaf stage (30 d after sowing). Effect of GA3 on carbonic anhydrase activity, photosynthetic rate, leaf area index and dry mass was studied at 50, 70 and 90 d after sowing. At harvest 1000 seed mass, pod number and seed yield were recorded. GA3 treatment (50 ΜM) enhanced all the characteristics studied.
TL;DR: In this paper, three distinct granitoid suites have been identified within the Bundelkhand massif hornblende granitoids, biotite granitoidal and leucogranitoid, in order of decreasing age.
Abstract: The Bundelkhand massif of Archean-Palaeoproterozoic age is primarily a granite-gneiss complex. Three distinct granitoid suites have been identified within the massif hornblende granitoids, biotite granitoids and leucogranitoids, in order of decreasing age. These granitoids were emplaced in previously deformed basement consisting of gneisses, banded iron formations and other metasediments, mafic to felsic volcanics.
The granitoids exhibit a large compositional range from quartz diorite to syenogranite and show a calc-alkaline trend. They are metaluminous to peraluminous and have I-type characteristics. The SiO2 content ranges from 49 to 77 wt%. Low K2O/Na2O characterizes the granitoids. The oldest hornblende granitoids have low Rb and Yb contents compared to the younger biotite granitoids and leucogranitoids. Rb/Sr values for most of the granitoids are low ( 1.2 which is a characteristic feature of magmas derived from sources chemically similar to island arc or continental margin basalts.
The features mentioned above coupled with concentrations of Rb, Y, Nb, Yb, Ta and Th indicate a volcanic-arc tectonic setting for the granitoids. It is proposed that the massif represents subduction-related magmatism of an ocean in the southern part of the massif (an Andean plate margin).
TL;DR: In this article, the results of measurements on the traces of uranium found in 24 water samples collected from various sources in four important cities of Uttar Pradesh (India). The sources of water samples were municipal taps, private hand pumps, jet pumps and natural rivers, etc.
TL;DR: In this article, high speed streams detected in the solar wind plasma have been classified into two classes, coronal hole and solar flare associated streams, based on their source of origin, and field parameters of these streams such as speed, field strength and its variance have been utilized in a systematic manner in order to see their effects in cosmic ray modulation.
Abstract: Based on their source of origin, high speed streams detected in the solar wind plasma have been classified into two classes, coronal hole and solar flare associated streams. Observed heliospheric plasma and field parameters of these streams such as speed, field strength and its variance have been utilized in a systematic manner in order to see their effects in cosmic ray modulation. It is found that flare associated streams are much more effective in modulation than streams from coronal holes. Inspite of the possibility that solar wind structures during two types of streams might be different, the field variance appears to be the most cricial parameter responsible for this difference in their effectiveness in modulation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed optimal accelerated life test designs for Burr Type XII distributions under periodic inspection and Type I censoring, where the mean lifetime (the Burr XII scale parameter) is a log-linear function of stress and the shape parameters are independent of stress.
Abstract: This article develops optimal accelerated life test designs for Burr Type XII distributions under periodic inspection and Type I censoring. It is assumed that the mean lifetime (the Burr XII scale parameter) is a log-linear function of stress and that the shape parameters are independent of stress. For given shape parameters, design stress and high test stress, the test design is optimized with respect to the low test stress and the proportion of test units allocated to the low stress. The optimality criterion is the asymptotic variance of the maximum-likelihood estimator of log mean life at the design stress with the use of equally spaced inspection times. Computational results for various values of the shape parameters show that this criterion is insensitive to the number of inspection times and to misspecification of imputed failure probabilities at the design and high test stresses. Procedures for planning an accelerated life test, including selection of sample size, are also discussed. It is shown that optimal designs previously obtained for exponential and Weibull distributions are similar to those obtained here for the appropriate special cases of the Burr XII distribution. Thus the Burr XII distribution is a useful and widely applicable family of reliability models for ALT design. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TL;DR: The addition of 20 mM nitrogen (in the form of NaNO3) inhibited after 50 d the activities of carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase and net photosynthetic rate as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In mustard(Brassica juncea L.) addition of 20 mM nitrogen (in the form of NaNO3) inhibited after 50 d the activities of carbonic anhydrase and nitrate reductase and net photosynthetic rate. However, when nitrogen was applied in association with the foliar spray of gibberellic acid, the inhibition was reversed and the above parameters and also leaf area index and dry mass were enhanced.
TL;DR: The distribution of the various fatty acids on the glycerol “backbone” was supported by the results from the13C NMR spectroscopic analysis of the TAG molecules of type AAA, which had a random distribution of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, of which oleic acid was the predominant component.
Abstract: Methyl ricinoleate (1) was treated with bromine and the dibromo derivative (2) was reacted with ethanolic KOH under ultrasonic irradiation to give 12-hydroxy-octadec-9-ynoic acid upon acidification with dil. HCl. The latter compound was methylated with BF3/methanol to give methyl 12-hydroxy-octadec-9-ynoate (3). Compound3 was treated with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine in CH2Cl2 to give methyl 12-mesyloxy-octadec-9-ynoate (4). Reaction of methyl 12-mesyloxy-octadec-9-ynoate with aqueous KOH under ultrasonic irradiation (20 kHz) gave (11E)-octadecen-9-ynoic acid (5, santalbic acid, 40%) and (11Z)-octadecen-9-ynoic acid (6, 60%) on acidification with dil. HCl. These isomers were separated by urea fractionation. The13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic properties of the methyl ester and the triacylglycerol (TAG) esters of these enynoic fatty acid isomers were studied. The carbon shifts of the unsaturated carbon nuclei of the methyl ester of theE-isomer were unambiguously assigned as 88.547 (C-9), 79.287 (C-10), 109.760 (C-11), and 143.450 (C-12) ppm while the unsaturated carbon shifts of the (Z)-enynoate isomer appeared at 94.277 (C-9), 77.561 (C-10), 109.297 (C-11), and 142.668 (C-12) ppm. In the13C NMR spectral analysis of the TAG molecules of type AAA containing either the (Z)-or (E)-enyne fatty acid, the C-1 to C-6 carbon atoms on the α- and β-acyl positions were differentiated. The unsaturated carbon atoms in the α- and β-acyl chains were also resolved into two signals except that of the C-11 olefinic carbon. Sandal (Santalum album) wood seed oil (a source of santalbic acid) was separated by silica chromatography into three fractions. The least polar fraction (7.2 wt%) contained TAG which had a random distribution of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, of which oleic acid (69%) was the predominant component. The second fraction (3.8 wt%) contained santalbic acid (58%) and oleic acid (28%) together with some other normal fatty acids. Santalbic acid in this fraction was found in both the α- and β-acyl positions of the glycerol “backbone”. The most polar fraction (89 wt%) consisted of TAG containing santalbic acid only. The distribution of the various fatty acids on the glycerol “backbone” was supported by the results from the13C NMR spectroscopic analysis.
TL;DR: The Sp-PEDA-INV preparation exhibited highest yield of immobilization, η value, and thermal and storage stability, and all of the immobilized preparations exhibited higher stability against heat and urea-induced inactivation as compared to native invertase.
TL;DR: Research on the utilization of waste materials such as oilseed cakes, chitin, compost, livestock and poultry manures, and cellulosic wastes appears promising for reducing populations of plant-parasitic nematodes.
Abstract: The addition of organic materials to soil has been used in managing plant-parasitic nematodes and has resulted in increased crop yield. Research on the utilization of waste materials such as oilseed cakes, chitin, compost, livestock and poultry manures, and cellulosic wastes appears promising for reducing populations of plant-parasitic nematodes. Nitrogen based amendments, plant phenolics, nematotoxic chemicals, development of predators and parasites of nematodes and microorganism stimulation have been considered to be promising agents for nematode management. In addition, organic amendments change the physical as well as the trophic structure of soil, which affects the pathogen development and overall plant growth performance. Mechanisms of action of organic soil amendments in relation to nematode management are yet to be fully explored.
TL;DR: Several lines of evidence are presented that strongly suggest that molecular oxygen is not essential for DNA cleavage and that thiyl radicals may also be involved and that glutathione may substitute oxygen as an electron acceptor.
Abstract: Previous studies by others have shown that thiols, such as glutathione, cause cleavage of DNA in the presence of Cu(II) ions and that the hydroxyl radical derived from molecular oxygen is the major cleaving species. In this paper, we present several lines of evidence that strongly suggest that molecular oxygen is not essential for DNA cleavage and that thiyl radicals may also be involved. Indirect evidence is presented to indicate that glutathione may substitute oxygen as an electron acceptor. In addition, DNA degradation occurs to a significant extent under anaerobic conditions and no inhibition of single-strand cleavage of supercoiled plasmid DNA is seen in the presence of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In view of the ubiquitous presence of glutathione, these results could be of interest under certain diseased conditions where copper concentrations are elevated.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of varying levels of fly ash (FA) on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and available major plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) was investigated in an alkaline fine sandy loam soil of Aligarh district (U.P).
Abstract: The effect of varying levels of fly ash (FA) on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and available major plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) was investigated in an alkaline fine sandy loam soil of Aligarh district (U.P) The results show a decrease in soil pH and increase in EC with the increasing doses of FA. The effect on the availability of NH 4 + -N and NO 3 - -N and K + followed the order 7.5 > 5.0 > 2.5 > 0.0 > 10.0 > 12.5 > 15.0 > 30.0 gm kg-1 soil where as NO 2 - - N was in the depressed state with respect to control on the increasing doses of FA. The trend on the availability of P followed the order 7.5 > 5.0 > 2.5 > 10.0 > 12.5 > 15.0 > 30.0 > 0.0 (control) gm kg -1 soil. The available phosphorus increased with the increasing doses up to 7.5 gm kg -1 and thereafter it decreased with the increasing doses of FA but remained in higher amounts than the control.
TL;DR: In a field trial conducted during 1992-93 and 1993-94, the effect of basal (B) nitrogen (N) and foliar application (F) of water (W) or 10 kg N ha -1 and 400 or 600 ppm ethrel (E) (2-Chloro ethyl phosphonic acid) at 70 days after sowing was studied on leaf area index and dry mass at 90 days as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: In a field trial conducted during 1992-93 and 1993-94, the effect of basal (B) nitrogen (N) (45 and 60 kg N ha -1 ) and foliar application (F) of water (W) or 10 kg N ha -1 and 400 or 600 ppm ethrel (E) (2-Chloro ethyl phosphonic acid) at 70 days after sowing was studied on leaf area index and dry mass at 90 days and pod number per plant, seeds per pod, 1000 seed weight, seed yield, oil content and oil yield at harvest of mustard (Brassica juncea L Czem & Coss) cv T-59 Recommended basal (B) application of 90 kg N ha -1 (BN 90 ) was used as control On the basis of 2 year data it was found that basal application of 60 kg N and foliar spray of 10 kg N ha -1 and 600 ppm ethrel gave higher values for growth and yield characteristics and enhanced seed yield and oil yield by 125 and 148 %, respectively, over control BN 90
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the conductivities of face centered cubic Ag{sub 2}HgI{sub 4}-Cu{ sub 2} HgI-sub 4 systems doped with Cd{sup 2+}, K{sup +, and Na{sup+} ions.
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to throw light on household environmental conditions, their relationship to income and their effect on health in Aligarh City, India, where one hundred and twenty households belonging to different economic strata were surveyed.
08 Jan 1996
TL;DR: In this article, a low-pass filter was proposed using the distribution line as a low pass filter to control the transient inrush current in a three-phase transformer, when it was switched, inrush currents flowed in either one or two phase windings.
Abstract: Repeated switching of distribution transformers take place due to poor generation and load shedding. The transformers mounted on electric locomotives are also regularly reswitched after crossing each buffer zone between two substations. The steady state magnetizing current of a transformer is about 5% of the full load current, but the transient inrush current may be as high as ten times the full-load current. The switching instant decides the nature and magnitude of the switching current and it is used here to control the inrush current. Another method is adopted by placing a capacitor at the secondary side of the unloaded transformer connected at the sending or receiving end of the distribution line. A third method is proposed using the distribution line as a low-pass filter. In the case of a three-phase transformer, when it is switched, inrush current flows in either one or two phase windings. Instead of simultaneous switching of all the phases (windings), each winding of the transformer is switched at predetermined switching instants sequentially. Thus inrush currents are contained to a steady-state level using an instant-controlled switching circuit. Switching of all phases completes within 1/3 or 1/4 of the power-cycle depending upon the mode of transformer configuration and the switching strategy. The switching current is found to be the same as the steady-state no-load current. These schemes are useful for traction transformers as well as for poorly supplied and poorly maintained distribution lines including traction lines which are subjected to repeated switching.
TL;DR: Sorption equilibria of cobalt(II) on two types of soils have been studied at 30°C and 50°C by a batch process as mentioned in this paper, and the sorption data are analyzed in terms of sorption isotherms, the Langmuir equation, the distribution coefficient and various thermodynamic parameters.