Showing papers by "Aligarh Muslim University published in 2000"
TL;DR: The ability of fruit peel of orange to remove Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb and Cr from aqueous solution by adsorption was studied and the extent of removal was found to be dependent on sorbent dose, initial concentration, pH and temperature.
465 citations
TL;DR: The mode of action of organic amendments leading to plant disease control and stimulation of microorganisms is complex and dependent on the nature of the amendments.
449 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the structural features of tannic acid that are important for its anti-oxidant action are also those that contribute to the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of Cu(II).
221 citations
TL;DR: Metal resistance was found to be plasmid mediated as evidenced by transformation studies and the transmissible nature of chromium resistance was confirmed by conjugation.
Abstract: Heavy metal concentrations in soil treated with industrial wastewater of Aligarh City (U.P.), India were determined. The analysis of test samples revealed high levels of Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu. A total of 45 Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from soil and were characterized on the basis of morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. MICs of Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and Zn2+ for each isolate were determined. Eighty percent of the strains isolated from soil harboured resistance to copper, whereas 73.3% of the isolates exhibited resistance to cadmium, 71.1% to chromium and zinc and 48.8% to mercury. A maximum MIC of 200 μg/ml for mercury and 1600 μg/ml for other metals was observed. Metal resistance was found to be plasmid mediated as evidenced by transformation studies. Further, the transmissible nature of chromium resistance was confirmed by conjugation. Agarose gel electrophoresis using the miniprep method for plasmid isolation revealed that these isolates harboured plasmids of molecular weights (45 & 47 kb) using EcoRI and HindIII digests of λDNA and undigested λDNA as standard markers.
153 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report the cloud point phenomenon with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate in combination with a few symmetrical quaternary bromides.
Abstract: Clouding phenomena generally occur with nonionic surfactants when the temperature of the system is raised to a certain value. This critical temperature is termed the cloud point (CP). Here we report the CP phenomenon with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate in combination with a few symmetrical quaternary bromides (tetra-n-butylammonium/phosphonium and tetra-n-amylammonium bromides). The CP has been found to depend upon the nature and concentration of the salt and the surfactant concentration. The CP appearance in these systems is discussed in terms of increased hydrophobic interactions due to the alkyl chains of the quaternary bromides. Measurements show that the viscosity either increases or decreases as the system approaches the CP. Most of the organic additives (aliphatic alcohols (C6−C8), amines (C6−C8), and hydrocarbons (n-hexane and n-heptane)) generally decrease the CP, while nonelectrolytes increase or decrease the CP depending upon their effect on water structure or interaction with the an...
134 citations
TL;DR: The adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems of Jang is extended to the generalized ANFIS (GANFIS) by proposing a generalized fuzzy model (GFM) and considering a generalized radial basis function (GRBF) network.
Abstract: The adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) of Jang (1993) is extended to the generalized ANFIS (GANFIS) by proposing a generalized fuzzy model (GFM) and considering a generalized radial basis function (GRBF) network. The GFM encompasses both the Takagi-Sugeno (TS)-model and the compositional rule of inference (CRI) model. The conditions by which the proposed GFM converts to TS-model or the CRI-model are presented. The basis function in GRBF is a generalized Gaussian function of three parameters. The architecture of the GRBF network is devised to learn the parameters of GFM, where the GRBF network and GFM have been proved to be functionally equivalent. It Is shown that GRBF network can be reduced to either the standard RBF or the Hunt's RBF network. The issue of the normalized versus the non-normalized GRBF networks is investigated in the context of GANFIS. An interesting property of symmetry on the error surface of GRBF network is investigated. The proposed GANFIS is applied to the modeling of a multivariable system like stock market.
130 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce a system of vector equilibrium problems and prove the existence of a solution for the Nash equilibrium problem as a special case of the system of variational inequalities.
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a system of vector equilibrium problems andprove the existence of a solution. As an application, we derive someexistence results for the system of vector variational inequalities. We alsoestablish some existence results for the system of vector optimizationproblems, which includes the Nash equilibrium problem as a special case.
129 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the beads of hybrid inorganic ion exchanger: styrene supported zirconium (IV) tungstophosphate for a pesticide phosphamidon at 30, 45 and 60°C.
128 citations
TL;DR: A comparison of the effects of various potassium salts revealed that anions were chiefly responsible in stabilizing HSA, suggesting that preferential binding of anions to HSA rather than hydration, was primarily responsible for stabilization.
Abstract: The unfolding of human serum albumin (HSA), a multidomain protein, by urea was followed by far-UV circular dichroism (CD), intrinsic fluorescence, and ANS fluorescence measurements. The urea-induced transition, which otherwise was a two-step process with a stable intermediate at around 4.8 M urea concentration as monitored by far-UV CD and intrinsic fluorescence, underwent a single-step cooperative transition in the presence of 1.0 M KCl. The free energy of stabilization (DeltaDelta G(H2O)D) in the presence of 1 M KCl was found to be 1,090 and 1,200 cal/mol as determined by CD and fluorescence, respectively. The salt stabilization occurred in the first transition (0-5.0 M urea), which corresponded to the formation of intermediate (I) state from the native (N) state, whereas the second transition, corresponding to the unfolding of I state to denatured (D) state, remained unaffected. Urea denaturation of HSA as monitored by tryptophan fluorescence of the lone tryptophan residue (Trp(214)) residing in domain II of the protein, followed a single-step transition suggesting that domain(s) I and/or III is (are) involved in the intermediate formation. This was also confirmed by the acrylamide quenching of tryptophan fluorescence at 5 M urea, which exhibited little change in the value of Stern-Volmer constant. ANS fluorescence data also showed single-step transition reflecting the absence of accumulation of hydrophobic patches. The stabilizing potential of various salts studied by far-UV CD and intrinsic fluorescence was found to follow the order: NaClO(4) > NaSCN >Na(2)SO(4) >KBr >KCl >KF. A comparison of the effects of various potassium salts revealed that anions were chiefly responsible in stabilizing HSA. The above series was found similar to the electroselectivity series of anions towards the anion-exchange resins and reverse of the Hofmeister series, suggesting that preferential binding of anions to HSA rather than hydration, was primarily responsible for stabilization. Further, single-step transition observed with GdnHCl can be ascribed to its ionic character as the free energy change associated with urea denaturation in the presence of 1.0 M KCl (5,980 cal/mol) was similar to that obtained with GdnHCl (5,870 cal/mol).
122 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that resveratrol catalyzes the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I), which is accompanied by the formation of 'oxidized product(s)' of resver atrol, which in turn also appear to catalyze the Reduction of Cu (II).
119 citations
TL;DR: The corrosion inhibition behavior of substituted dithiurets, namely, -1,5-diphenyl-2,4-dithiobiuret (DPDTB), 1-tolyl-5-phenyl- 2, 4-Dithiibeuret, TPDTB, APDTB, 1-anisidyl-5-,phenyl -2, 4-, 2.4-, and 1-chorophenyl -5-dimethyl-2-4-diibeurets (CPDTB) were studied
Abstract: The corrosion inhibition behaviour of some substituted dithiobiurets, namely, -1,5-diphenyl-2,4-dithiobiuret (DPDTB), 1-tolyl-5-phenyl-2,4-dithiobiuret (TPDTB), 1-anisidyl-5-phenyl-2,4-dithiobiuret (APDTB), 1-chorophenyl-5-diphenyl-2,4-dithiobiuret (CPDTB) were studied in 1 to 5 M HCl on mild steel. The characteristics of these compounds are explained in terms of factors such as inhibitor concentration, acid concentration, temperature, immersion time and molecular structure. Potentiodynamic polarization and a.c. impedance techniques were used to investigate the inhibition mechanism. Among the compounds studied APDTB exhibited the best performance giving more than 98% inhibition efficiency (IE) in HCl solutions. DPDTB and CPDTB were found to reduce hydrogen permeation through mild steel in HCl solutions. The adsorption of APDTB was also confirmed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).
TL;DR: The insect protease appears to be potentially useful as an additive in detergent, stain remover and other bio‐formulations, and was also effective in cleaving various protein substrates tested, implying broader substrate specificity and effectiveness of the protease against a wide variety of stains.
Abstract: Some properties of the purified alkaline protease from larvae of the insect Spilosoma obliqua (Lepidoptera) and its potential application as an additive in various bio-formulations are reported. The novel feature of the present study is the use of insect protease. The protease was found to be compatible with some of the commercial detergents tested, and was also effective in cleaving various protein substrates tested, albeit to different extents, implying broader substrate specificity and effectiveness of the protease against a wide variety of stains. This property of the protease can also be exploited by using it as an active component in enzymic debriders in view of its ability to digest various protein substrates. The insect protease appears to be potentially useful as an additive in detergent, stain remover and other bio-formulations.
TL;DR: Maximum increase over control was found in 60-d-old, 10−8 M-HBR-treated plants in fresh and dry mass per plant, carbonic anhydrase activity, and net photosynthetic rate (PN), at harvest in number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant.
Abstract: Thirty-day-old plants of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) were sprayed with 10−10, 10−8, or 10−6 M aqueous solution of 28-homobrassinolide (HBR). The HBR-treated plants were healthier than those treated with water and yielded more. Maximum increase over control was found in 60-d-old, 10−8 M-HBR-treated plants in fresh and dry mass per plant, carbonic anhydrase (CA, E.C. 4.2.1.1) activity, and net photosynthetic rate (PN), at harvest in number of pods per plant and seed yield per plant (the respective values were 25, 30, 34, 69, 24, and 29 %). A further increase in the concentration of HBR (10−6 M) did not make any additional impact on the growth and yield. Increased CA activity and PN were correlated with growth and seed yield.
TL;DR: In this paper, 2,4-dicinnamyledene aminophenylene (DCAP) was found to be the best corrosion inhibitor for mild steel and oil-well steel.
Abstract: Selected condensation products of aromatic aldehydes and p-phenylenediamine have been synthesized and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel (MS) and oil-well steel (N-80) in 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 105°C ± 2°C by the weight loss method. All the condensation products showed excellent performance. 2,4-dicinnamyledene aminophenylene (DCAP) was found to be the best corrosion inhibitor. It exhibited 99.75% inhibition efficiency (IE) for MS and 99.12% for N-80 steel at 5,000 ppm of inhibitor concentration. The potentiodynamic polarization studies carried out at room temperature on MS in 15% HCl containing 500 ppm of condensation products showed that all the investigated compounds were mixed type inhibitors, whereas 500 ppm DCAP on N-80 steel behaved predominantly as anodic inhibitors. The adsorption of all the condensation products was found to obey Temkin's adsorption isotherm.
TL;DR: It is established that the approximate solutions obtained by the iterative algorithm converge to the exact solution of the generalized nonlinear variational inclusion.
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider vector equilibrium problems and prove the existence of their solutions in the setting of Hausdorff topological vector spaces and derive some existence results for the scalar and vector variational inequalities.
Abstract: In this paper, we consider vector equilibrium problems and prove the existence of their solutions in the setting of Hausdorff topological vector spaces. We also derive some existence results for the scalar and vector variational inequalities.
TL;DR: Alcoholic extract of Plumbago zeylanica (root) was tested against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria and exhibited strong antibacterial activity against all test bacteria irrespective of their antibiotic resistance behaviour.
Abstract: Alcoholic extract of Plumbago zeylanica (root) was tested against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of bacteria (Salmonella paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae and a R-plasmid-harbouring standard strain, E.coli x+). The extract exhibited strong antibacterial activity against all test bacteria irrespective of their antibiotic resistance behaviour. Phytochemical analysis of crude extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and naphthoquinone. A comparative evaluation of R-plasmid elimination from E. coli x+ (pUK 651) by the plant extract, DNA intercalating dyes (acridine orange and ethidium bromide) and a DNA gyrase antagonizing drug (pefloxacin) were made. All these agents could cure R-plasmid effectively at their respective sub-MIC concentrations. Maximum plasmid curing was observed by pefloxacin (88%), followed by ethidium bromide (36%), acridine orange (14%) and alcoholic extract of P. zeylanica (14%). Curing of plasmid pUK651 from E. coli x+ was confirmed by determining the loss of resistance markers in the cured derivative culture.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the liposomes made of lipids derived from S. cerevisiae can spontaneously fuse with macrophages, delivering a significant portion of their contents into the cytoplasmic compartment of the cells.
Abstract: In the majority of bacterial and viral infections the generation of cytotoxic T cells is of particular interest because such pathogens are able to escape the host defence mechanisms by surviving intracellularly within the phagocytic cells. To generate a CD8+ T lymphocyte response against exogenous antigens, the prerequisite is their delivery into the cytosol followed by processing and presentation along with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecules. In the present study we describe the method of liposome-based delivery of antigens and other macromolecules into the cytosol of target cells. To develop safe and effective methods for generating CD8+ T lymphocytes, we exploited the fusogenic character of lipids derived from lower organisms, that is baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The degree of fusion with model membrane systems using yeast lipid liposomes varied from 40-70%, as opposed to 1-8% observed with egg PtdCho liposomes, depending on the assay system used. The fusion of yeast lipid liposomes with macrophages resulted in effective delivery of the entrapped solutes into the cytoplasmic compartment. This was further supported by the inhibition of cellular protein synthesis in J774 A1 cells by ricin A, encapsulated in the yeast lipid liposomes. Interestingly, the model antigen ovalbumin, when entrapped in the yeast lipid liposomes, successfully elicited antigen reactive CD8+ T cell responses. It may be concluded that the liposomes made of lipids derived from S. cerevisiae can spontaneously fuse with macrophages, delivering a significant portion of their contents into the cytoplasmic compartment of the cells.
TL;DR: Urea-induced structural transitions in different domains of bovine serum albumin were studied fluorometrically using domain specific ligands; chloroform, bilirubin, and diazepam to suggest major conformational changes in domain III and partial but significant loss of native conformation in domain I prior to intermediate formation.
TL;DR: In this paper, three fatty acid triazoles, namely, 3undecane-4-aryl-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (Triazole), 3deca-9-ene)-4-methyl-8-ene (deca 9-ene), 4-hexadeca-8ene, 4-methylhexadecane (4-hexane), 5-methyl hexadecene (5-hexadescene), and 3-deca9-en-ene, 5-mer
Abstract: Three fatty acid triazoles, namely, 3-undecane-4-aryl-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (triazole 1), 3(heptadeca-8-ene)-4-aryl-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (triazole 2), and 3(deca-9-ene)-4-aryl-5-mercapto-1,2-4-triazole (triazole 3) were synthesized and their corrosion-inhibiting action in 15% hydrochloric acid was evaluated by weight-loss method and electrochemical techniques. Electrochemical polarization studies at room temperature indicated that all the triazoles are mixed-type inhibitors, i.e., they inhibit both anodic and cathodic reactions. The adsorption of these compounds onto mild steel from 15% HCl followed Temkin's adsorption isotherm.
TL;DR: In this paper, a detailed experimental investigation of the quasi-static lateral crushing of composite cylindrical tubes between flat platens has been carried out and a mathematical model for predicting the peak collapse load and the post collapse load has been developed.
TL;DR: In this article, a multifunctional current mode filter using three current controlled conveyors and two grounded capacitors is described, which realizes high pass, band pass and low pass second order current transfer functions and provides independent pole-ω 0, and pole-Q 0 tuning through external current control.
Abstract: A multifunctional current mode filter using three current controlled conveyors and two grounded capacitors is described. The filter realizes high pass, band pass and low pass second order current transfer functions, and provides independent pole-ω 0, and pole-Q 0 tuning through external current control. The filter also displays low incremental parameter sensitivities. The simulation results on the filter support the theory.
TL;DR: In this article, the equivalence among the Minty vector variational-like inequality, the Stampacchia variational like inequality, and a non-convex vector optimization problem is established.
Abstract: In this paper, we prove the equivalence among the Minty vector variational-like inequality, Stampacchia vector variational-like inequality, and a nondifferentiable and nonconvex vector optimization problem. By using a fixed-point theorem, we establish also an existence theorem for generalized weakly efficient solutions to the vector optimization problem for nondifferentiable and nonconvex functions.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors introduce the system of generalized implicit variational inequalities and prove the existence of its solution, and derive existence results for systems of generalized variational and variational like inequalities.
Abstract: In this paper, we first introduce the system of generalized implicit variational inequalities and prove the existence of its solution. Then we derive existence results for systems of generalized variational and variational like inequalities and system of variational inequalities. As applications, we establish some existence results for a solution to the system of optimization problems which includes the Nash equilibrium problem as a special case
TL;DR: Three simple and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of diltiazem hydrochloride either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations and showed absorbance maxima at 415 nm for all three methods.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of various alcohols (trifluoroethanol (TFE), butanol, propanol, ethanol and methanol) and salts (K3FeCN6, Na2SO4, KClO4 and KCl) on the acid-induced state of α-chymotrypsinogen A, a predominantly β-sheet protein, at pH 2.0 by near-UV circular dichroism (CD), far-UV CD and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid
TL;DR: In this paper, the concept of η-subdifferential was introduced and a perturbed algorithm was proposed for finding the approximate solutions of strongly nonlinear variational-like inclusions and proved that these approximate solutions converge to the exact solution.
Abstract: In this paper, we define the concept of η- subdifferential in a more general setting than the one used by Yang and Craven in 1991. By using η-subdifferentiability, we suggest a perturbed algorithm for finding the approximate solutions of strongly nonlinear variational-like inclusions and prove that these approximate solutions converge to the exact solution. Several special cases are also discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, Cationic micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Cetylpyridinium brameride (CPB) increase the pseudo-first-order rate constant for the addition-elimination type interaction between aspartic acid and ninhydrin leading to the formation of purple colored diketohydrindylidenediket-et-drugs (DYDA).
TL;DR: In the presence of quaternary bromides, viscosity profiles show an increase, a plateau, and slower decrease regions as mentioned in this paper, and the appearance of these regions has been found to be dependent on the chain length of the R-part and [quaternary Bromide].
Abstract: Viscometry under Newtonian flow conditions has been used to study morphological changes in 0.3 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar solutions in the presence of aliphatic amines (n-heptyl, C7NH2, or n-octyl, C8NH2) and different inorganic (MCl, M = Li, Na, K, or Rb; and NaX, X = Cl, Br, or SCN), organic salts (NaY, Y = salicylate (Sal), benzoate (Ben), anthranilate (An), or tosylate (Tos)), symmetrical quaternary bromides (R4NBr, R = H, CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, or n-C5H11) or tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, (n-C4H9)4PBr, at 30 °C. Addition of amines with or without organic/inorganic salts causes the usual viscosity increase until the phase boundary of the L1 phase is reached. However, in the presence of quaternary bromides, viscosity−[amine] profiles show an increase, a plateau, and slower decrease regions. The appearance of these regions has been found to be dependent on the chain length of the R-part and [quaternary bromide]. These effects have been discussed on the basis of solubilization of alipha...
TL;DR: In this paper, the rate of citric acid oxidation by CrVI was investigated in H2O and in the presence of anionic and cationic surfactants, satisfying the Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
Abstract: The kinetics and mechanism of citric acid oxidation by CrVI; catalyzed by MnII, has been studied in H2O and in the presence of anionic and cationic surfactants. A linear correlation between k
obs
−1 and [MnII]−1 was found, satisfying the Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The rate-determining step is the decomposition of complex HCrO4–citric acid–MnII formed between citric acid–MnII and CrVI. Based on kinetic data, a one-step three-electron oxidation mechanism has been proposed. The rate decreased with increase in concentration of the cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB), while anionic sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) had no effect on the rate. The data have been interpreted in terms of reaction in the aqueous phase. The effect of added anions, such as chloride, bromide, nitrate, and sulphate, has been studied and discussed. The activation parameters (ΔH
‡ and ΔS
‡) were significantly affected by the presence of 10.0 × 10−4 mol dm−3 of CTAB or CPB.