Aligarh Muslim University

About: Aligarh Muslim University is a education organization based out in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 8218 authors who have published 16416 publications receiving 289068 citations. The organization is also known as: AMU.

Centrality dependence of the nuclear modification factor of charged pions, kaons, and protons in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

Abstract: Transverse momentum (pT) spectra of pions, kaons, and protons up to pT=20GeV/c have been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76TeV using the ALICE detector for six different centrality classes covering 0%–80%. The proton-to-pion and the kaon-to-pion ratios both show a distinct peak at pT≈3GeV/c in central Pb-Pb collisions that decreases for more peripheral collisions. For pT>10GeV/c, the nuclear modification factor is found to be the same for all three particle species in each centrality interval within systematic uncertainties of 10%–20%. This suggests there is no direct interplay between the energy loss in the medium and the particle species composition in the hard core of the quenched jet. For pT<10GeV/c, the data provide important constraints for models aimed at describing the transition from soft to hard physics.

Applications of measures of noncompactness to the infinite system of differential equations in ℓp spaces

Abstract: In this paper we apply the technique of measures of noncompactness to the theory of infinite system of differential equations in the Banach sequence spaces l p ( 1 ≤ p ∞ ) . Our aim is to present some existence results for infinite system of differential equations formulated with the help of measures of noncompactness.

Nanoparticles vs. biofilms: a battle against another paradigm of antibiotic resistance

Abstract: Microbes form surface-adherent community structures called biofilms and these biofilms play a critical role in infection. Biofilms impart antibiotic resistance and sometimes become recalcitrant to the host immune system. It has been reported by the National Institutes of Health that more than 80% of bacterial infections are caused by biofilm formation. Such a kind of infection is also prevalent in biomedical devices which become a source of infection. The treatment of biofilm-mediated infections is a big challenge that requires more sensitive and effective antibiofilm strategies for their removal. Nanoparticles targeting antibiofilm therapy have gained tremendous impetus in the past decade due to their unique features. These nanoparticles are wonder particles having a wide spectrum of biological applications and among these applications their antibiofilm activity is significantly useful. These particles are reactive entities and can easily infiltrate into the matrix which acts as a barrier for many antibiotics. Biomedical surfaces are also nano-functionalized by coating, impregnation or embedding with nanomaterials to prevent biofilm formation. The study of interaction between nanoparticles and biofilms can provide us more insights into the mechanism of biofilm regulation. In this review article, several classes of NPs effective against a broad range of microbial biofilms, both in vivo and in vitro, are described. The application of nanoparticles against biofilms will help to fight resistant infections and will contribute in improving human health.

Bioavailable constituents/metabolites of pomegranate (Punica granatum L) preferentially inhibit COX2 activity ex vivo and IL-1beta-induced PGE2 production in human chondrocytes in vitro

Abstract: Several recent studies have documented that supplementation with pomegranate fruit extract inhibits inflammatory symptoms in vivo. However, the molecular basis of the observed effects has not been fully revealed. Although previous studies have documented the inhibition of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in vitro by plant and fruit extracts added directly into the culture medium but whether concentrations of bioactive compounds sufficient enough to exert such inhibitory effects in vivo can be achieved through oral consumption has not been reported. In the present study we determined the effect of rabbit plasma obtained after ingestion of a polyphenol rich extract of pomegranate fruit (PFE) on COX enzyme activity ex vivo and the IL-1β-induced production of NO and PGE2 in chondrocytes in vitro. Plasma samples collected before and 2 hr after supplementation with PFE were tested. Plasma samples collected after oral ingestion of PFE were found to inhibit the IL-1β-induced PGE2 and NO production in chondrocytes. These same plasma samples also inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme activity ex vivo but the effect was more pronounced on the enzyme activity of COX-2 enzyme. Taken together these results provide additional evidence of the bioavailability and bioactivity of compounds present in pomegranate fruit after oral ingestion. Furthermore, these studies suggest that PFE-derived bioavailable compounds may exert an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the inflammatory cytokine-induced production of PGE2 and NO in vivo.