Institution
American Cancer Society
Nonprofit•Atlanta, Georgia, United States•
About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.
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TL;DR: There is no strong, consistent epidemiologic evidence for substantial influences of single variants in vitamin D pathway genes on risk for colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer, but promising leads are developing.
Abstract: Higher vitamin D exposure is hypothesized to prevent several cancers, possibly through genomic effects modulated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and autocrine/paracrine metabolism of the VDR's ligand, 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)-vitamin D. Herein we review the background and evidence to date on associations between polymorphisms in VDR and selected genes in the vitamin D pathway in relation to colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. Although most studies to date have examined only a few VDR polymorphisms, more are beginning to comprehensively investigate polymorphisms in the VDR as well as in other vitamin D pathway genes, such as the vitamin D-binding protein gene (Gc) and CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, which code for enzymes that, respectively, synthesize and degrade 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)-vitamin D. Currently, there is no strong, consistent epidemiologic evidence for substantial influences of single variants in vitamin D pathway genes on risk for colorectal, breast, or prostate cancer, but promising leads are developing.
137 citations
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TL;DR: The fight against cancer calls for expansion of population-based registry sites to improve quantifying the cancer burden in Ethiopia and requires both increased investment and application of existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the Ethiopian population.
Abstract: PurposeNoncommunicable diseases, prominently cancer, have become the second leading cause of death in the adult population of Ethiopia. A population-based cancer registry has been used in Addis Ababa (the capital city) since 2011. Availability of up-to-date estimates on cancer incidence is important in guiding the national cancer control program in Ethiopia.MethodsWe obtained primary data on 8,539 patients from the Addis Ababa population-based cancer registry and supplemented by data on 1,648 cancer cases collected from six Ethiopian regions. We estimated the number of the commonest forms of cancer diagnosed among males and females in Ethiopia and computed crude and age-standardized incidence rates.ResultsFor 2015 in Ethiopia, we estimated that 21,563 (95% CI, 17,416 to 25,660) and 42,722 (95% CI, 37,412 to 48,040) incident cancer cases were diagnosed in males and females, respectively. The most common adult cancers were: cancers of the breast and cervix, colorectal cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia,...
137 citations
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TL;DR: Some of the physiological characteristics of garlic are reviewed and Hypotheses regarding the possible role of garlic in modulating mechanisms that may alter the carcinogenic process are discussed.
136 citations
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TL;DR: Methods and operational results of a population-based case-control study examining the effects of oral contraceptive use on breast cancer risk among white and black women aged 35-64 years in five U.S. locations may assist researchers conducting similar investigations.
136 citations
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TL;DR: It is concluded that prolonged use of tobacco products is associated with increased stomach cancer mortality in men and women and the accumulated evidence support reconsidering stomach cancer as a tobacco‐related cancer.
Abstract: Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of stomach cancer in many studies but there are limited data on this relationship in women and on risk associated with use of tobacco products other than cigarettes. We examined stomach cancer death rates in relation to cigarette smoking in women and use of cigarette, cigar, pipe, or smokeless tobacco in men in a nationwide prospective mortality study in the United States (US). Cohort follow-up from 1982-96 identified 996 and 509 stomach cancer deaths among 467,788 men and 588,053 women, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using non-users of tobacco as the referent group. Multivariate-adjusted RRs were the highest for men who currently smoked cigars (RR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.49-3.51) or cigarettes (RR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.75-2.67) and both increased with smoking duration. Women who currently (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.18-1.88) or formerly (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08-1.71) smoked cigarettes were at significantly increased risk, as were men who formerly smoked cigarettes (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.28-1.88), or currently (RR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.40-2.35) or formerly (RR: 1.57, 95% CI = 1.22-2.03) used more than one type of tobacco. Men who reported a history of chronic indigestion or gastroduodenal ulcer had substantially higher mortality rates associated with current cigarette (RR = 3.45, 95% CI = 2.05-5.80) or cigar (RR = 8.93, 95% CI = 4.02-19.90) smoking, as did men who were current aspirin users. If causal, the estimated proportion of stomach cancer deaths attributable to tobacco use would be 28% in US men and 14% in women. We conclude that prolonged use of tobacco products is associated with increased stomach cancer mortality in men and women. The accumulated evidence from this and other studies support reconsidering stomach cancer as a tobacco-related cancer.
136 citations
Authors
Showing all 1345 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
Frank B. Hu | 250 | 1675 | 253464 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Edward Giovannucci | 206 | 1671 | 179875 |
Irving L. Weissman | 201 | 1141 | 172504 |
Bernard Rosner | 190 | 1162 | 147661 |
Susan E. Hankinson | 151 | 789 | 88297 |
Paolo Boffetta | 148 | 1455 | 93876 |
Jeffrey A. Bluestone | 143 | 515 | 77080 |
Richard D. Smith | 140 | 1180 | 79758 |
Garth D. Illingworth | 137 | 505 | 61793 |
Brian E. Henderson | 137 | 712 | 69921 |
Ahmedin Jemal | 132 | 500 | 380474 |
Michael J. Thun | 129 | 392 | 79051 |