American Cancer Society

About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.

Abstract 2805: A pooled investigation of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: The Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers

Abstract: Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Findings from several epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation may be associated with a reduced risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). These observations have led to speculation that vitamin D may protect against lymphomagenesis. To investigate this hypothesis, the authors conducted a pooled investigation of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and subsequent NHL risk within ten cohorts participating in the Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers. Prediagnostic samples of serum or plasma from 1,353 cases and 1,778 controls were assayed for 25(OH)D by immunoassay at a single laboratory. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) relating categories of 25(OH)D concentration with NHL risk were calculated using conditional logistic regression models, with 50-<75 nmol/L used as the reference category. Analyses of common NHL histologic subtypes were performed using polytomous regression modeling. Overall, no evidence of association with NHL risk was observed for either low 25(OH)D concentration (<25 nmol/L: OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.78-1.50) or high concentration (≥100 nmol/L: OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.57-1.27), and a test for trend was not statistically significant (P = 0.68). Analyses of other measures of 25(OH)D {continuous log[25(OH)D], categories of 25(OH)D using sex/cohort/season-specific cutpoints, categories of season-adjusted residuals of predicted 25(OH)D} were similarly null, as were results from stratified analyses and investigations of histologic subtypes of NHL. These findings do not support the hypothesis that elevated circulating 25(OH)D levels are associated with reduced NHL risk. Future research investigating the biologic basis for the sunlight-NHL association should consider alternative mechanisms, such as immunologic effects. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2805.

Twenty-year follow-up of the breast cancers diagnosed during the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project

Abstract: This study reports on the 20-year follow-up of the women diagnosed with breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) between 1973 and 1980. This project provided 5 years of screening with physical examination and two-view mammography for 280,000 volunteer women across the United States. Based on a 96% follow-up from 1993 to 1995 of the 4,051 women with breast cancer available for analysis, 2,658 (66%) were alive and 1,393 (34%) were dead. A high proportion of the cancers were detected by mammography alone, and 28.6% of all the cancers were smaller than 1.0 cm. Survival rates were calculated by life table method with deaths from breast cancer as the outcome. The adjusted survival rate for the entire group was 80.5%, and the observed survival rate was 61.7%. Adjusted and observed survival rates were 97.2% and 78.5%, respectively, for women with non-invasive cancers and 78.2% and 59.3%, respectively, for those with invasive cancers. Lymph node status and the size of the cancer at diagnosis were prognostic indicators of survival in the BCDDP Women with invasive cancers and negative lymph nodes had an 85.5% breast cancer survival rate and a 65.6% observed survival rate. Adjusted survival rates for women with invasive breast cancers were 90.2% for cancers smaller than 1 cm, 80.5%, for cancers 1.0 to 1.9 cm, 70.5% for cancers 2.0 to 4.9 cm, and 60.6% for cancers larger than 5 cm. Women 40 to 49 years of age demonstrated a greater survival with noninvasive or invasive cancers smaller than 5.0 cm compared with women 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years of age at diagnosis. These results from the BCDDP are discussed in the context of the recent decline in breast cancer incidence and mortality in the United States.

Mammography screening reduces rates of advanced and fatal breast cancers: Results in 549,091 women.

Abstract: Background It is of paramount importance to evaluate the impact of participation in organized mammography service screening independently from changes in breast cancer treatment. This can be done b ...

Diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of United States adults.

Abstract: Objectives: Diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer are known to be associated, but it is not known whether diabetes is a true risk factor, preceding development of the cancer, or if it is an early manifestation of the cancer. To address this uncertainty, we examined the association of pancreatic cancer mortality and reported diabetes of at least one year's duration in a large, prospective study of United States adults. The vast majority of diabetes in this cohort is likely to be non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Methods: After 12 years of follow-up, 2,953 deaths from pancreatic cancer were observed in a cohort of 1,089,586 men and women who were cancer-free at study entry in 1982. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, race, smoking, family history of pancreatic cancer, body mass index (wt/ht2), and education, were used to assess associations. Results: A history of diabetes was significantly related to pancreatic cancer mortality in both men (rate ratio [RR]=1.49, 95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.25-1.77) and women (RR=1.51, CI=1.24-1.85). However, the strength of the association varied over the follow-up period. The death rate from pancreatic cancer was twice as high in diabetics as in non-diabetics during the second and third years of follow-up (adjusted RR=2.05, CI=1.56-2.69) but only about 40 percent higher in years nine to 12 (adjusted RR=1.38, CI=1.08-1.77). Conclusions: The small but persistent increased risk of death from pancreatic cancer, seen even when the diagnosis of diabetes preceded death by many years, supports the hypothesis that diabetes may be a true, albeit modest, risk factor for pancreatic cancer.

Religiosity, spirituality, and cancer fatalism beliefs on delay in breast cancer diagnosis in african american women

Abstract: African American women are more likely than any other racial or ethnic group to present with a later stage of breast cancer at initial diagnosis. Delay in breast cancer detection is a critical factor in diagnosis at a later stage. Available data indicate a delay of 3 months or more is a significant factor in breast cancer mortalty. Numerous factors have been reported as contributing to delay in time to seek medical care including religiosity, spirituality, and fatalistic beliefs. This study examined the influence of religiosity, spirituality, and cancer fatalism on delay in diagnosis and breast cancer stage in African American women with self-detected breast symptoms. A descriptive correlation, retrospective methodology using an open-ended questionnaire and three validated measurement scales were used: the Religious Problem Solving Scale (RPSS), the Religious Coping Activity Scale (RCAS) subscale measuring spiritually based coping, and the modified Powe Fatalism Inventory (mPFI). A convenience sample of 129 women ages between 30 and 84 years who self-reported detecting a breast symptom before diagnosis of breast cancer within the preceding 12 months were included in the study. Outcome variables were time to seek medical care and breast cancer stage. Other variables of interest included marital status, income, education, insurance status, and to whom the women spoke about their breast symptoms. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis, Pearson r correlations, Mann-Whitney U analysis, and Chi Square analysis. Participants were found to be highly religious and spiritual but not fatalistic. While most women delayed more than 3 months in seeking medical care, no associations were found between the three predictor variables and time to seek medical care. The median delay in time from self detection of a breast symptom to seeking medical care was 5.5 months. Women who were less educated, unmarried, and talked to God only about their breast change were significantly more likely to delay seeking medical care. An association was found between disclosing a breast symptom to God only and delay in seeking medical care. In contrast, women who had told a person about their breast symptom were more likely to seek medical care sooner. African American women who delayed seeking medical care for longer than 3 months were more likely to present with a later stage of breast cancer than women who sought care within 3 months of symptom discovery.