Showing papers by "American Cancer Society published in 1974"

Human placental 17beta-estradiol dehydrogenase: characterization and structural studies.

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes the nature and function of human placental 17β-estradiol dehydrogenase enzyme. It has been found that human term placenta is very rich in an enzyme that oxidizes estradiol to estrone. Moreover, a 50-fold purification of this enzyme is named 17β-estradiol dehydrogenase. It catalyzes the reversible interconversion of 17β-estradiol and estrone and utilizes either diphosphopyridine nucleotide or triphosphopyridine nucleotide as cofactor. Although the physiological functions of this enzyme are unknown, it is evident that any enzyme that can interconvert biologically active and relatively inactive molecules is a potential candidate for an important physiological regulatory role. Its action or lack of action upon steroids chemically related to estradiol may reflect possible functions in the biogenesis or degradation of steroidal estrogens in the human placenta. Most studies dealing with the substrate binding sites of enzymes have been carried out with enzymes that catalyze reactions involving either small charged molecules or charged macromolecules.

Cancer statistics, 1974—worldwide epidemiology

Abstract: Cancer is now a major cause of death in most areas of the world. Specific sites of cancers causing the highest mortality vary from country to country. Diet has been implicated etiologically. Lung cancers are higher in cigarette smokers miners exposed to metallic ores containing radioactive substances and in those who work with asbestos nickel or chromate. Atmospheric carcinogens have been associated with lung cancer. Breast cancer mortality is higher in Jewish women and in upper socioeconomic groups. Other high risk groups have been determined. Rates for cancer of the uterine cervix have been related to sexual activity and to low socioeconomic status. Prostatic cancer death rates are high in the more advanced countries but low in most of Asia Africa and in Latin America. Bladder cancer has been shown to be more frequent in aniline dye workers. Although many investigators feel that leukemia is related to viruses the relationship is unclear. U.S. and worldwide cancer mortality statistics for different periods are presented in detail.

Failure of halothane anesthesia to alter growth of sarcoma in mice.

Abstract: The effects of balothane anesthesia on growth of sarcoma 1 tumor in syngeneic (A/Jax) and allogeneic (C57/Black/6) mice were determined. Eleven of 22 A/Jax mice, inoculated IP with 5 x 103 cells, were anesthetized for 7 hours with 0.8 per cent halothane in air on the day of inoculation. Twelve of 21 A/Jax mice, inoculated IP with 5 x 102 cells, were anesthetized for 7 hours with 0.5–1.0 per cent halothane in air on day 1 and again on day 7. All animals developed ascites tumor and all died. There was no significant difference between mean survival times in anesthetized mice and controls. Nineteen of 35 A/Jax mice, inoculated with 1 x 103 cells SC, were anesthetized with 0.7 per cent halothane in oxygen for 5 hours on day 1 and again on day 7. There was no significant difference between anesthetized mice and air-breathing controls with respect to time of tumor appearance, tumor growth rate, or survival time. Twenty-four of 47 C57/Black/6 mice, inoculated with 5x104 cells SC, were anesthetized with 0.5–0.7 per cent halothane for 5 hours on day 1 and day 7. There was no significant effect of halothane anesthesia with respect to time of tumor appearance, tumor growth rate, or time of tumor regression.

Synthesis of 3H- and 14C-labelled doisynolic and marrianolic acids, and stability of tritium label

Abstract: 3H- and 14C-Labelled doisynolic acid was prepared from 6,7-3H-, 2,4,6,7-3H- and 4-14C-labelled oestradiol and oestrone by a regulated alkali fusion. Labelled marrianolic acid was similarly prepared from labelled oestriol. Unstability of regiospecific tritium labels in alkali was observed by use of double labelled compounds.

Therapeutic bronchoscopy for the precarious patient with tracheostomy.

Abstract: A description of the technic, indications, and advantages of a simple and safe method of bronchoscopy in a sick patient with equipment available in any recovery room or intensive care unit is presented briefly. The method has been reported in the thoracic and anesthesia literature for many years. We hoped by our limited studies to ascertain the utility and safety of the technic for use by the working surgeon.