Aligarh Muslim University

About: Aligarh Muslim University is a education organization based out in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 8218 authors who have published 16416 publications receiving 289068 citations. The organization is also known as: AMU.

Necessity of enzymatic hydrolysis for production and functionalization of nanocelluloses

Abstract: Nanocellulose (NC) from cellulosic biomass has recently gained attention owing to their biodegradable nature, low density, high mechanical properties, economic value and renewability. They still suffer, however, some drawbacks. The challenges are the exploration of raw materials, scaling, recovery of chemicals utilized for the production or functionalization and most important is toxic behavior that hinders them from implementing in medical/pharmaceutical field. This review emphasizes the structural behavior of cellulosic biomass and biological barriers for enzyme interactions, which are pertinent to understand the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose for the production of NCs. Additionally, the enzymatic catalysis for the modification of solid and NC is discussed. The utility of various classes of enzymes for introducing desired functional groups on the surface of NC has been further examined. Thereafter, a green mechanistic approach is applied for understanding at molecular level.

Influence of cohesion on scour around bridge piers

Abstract: Experimental results on temporal variation of scour around circular bridge piers founded in cohesionless and cohesive sediments under steady clear water flows are reported. The difference between scour patterns in cohesionless and cohesive sediments is brought out. Considering the horse shoe vortex to be the prime agent causing scour, a procedure is developed for computing the temporal variation of scour depth in cohesive sediments. Empirical relationships have also been obtained for maximum scour depth around bridge piers in cohesive sediments.

Immobilization of Kluyveromyces lactis β galactosidase on concanavalin A layered aluminium oxide nanoparticles—Its future aspects in biosensor applications

Abstract: Several new types of carrier and technology have been implemented in the recent past to improve traditional enzyme immobilization which aims to enhance enzyme loading, activity and stability in order to decrease the cost of enzyme in industrial processes. Thus, the present study aimed to work out a simple and high yield procedure for the immobilization of Kluyveromyces lactis β galactosidase on a bioaffinity support, concanavalin A layered Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles (Con A layered Al 2 O 3 -NPs). Thermogravimetric analysis of bioaffinity support revealed 6% loss in weight at 600 °C whereas its thermal decomposition was observed at 350 °C by differential thermal analysis. No significant change was noticed in the band intensity of pUC19 plasmid upon its treatment with Con A layered Al 2 O 3 -NPs. Comet assay further exhibited negligible change in tail length of comet after treating the lymphocytes by bioaffinity matrix. Atomic force microscopy revealed large surface area of Con A layered Al 2 O 3 -NPs for binding higher amounts of enzyme. Moreover, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy confirmed binding of β galactosidase on bioaffinity support by exhibiting broadening in peaks at 3220.61 cm −1 and 3447.27 cm −1 . Soluble and immobilized β galactosidase showed same pH-optima at pH 7.0. However, immobilized enzyme exhibited enhanced pH stability and broad spectrum temperature optimum than soluble β galactosidase. Immobilized β galactosidase was found to be highly stable against product inhibition by galactose and retained 85% activity after its sixth repeated use.

Walnut shell powder as a low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue dye: isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamic, desorption and response surface methodology examinations.

Abstract: The low cost, eco-friendly and potential biomass, i.e. walnut (Juglans regia) shell powder was deployed for the removal of toxic methylene blue dye from contaminated water solution. The important characterization of the waste material was conducted by using several techniques, i.e. Scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, and Thermogravimetric analysis. The marked impact of various operating conditions, i.e. dose, concentration, time, pH and temperature on the adsorption process was investigated. Increasing pH resulted in an increase of percent dye adsorption, and the adsorption mechanism was occurred by electrostatic attraction between negative adsorbent surface and positive dye molecules. The equilibrium data suited with Langmuir isotherm model while the adsorption practice followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Higher temperature reduced the adsorption of dye molecules. The adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic and chemical. The critical statistical analysis of the experimental results was directed by forming the design of the experiment, which was further, optimized by ANOVA, 3D and perturbation plots. The error and predicted values of both the studied responses as derived from the statistical model showed the agreeable results. 0.1 N HCl was found to be effective in complete desorption. The results are very practical and prove the effectiveness of walnut shell powder in the usage of decolorization for methylene blue.