Showing papers by "Aligarh Muslim University published in 2010"
TL;DR: Various intrinsic biosynthetic pathways, interplay of SA and MeSA, its long distance transport and signaling, and the effect of exogenous application of SA on bio-productivity, growth, photosynthesis, plant water relations, various enzyme activities and its effect on the plants exposed to various biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.
998 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) p = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider was performed in the central pseudorapidity region.
Abstract: We report the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) p = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.8) and transverse momentum range 0.2 < p(t) < 5.0 GeV/c. The elliptic flow signal v(2), measured using the 4-particle correlation method, averaged over transverse momentum and pseudorapidity is 0.087 +/- 0.002(stat) +/- 0.003(syst) in the 40%-50% centrality class. The differential elliptic flow v(2)(p(t)) reaches a maximum of 0.2 near p(t) = 3 GeV/c. Compared to RHIC Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 200 GeV, the elliptic flow increases by about 30%. Some hydrodynamic model predictions which include viscous corrections are in agreement with the observed increase.
652 citations
TL;DR: The present review focuses on the mechanisms of phosphate solubilization, development and mode of fungal inoculants application and mechanisms of growth promotion by phosphate-solubilizing fungi for crop productivity under a wide range of agro-ecosystems.
Abstract: Phosphorus is abundant in soils in both organic and inorganic forms; nevertheless, it is unavailable to plants. Accordingly, soil becomes phosphorus (P)-deficient, making P one of the most important nutrient elements limiting crop productivity. To circumvent the P deficiency, phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms could play an important role in making P available for plants by dissolving insoluble P. The dissolution of inorganic P by microbial communities including fungi is though common under in vitro conditions; the performance of phosphate-solubilizing microbes in situ has been contradictory. Fungi exhibit traits such as mineral solubilization, biological control, and production of secondary metabolites. As such, their potential to enhance plant growth when present in association with the roots is clear. The challenge is how to make use of such biological resources to maintain soil health while increasing the crop productivity by providing P to plants through the application of phosphate-solubilizing f...
466 citations
TL;DR: Immobilized β galactosidases are employed for the continuous hydrolysis of lactose from whey and milk in a number of reactors such as hollow fiber reactors, tapered column reactors, packed bed reactors, fluidized bed reactors etc.
Abstract: β Galactosidases have been obtained from microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and yeasts; plants, animals cells, and from recombinant sources. The enzyme has two main applications; the removal of lactose from milk products for lactose intolerant people and the production of galactosylated products. In order to increase their stability, reusability, and use in continuous reactors, these enzymes have been immobilized on both organic and inorganic support via adsorption, covalent attachment, chemical aggregation, microencapsulation, and entrapment. Free and immobilized preparations of β galactosidases have been exploited in various applications such as industrial, biotechnological, medical, analytical, and in different other applications. β galactosidase is widely used in food industry to improve sweetness, solubility, flavor, and digestibility of dairy products. Immobilized β galactosidases are employed for the continuous hydrolysis of lactose from whey and milk in a number of reactors such as hollow fiber reactors, tapered column reactors, packed bed reactors, fluidized bed reactors etc.
382 citations
TL;DR: The results indicated that film diffusion was a major mode of adsorption and the breakthrough capacities were found to be 84.03, 163.9 and 188.6 mg/g at 30, 40 and 50 degrees C.
294 citations
TL;DR: This review aims to highlight current overview on the binding strategies of protein to various ligands that may be expected to lead to significant clinical applications.
290 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured charged-particle pseudo-rapidity density at the LHC with the ALICE detector at centre-of-mass energies 0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV in the pseudorapidity range.
Abstract: Charged-particle production was studied in proton-proton collisions collected at the LHC with the ALICE detector at centre-of-mass energies 0.9 TeV and 2.36 TeV in the pseudorapidity range vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1.4. In the central region (vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.5), at 0.9 TeV, we measure charged-particle pseudo-rapidity density dN(ch)/d eta = 3.02 +/- 0.01(stat.)(-0.05)(+0.08)(syst.) for inelastic interactions, and dN(ch)/d eta = 3.58 +/- 0.01 (stat.)(-0.12)(+0.12)(syst.) for non-single-diffractive interactions. At 2.36 TeV, we find dN(ch)/d eta = 3.77 +/- 0.01(stat.)(-0.12)(+0.25)(syst.) for inelastic, and dN(ch)/d eta = 4.43 +/- 0.01(stat.)(-0.12)(+0.17)(syst.) for non-single-diffractive collisions. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from the lower to higher energy is 24.7% +/- 0.5%(stat.)(-2.8)(+5.7)%(syst.) for inelastic and 23.7% +/- 0.5%(stat.)(-1.1)(+4.6)%(syst.) for non-single-diffractive interactions. This increase is consistent with that reported by the CMS collaboration for non-single-diffractive events and larger than that found by a number of commonly used models. The multiplicity distribution was measured in different pseudorapidity intervals and studied in terms of KNO variables at both energies. The results are compared to proton-antiproton data and to model predictions.
284 citations
TL;DR: The first measurement of the charged particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV is presented in this paper.
Abstract: The first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity density at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV is presented. For an event sample corresponding to the most central 5% of the hadronic cross section, the pseudorapidity density of primary charged particles at midrapidity is 1584 +/- 4(stat) +/- 76(syst), which corresponds to 8.3 +/- 0.4(syst) per participating nucleon pair. This represents an increase of about a factor 1.9 relative to pp collisions at similar collision energies, and about a factor 2.2 to central Au-Au collisions at root s(NN) = 0.2 TeV. This measurement provides the first experimental constraint for models of nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energies.
279 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the alignment of the inner tracking system of the ALICE Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE ITS) with the Millepede global approach has been studied and the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10(5) charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008.
Abstract: ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiment devoted to investigating the strongly interacting matter created in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the LHC energies. The ALICE ITS, Inner Tracking System, consists of six cylindrical layers of silicon detectors with three different technologies; in the outward direction: two layers of pixel detectors, two layers each of drift, and strip detectors. The number of parameters to be determined in the spatial alignment of the 2198 sensor modules of the ITS is about 13,000. The target alignment precision is well below 10 mu m in some cases (pixels). The sources of alignment information include survey measurements, and the reconstructed tracks from cosmic rays and from proton-proton collisions. The main track-based alignment method uses the Millepede global approach. An iterative local method was developed and used as well. We present the results obtained for the ITS alignment using about 10(5) charged tracks from cosmic rays that have been collected during summer 2008, with the ALICE solenoidal magnet switched off.
277 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a questionnaire based survey was conducted to identify and analyse these barriers and the results of this survey and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach have been used to model and analyse key barriers and drive managerial insights.
Abstract: Owing to ever-increasing scarcity of natural resources and mounting concern in the market for 'green' products and processes, environmental issues are fast emerging as one of the most important subject of management's decisions in manufacturing organisations. Green business practices are not easy to adopt and implement, due to the presence of many barriers. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyse these barriers. A questionnaire based survey was conducted to rank these barriers. The results of this survey and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) approach have been used to model and analyse key barriers and drive managerial insights.
261 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential use of bael shell carbon (BSC) as an adsorbent for the removal of congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solution was investigated.
TL;DR: Soluble and immobilized peroxidases have been successfully exploited in batch as well as in continuous processes for the treatment of synthetic dyes with complex aromatic molecular structures present in industrial effluents at large scale.
Abstract: In this article an effort has been made to review literature based on the role of peroxidases in the treatment and decolorization of a wide spectrum aromatic dyes from polluted water. Peroxidases can catalyze degradation/transformation of aromatic dyes either by precipitation or by opening the aromatic ring structure. Peroxidases from plant sources; horseradish, turnip, tomato, soybean, bitter gourd, white radish and Saccharum uvarum and microbial sources; lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, vanadium haloperoxidases, versatile peroxidases, dye decolorizing peroxidases have been employed for the remediation of commercial dyes. Soluble and immobilized peroxidases have been successfully exploited in batch as well as in continuous processes for the treatment of synthetic dyes with complex aromatic molecular structures present in industrial effluents at large scale. However, recalcitrant dyes were also decolorized by the action of peroxidases in the presence of redox mediators.
TL;DR: It is suggested that the Bacillus species PSB10 due to its intrinsic abilities of growth promotion and attenuation of the toxic effects of chromium could be exploited for remediation of Chromium from chromium contaminated sites.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of salinity stress on plant metabolism were investigated and different strategies of the application of nutrients with plant hormones were adopted to overcome the damaging effects of salt, such as applying calcium chloride (CaCl2) and gibberellic acid (GA3).
Abstract: Salinity stress affects many metabolic facets of plants and induces anatomical and morphological changes resulting in reduced growth and productivity. To overcome the damaging effects of salinity, different strategies of the application of nutrients with plant hormones are being adopted. The present study was carried out with an aim to find out whether application of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and gibberellic acid (GA3) could alleviate the detrimental effects of salinity stress on plant metabolism. Fifteen days old plants were supplied with (1) 0 mM NaCl ? 0m g CaCl2 kg -1 sand ? 0M GA 3 (control, T0); (2) 0 mM NaCl ? 10 mg CaCl2 kg -1 sand ? 0M GA 3 (T1); (3) 0 mM NaCl ? 0 mg CaCl2 kg -1 sand ? 10 -6 MG A 3 (T2); (4) 150 mM NaCl ? 0 mg CaCl2 kg -1 sand ? 0M GA3 (T3); (5) 150 mM NaCl ? 10 mg CaCl2 kg -1 sand ? 0M GA 3 (T4); (6) 150 mM NaCl ? 0 mg CaCl2 kg -1 sand ? 10 -6 MG A 3 (T5); (7) 150 mM NaCl ? 10 mg CaCl2 kg -1 sand ? 10 -6 MG A 3 (T6). To assess the response of the crop to NaCl, CaCl2 and GA3, plants were uprooted randomly at 60 days after sowing. The presence of NaCl in the growth medium decreased all the growth and physio-biochemical parameters, except electrolyte leakage, proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) content, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), H2O2 content, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and leaf Na content, which exhibited an increase of 37.6, 29.3, 366.9, 107.5, 59.1, 17.1, 28.4 and 255.2%, respectively, compared to the control plants. However, application of CaCl2 in combination with GA3 appears to confer greater osmoprotection by the additive role with NaCl in Pro and GB accumulation. Although the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and POX) were increased by salt stress, the combined application of CaCl2 and GA3 to salt-stressed plants further enhanced the activities of these enzymes by 25.1, 6.7 and 47.8%, respectively, compared to plants grown with NaCl alone. The present study showed that application of CaCl2 and GA3 alone as well as in combination mitigated the adverse effect of salinity, but combined application of these treat- ments proved more effective in alleviating the adverse effects of NaCl stress.
TL;DR: In this article, 28-homobrassinolide (HBL) was used in the presence or absence of high temperature and/or NaCl and was sampled, 18 days after sowing (DAS).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution in proton-proton collisions at root s = 900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector.
TL;DR: A fungal strain, KSU-09, isolated from the roots of date palm, was identified as Amylomyces rouxii based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of its rRNA genes and could be used for simple, non-hazardous and efficient synthesis of antimicrobial AgNPs.
TL;DR: In this article, fine particles of Al-doped lithium ferrite of general formula Li0.5AlxFe2.5−xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4, in step of 0.1) were synthesized by the citrate gel auto combustion method and characterized using XRD, dielectric and impedance spectroscopy.
TL;DR: This review explores the sequential changes of plant responses at different levels regarding their defense strategies and efforts made to enhance them, tailoring crucial regulators so that they can withstand waterlogging stress.
Abstract: Waterlogging usually results from overuse and/or poor management of irrigation water and is a serious constraint with damaging effects. The rapidly depleting oxygen from submerged root zone is sensed and plant adjusts expressing anaerobic proteins. Plant cells shift their metabolism towards low energy yielding anaerobic fermentation pathways in the absence of oxygen. Structural modifications are also induced as aerenchyma formation and adventitious rootings, etc. Studies at molecular and biochemical levels to facilitate early perception and subsequent responses have also been worked out to produce resistant transgenic plants. This review explores the sequential changes of plant responses at different levels regarding their defense strategies and efforts made to enhance them, tailoring crucial regulators so that they can withstand waterlogging stress.
TL;DR: High content of ellagitannins is revealed which might be responsible for promising antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of P. granatum peel extract which is to be explored to understand the exact mechanism of action as well as their therapeutic efficacy.
Abstract: Over the past few decades, scientific research has indicated a credible basis for some of the traditional ethnomedicinal uses of pomegranate. This study aims to evaluate the broad spectrum antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of peel extracts of pomegranate. The sequentially extracted Punica granatum peel fractions were tested for their antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, FRAP (Fe 3+ reducing power) and CUPRAC (cupric ions (Cu 2+ ) reducing ability) assays. The methanol fraction showed highest antioxidant activity by all the four in vitro assays comparable to ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) followed by activity in ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate fractions. Based on the promising antioxidant activities, the methanol fraction was evaluated for antimutagenic activity by Ames Salmonella /microsome assay against sodium azide (NaN 3 ), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS), 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) induced mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium (TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102) tester strains. The methanol fraction showed no sign of mutagenicity at tested concentration of 10–80 μg/mL. This fraction showed antimutagenic activity against NaN 3 and MMS with percent inhibition of mutagenicity ranging from 66.76% to 91.86% in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar trend of inhibition of mutagenicity (81.2–88.58%) against indirect mutagens (2-AF and B(a)P) was also recorded. Phytochemical analysis by HPLC, LC–MS and total phenolic content revealed high content of ellagitannins which might be responsible for promising antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of P. granatum peel extract. Further, contribution of bioactive compounds detected in this study is to be explored to understand the exact mechanism of action as well as their therapeutic efficacy.
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In the ALICE experiment, the collision region was centred very well in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and 284 events were recorded in coincidence with the two passing proton bunches as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: On 23rd November 2009, during the early commissioning of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), two counter-rotating proton bunches were circulated for the first time concurrently in the machine, at the LHC injection energy of 450 GeV per beam. Although the proton intensity was very low, with only one pilot bunch per beam, and no systematic attempt was made to optimize the collision optics, all LHC experiments reported a number of collision candidates. In the ALICE experiment, the collision region was centred very well in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and 284 events were recorded in coincidence with the two passing proton bunches. The events were immediately reconstructed and analyzed both online and offline. We have used these events to measure the pseudorapidity density of charged primary particles in the central region. In the range vertical bar eta vertical bar S collider. They also illustrate the excellent functioning and rapid progress of the LHC accelerator, and of both the hardware and software of the ALICE experiment, in this early start-up phase.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify which CFSs are critical to TQM implementation and support service quality and propose a model of organizational performance that can help managers to achieve organizational excellence and help them to maintain a fit with the changing environment.
Abstract: The successful implementation of total quality management (TQM) is often linked with the critical dimensions or critical success factors (CSFs) which are responsible for achieving effective results. The purpose of this study is to identify which CFSs are critical to TQM implementation and support service quality. The current study identifies nine CSFs from the extant literature that can help organizations to achieve business excellence. The study further proposes a model of organizational performance that can help managers to achieve organizational excellence and help them to maintain a fit with the changing environment. A possible sequence for implementation of this model is then presented.
TL;DR: The micellization of amphiphilic drug amitriptyline hydrochloride and conventional as well as gemini surfactants has been studied conductometrically in pure and mixed states in aqueous solutions at different temperatures to derive physicochemical properties.
Abstract: The micellization of amphiphilic drug amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT, an antidepressant) and conventional as well as gemini surfactants has been studied conductometrically in pure and mixed states in aqueous solutions at different temperatures to derive various physicochemical properties such as critical micelle concentration (cmc), ideal cmc (cmcid), counterion dissociation (g), standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGm0), enthalpy (ΔHm0), and entropy of micellization (ΔSm0), micellar mole fractions of surfactant (X1, X1m), mole fraction of surfactant in ideal state (X1id), interaction parameter (β), activity coefficients (f1, f2), and excess free energy of mixing (ΔGex). All the results indicate synergism and attractive interactions in the mixed systems.
TL;DR: This paper studies the concept of ideal convergence and ideal Cauchy for double sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces and shows that ideal convergence is more general than statistical convergence for single or double sequences.
Abstract: Recently, the concept of statistical convergence of double sequences has been studied in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces by Mursaleen and Mohiuddine [Statistical convergence of double sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces, Chaos, Solitons Fractals, 41 (2009) pp. 2414-2421]. We know that ideal convergence is more general than statistical convergence for single or double sequences. This has motivated us to study the ideal convergence of double sequences in a more general setting. That is, in this paper, we study the concept of ideal convergence and ideal Cauchy for double sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural and compositional analyses were carried out using XRD, FESEM and EDAX at room temperature and the results corroborated the successful doping of Ni in the SnO 2 matrix.
TL;DR: The treatment with W. somnifera effectively reduced oxidative stress, as assessed by decreased levels of various oxidants and improved level of diverse antioxidants, and good indicators of semen quality, were also reversed in infertile subjects after treatment with the herbal preparation.
TL;DR: The antimicrobial activities investigated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhymurium, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium marneffei showed significant activities.
TL;DR: In this article, Salicylic acid (SA) treatment reduces the damaging action by water deficit on growth and accelerates a restoration of growth processes in lemongrass plants under stress conditions.
Abstract: Salicylic acid (SA) treatment reduces the damaging action by water deficit on growth and accelerates a restoration of growth processes. The aim of the present work was to study the physiological and biochemical alteration induced by SA in lemongrass plants under stress conditions. Therefore, a pot culture experiment was conducted to test whether SA application at concentration of (10−5 M) through foliar spray could protect lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus Steud. Wats.) varieties (Neema and Krishna), subjected to drought stress on the basis of growth parameters and biochemical constituents, proline metabolism and quality attributes including citral content. The treatments were as follows: (i) 100% FC + 0 SA; (ii) 75% FC + 0 SA; (iii) 50% FC + 0 SA; (iv) 75% FC + 10−5 M SA; and (v) 50% FC + 10−5 M SA. The growth parameters were significantly reduced under the applied water stress levels; however, foliar application of salicylic acid (10−5 M) improved the growth parameters in stress-affected plants....
TL;DR: In this paper, a polyaniline/iron oxide (PANIIO) composite was prepared and evaluated for its amido black 10B (AB10B) dye adsorption characteristics from aqueous solution.
Abstract: In this work, a polyaniline/iron oxide (PANIIO) composite was prepared and evaluated for its amido black 10B (AB10B) dye adsorption characteristics from aqueous solution. Adsorption equilibrium kinetic and thermodynamic experiments of AB10B onto PANIIO were studied in a batch system. The effects of solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption capacity of PANIIO for AB10B have been investigated. The pseudofirst-order and pseudosecond-order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data. It was found that adsorption kinetics followed the pseudosecond-order kinetic model at all of the studied temperatures. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium data, and the best fit was obtained using the Freundlich isotherm with an R2 value of 0.9948. The change of Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy of adsorption was also evaluated for the adsorption of AB10B onto PANIIO.