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Institution

Aligarh Muslim University

EducationAligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
About: Aligarh Muslim University is a education organization based out in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 8218 authors who have published 16416 publications receiving 289068 citations. The organization is also known as: AMU.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There is significant interest in the use of NPs to treat variety of infections, particularly caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, as well as areas where NPs use has potential to improve the treatment, like NP enabled vaccination.

142 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: ZnO and TiO2 NPs exerted roughly equal oxidative stress in terms of aforementioned stress markers and were found to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) concomitant with depletion of glutathione and GST levels and increased SOD, CAT and lipid peroxidation in dose dependent manner.
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are receiving increasing attention due to their widespread applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effect of ZnO and TiO2 NPs at different concentrations (50, 100, 250 and 500 ppm) and compare them with their respective salts using a battery of cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity parameters. To evaluate cytotoxicity, we have used human erythrocytes and for genotoxic studies human lymphocytes have been used as in vitro model species. Concentration dependent hemolytic activity to RBC's was obtained for both NPs. ZnO and TiO2 NPs resulted in 65.2% and 52.5% hemolysis at 250 ppm respectively indicating that both are cytotoxic to human RBCs. Antioxidant enzymes assays were also carried out in their respective hemolysates. Both nanoparticles were found to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) concomitant with depletion of glutathione and GST levels and increased SOD, CAT and lipid peroxidation in dose dependent manner. ZnO and TiO2 NPs exerted roughly equal oxidative stress in terms of aforementioned stress markers. Genotoxic potential of both the NPs was investigated by in vitro alkaline comet assay. DNA damage induced by the NPs was concentration dependent and was significantly greater than their ionic forms at 250 and 500 ppm concentrations. Moreover, the nanoparticles of ZnO were significantly more genotoxic than those of TiO2 at higher concentrations. The toxicity of these NPs is due to the generation of ROS thereby causing oxidative stress.

141 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo activity of crude extract and methanolic fraction at sub- MIC levels against cariogenic properties of S. mutans were investigated and it was found that these extracts strongly inhibited a variety of virulence properties which are critical for its pathogenesis.
Abstract: Streptococcus mutans is known as a key causative agent of dental caries. It metabolizes dietary carbohydrate to produce acids which reduce the environmental pH leading to tooth demineralization. The ability of this bacterium to tolerate acids coupled with acid production, allows its effective colonization in the oral cavity leading to the establishment of highly cariogenic plaque. For this reason, S. mutans is the only bacterium found in significantly higher numbers than other bacteria in the dental plaque. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of crude extract and methanolic fraction of Z. officinale against S. mutans virulence properties. We investigated in vitro and in vivo activity of crude extract and methanolic fraction at sub- MIC levels against cariogenic properties of S. mutans. We found that these extracts strongly inhibited a variety of virulence properties which are critical for its pathogenesis. The biofilm formation in S. mutans was found to be reduced during critical growth phases. Furthermore, the glucan synthesis and adherence was also found to be inhibited. Nevertheless, the insoluble glucan synthesis and sucrose dependent adherence were apparently more reduced as compared to soluble glucan synthesis and sucrose- independent adherence. Biofilm architecture inspected with the help of confocal and scanning electron microscopy, showed dispersion of cells in the treated group as compared to the control. The Quantitative Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) data had shown the down regulation of the virulence genes, which is believed to be one of the major reasons responsible for the observed reduction in the virulence properties. The incredible reduction of caries development was found in treated group of rats as compared to the untreated group which further validate our in vitro data. The whole study concludes a prospective role of crude extract and methanolic fraction of Z. officinale in targeting complete array of cariogenic properties of S. mutans, thus reducing its pathogenesis. Hence, it may be strongly proposed as a putative anti- cariogenic agent.

141 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Promising antibiofilm activity was displayed by eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, which also showed synergy with fluconazole in vitro, and whether these findings can be exploited in treating biofilm-associated candidiasis is required.
Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate four phytocompounds (cinnamaldehyde, citral, eugenol and geraniol) for their in vitro inhibitory activity against pre-formed biofilms of Candida albicans alone or in combination with fluconazole and amphotericin B. These compounds were also tested at subinhibitory concentrations for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation. Methods: The XTT reduction assay, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to determine the inhibitory effect of the test compounds on biofilms. A chequerboard method was used for combination studies. Results: Both clinical and reference strains of C. albicans (C. albicans 04 and C. albicans SC5314, respectively) displayed formation of strong biofilms. Pre-formed Candida biofilms showed ≥1024× increased resistance to antifungal drugs and 2× increased resistance to cinnamaldehyde and geraniol, but no increased tolerance of eugenol. The test compounds were more active against pre-formed biofilms than amphotericin B and fluconazole. At 0.5× MIC, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde were the most inhibitory compounds against biofilm formation. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed the deformity of three-dimensional structures of biofilms formed in the presence of sub-MICs of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde. The cell membrane appeared to be the target site of compounds in both planktonic and sessile C. albicans cells, as observed by SEM. Combination studies showed that synergy was highest between eugenol and fluconazole (fractional inhibitory concentration index¼0.14) against pre-formed biofilms of C. albicans SC5314. Conclusions: Promising antibiofilm activity was displayed by eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, which also showed synergy with fluconazole in vitro. Further evaluation in in vivo systems is required to determine whether these findings can be exploited in treating biofilm-associated candidiasis.

141 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: NO influenced photosynthesis under salt stress by regulating oxidative stress and its effects on S-assimilation, an antioxidant system and NO generation, and the results suggest that NO improves photosynthetic performance of plants grown under salt Stress more effectively when plants received S.
Abstract: The role of nitric oxide (NO) and/or sulfur (S) on stomatal and photosynthetic responses was studied in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in presence or absence of salt stress. The combined application of 100 µM NO (as sodium nitroprusside) and 200 mg S kg-1 soil (excess-S) more prominently influenced stomatal behaviour, photosynthetic and growth responses in the absence of salt stress and alleviated salt stress effects on photosynthesis. Plants receiving combined treatment of NO plus excess-S showed well-developed thylakoid membrane and properly stacked grana lamellae under salt stress, while the chloroplasts from salt-stressed plants had disorganized thylakoids. Moreover, the leaves from the NO and excess-S treated plants exhibited lower superoxide ion accumulation under salt stress, induced activity of ATP-sulfurylase (ATPS), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) and optimized NO generation that helped in minimizing oxidative stress. The enhanced S-assimilation of these plants resulted in increased production of cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) reduced. These findings indicated that NO influenced photosynthesis under salt stress by regulating oxidative stress and its effects on S-assimilation, an antioxidant system and NO generation.The results suggest that NO improves photosynthetic responses of plants grown under salt stress more effectively when plants received excess-S. Thus, excess-S conditions may be adopted for higher impact of NO in the reversal of salt stress effects on photosynthesis.

141 citations


Authors

Showing all 8370 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Sandeep Kumar94156338652
Detlef W. Bahnemann8851748826
Gaurav Sharma82124431482
Sang Un Ahn8239122067
M. Irfan8024120154
M. Mohisin Khan7726617940
Nazeer Ahmad7414318305
Rajeev Kumar7229620848
Syed F. Ali7144618669
Ahmad Umar7174021014
Aamir Ahmad6325113404
Mohammad Athar6332914384
A. Ahmad Masoodi628012771
Shahid Husain6243714444
Mohd Danish Azmi6118613130
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202371
2022217
20211,667
20201,332
20191,208
20181,015