Aligarh Muslim University

About: Aligarh Muslim University is a education organization based out in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 8218 authors who have published 16416 publications receiving 289068 citations. The organization is also known as: AMU.

An Overview of the Adverse Effects of Heavy Metal Contamination on Fish Health

Abstract: Rapid industrialization results in the production of huge amounts of solid and/or liquid wastes, which is usually discharged into the nearby water bodies, leading to the damage of the important ecosystems and seafood products Therefore, the present overview aims to highlight the issue of pollution of aquatic ecosystems and fish health Heavy metals are widely used in every industrial application; therefore, they form the core group of pollutants of any industrial discharge Some of the heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cr are essential as they form the cofactor for many of the enzymes and also needed in metabolic activities On the contrary, their exceeding amount is also detrimental to both animals and human beings Based on the current review, it has been observed that to monitor the health of indicator organism (fish), battery of bioassays or biomarkers are required In addition to this rationale of using the few selected parameters such as condition indices, bioaccumulation, blood biochemistry, marker enzymes of tissue damage, oxidative stress, genotoxicity and histopathology in describing, the aquatic pollution has also been emphasized All these parameters are significantly affected by heavy metals and hence proved as useful tools in biomonitoring or toxicity assessment studies Since fishes are consumed by large mass of population due to their high protein and polyunsaturated fatty acid content, human health is also under danger

Nanoparticle-Plant Interactions: Two-Way Traffic.

Abstract: In this Review, an effort is made to discuss the most recent progress and future trend in the two-way traffic of the interactions between plants and nanoparticles (NPs). One way is the use of plants to synthesize NPs in an environmentally benign manner with a focus on the mechanism and optimization of the synthesis. Another way is the effects of synthetic NPs on plant fate with a focus on the transport mechanisms of NPs within plants as well as NP-mediated seed germination and plant development. When NPs are in soil, they can be adsorbed at the root surface, followed by their uptake and inter/intracellular movement in the plant tissues. NPs may also be taken up by foliage under aerial deposition, largely through stomata, trichomes, and cuticles, but the exact mode of NP entry into plants is not well documented. The NP-plant interactions may lead to inhibitory or stimulatory effects on seed germination and plant development, depending on NP compositions, concentrations, and plant species. In numerous cases, radiation-absorbing efficiency, CO2 assimilation capacity, and delay of chloroplast aging have been reported in the plant response to NP treatments, although the mechanisms involved in these processes remain to be studied.