American Cancer Society

About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.

An adjustment to the 1997 estimate for new prostate cancer cases

Abstract: Society estimated that 334,500 new cases of prostate cancer might occur in the United States during 1997.1 That projection was largely influenced by the rapid increase in incidence rates of prostate cancer during the late 1980s and early 1990s, but it also included a sharp decline between 1992 and 1993.2-5 Because recently available rates provided evidence of continued decline, a midyear adjustment to the 1997 projection was deemed necessary. We now estimate that fewer than 210,000 new cases of prostate cancer may be diagnosed in 1997.

Recreational Physical Activity and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Large Cohort of U.S. Men

Abstract: Physical activity has been proposed as a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer because of its potential effects on circulating hormones such as testosterone and insulin. We examined the association of various measures of physical activity with prostate cancer risk among men in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, a large prospective study of U.S. adults. Information on recreational physical activity was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire completed at cohort enrollment in 1992/1993, as well as from a questionnaire completed as part of an earlier study in 1982. During the 9-year prospective follow-up, 5,503 incident prostate cancer cases were identified among 72,174 men who were cancer-free at enrollment. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compute hazard rate ratios (RR) for measures of recreational physical activity and to adjust for potential confounding factors. We observed no difference in risk of prostate cancer between men who engaged in the highest level of recreational physical activity (>35 metabolic equivalent-hours/wk) and those who reported no recreational physical activity at baseline (RR, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.78-1.04; P for trend = 0.31). We also did not observe an association between prostate cancer and recalled physical activity at age 40 or exercise reported in 1982. However, the incidence of aggressive prostate cancer was inversely associated with >35 metabolic equivalent-hours/wk of recreational physical activity compared with that in men who reported no recreational physical activity (RR, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.92; P for trend = 0.06). Our findings are consistent with most previous studies that found no association between recreational physical activity and overall prostate cancer risk but suggest physical activity may be associated with reduced risk of aggressive prostate cancer.

Discovery and fine-mapping of adiposity loci using high density imputation of genome-wide association studies in individuals of African ancestry: African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >300 loci associated with measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), but few have been identified through screening of the African ancestry genomes. We performed large scale meta-analyses and replications in up to 52,895 individuals for BMI and up to 23,095 individuals for WHRadjBMI from the African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium (AAAGC) using 1000 Genomes phase 1 imputed GWAS to improve coverage of both common and low frequency variants in the low linkage disequilibrium African ancestry genomes. In the sex-combined analyses, we identified one novel locus (TCF7L2/HABP2) for WHRadjBMI and eight previously established loci at P < 5×10-8: seven for BMI, and one for WHRadjBMI in African ancestry individuals. An additional novel locus (SPRYD7/DLEU2) was identified for WHRadjBMI when combined with European GWAS. In the sex-stratified analyses, we identified three novel loci for BMI (INTS10/LPL and MLC1 in men, IRX4/IRX2 in women) and four for WHRadjBMI (SSX2IP, CASC8, PDE3B and ZDHHC1/HSD11B2 in women) in individuals of African ancestry or both African and European ancestry. For four of the novel variants, the minor allele frequency was low (<5%). In the trans-ethnic fine mapping of 47 BMI loci and 27 WHRadjBMI loci that were locus-wide significant (P < 0.05 adjusted for effective number of variants per locus) from the African ancestry sex-combined and sex-stratified analyses, 26 BMI loci and 17 WHRadjBMI loci contained ≤ 20 variants in the credible sets that jointly account for 99% posterior probability of driving the associations. The lead variants in 13 of these loci had a high probability of being causal. As compared to our previous HapMap imputed GWAS for BMI and WHRadjBMI including up to 71,412 and 27,350 African ancestry individuals, respectively, our results suggest that 1000 Genomes imputation showed modest improvement in identifying GWAS loci including low frequency variants. Trans-ethnic meta-analyses further improved fine mapping of putative causal variants in loci shared between the African and European ancestry populations.

Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Diabetes, and Risk of Liver Cancer for U.S. Adults.

Abstract: Incidence rates for liver cancer have increased 3-fold since the mid-1970s in the United States in parallel with increasing trends for obesity and type II diabetes mellitus. We conducted an analysis of baseline body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and type II diabetes mellitus with risk of liver cancer. The Liver Cancer Pooling Project maintains harmonized data from 1.57 million adults enrolled in 14 U.S.-based prospective studies. Cox regression estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, study center, alcohol, smoking, race, and BMI (for WC and type II diabetes mellitus). Stratified analyses assessed whether the BMI-liver cancer associations differed by hepatitis sera-positivity in nested analyses for a subset of cases (n = 220) and controls (n = 547). After enrollment, 2,162 incident liver cancer diagnoses were identified. BMI, per 5 kg/m2, was associated with higher risks of liver cancer, more so for men (HR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.30-1.46) than women (HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17-1.35; Pinteraction = 0.02). WC, per 5 cm, was associated with higher risks of liver cancer, approximately equally by sex (overall, HR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.13). Type II diabetes mellitus was associated with higher risk of liver cancer (HR = 2.61; 95% CI, 2.34-2.91). In stratified analyses, there was a null association between BMI and liver cancer risk for participants who were sera-positive for hepatitis. This study suggests that high BMI, high WC, and type II diabetes mellitus are associated with higher risks of liver cancer and that the association may differ by status of viral hepatitis infection. Cancer Res; 76(20); 6076-83. ©2016 AACR.