Aligarh Muslim University

About: Aligarh Muslim University is a education organization based out in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Adsorption. The organization has 8218 authors who have published 16416 publications receiving 289068 citations. The organization is also known as: AMU.

Cloud Point Phenomenon in Anionic Surfactant + Quaternary Bromide Systems and Its Variation with Additives

Abstract: Clouding phenomena generally occur with nonionic surfactants when the temperature of the system is raised to a certain value. This critical temperature is termed the cloud point (CP). Here we report the CP phenomenon with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate in combination with a few symmetrical quaternary bromides (tetra-n-butylammonium/phosphonium and tetra-n-amylammonium bromides). The CP has been found to depend upon the nature and concentration of the salt and the surfactant concentration. The CP appearance in these systems is discussed in terms of increased hydrophobic interactions due to the alkyl chains of the quaternary bromides. Measurements show that the viscosity either increases or decreases as the system approaches the CP. Most of the organic additives (aliphatic alcohols (C6−C8), amines (C6−C8), and hydrocarbons (n-hexane and n-heptane)) generally decrease the CP, while nonelectrolytes increase or decrease the CP depending upon their effect on water structure or interaction with the an...

Accumulation of heavy metals and human health risk assessment via the consumption of freshwater fish Mastacembelus armatus inhabiting, thermal power plant effluent loaded canal.

Abstract: Bioaccumulation of six heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) in the muscle of highly consumed fish species (Mastacembelus armatus) were measured using atomic absorption spectrometer. Fe (213.29 mg/kg dry weight) concentration was the most, followed by Zn (186.19 mg/kg dry weight), Ni (58.98 mg/kg dry weight), Cu (41.36 mg/kg dry weight), Co (9.06 mg/kg dry weight) and Mn (9.03 mg/kg dry weight). Estimated daily intake of heavy metals was calculated by mean fish consumption rate 19.5 × 10−3 kg/day, on the basis of a calculation of the amount of fish consumed by adult individuals (male and female). The studied fish species pose non carcinogenic risk for Co and Ni [target hazard quotient (THQ) > 1] only. Hazard index (HI) was high. Carcinogenic risk (TR) posed by this fish for male and female was 3.43 × 10−3 and 3.91 × 10−3, respectively for Ni (the carcinogenic potency slope factor was available for Ni only). The study is an alert indicating that inhabitants who consume these fishes (particularly females) were at risk of Co and Ni toxicity. In India recommended guidelines have yet not been established for these heavy metals, which is essential for setting of toxicological standards.

Single-Ended Schmitt-Trigger-Based Robust Low-Power SRAM Cell

Abstract: This paper presents a Schmitt-trigger-based single-ended 11T SRAM cell, which significantly improves read and write static noise margin (SNM) and consumes low power. Simulation results show that the cell also achieves the lowest leakage power dissipation among the cells considered for comparison. We also investigate the impact of process, voltage, and temperature variations on various performance parameters, such as hold SNM, read SNM, write margin, immunity to half-select issue, $I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ ratio of read path, and leakage power of the cell; Monte Carlo simulation results confirm the robustness of the proposed cell toward these issues. Layout drawn in a 45-nm technology rule shows that the proposed cell occupies $2.02\times $ greater area as compared with 6T SRAM cells. However, $6.9\times $ higher $I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}/I_{\mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ ratio of the read path of the proposed cell as compared with 6T cell holds potential to significantly subside the area overhead. A new figure of merit that comprehensively captures stability, delay, power dissipation, and area of an SRAM cell is also proposed. Based on the proposed metric, we observe that the proposed cell outperforms all, but one of the SRAM cells considered in this paper.