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Institution

American Cancer Society

NonprofitAtlanta, Georgia, United States
About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: About one-fourth of patients with osteosarcoma unselected for family history had a highly penetrant germline mutation requiring additional follow-up analysis and possible genetic counseling with cascade testing.
Abstract: Importance Osteosarcoma, the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, occurs in a high number of cancer predisposition syndromes that are defined by highly penetrant germline mutations. The germline genetic susceptibility to osteosarcoma outside of familial cancer syndromes remains unclear. Objective To investigate the germline genetic architecture of 1244 patients with osteosarcoma. Design, Setting, and Participants Whole-exome sequencing (n = 1104) or targeted sequencing (n = 140) of the DNA of 1244 patients with osteosarcoma from 10 participating international centers or studies was conducted from April 21, 2014, to September 1, 2017. The results were compared with the DNA of 1062 individuals without cancer assembled internally from 4 participating studies who underwent comparable whole-exome sequencing and 27 173 individuals of non-Finnish European ancestry who were identified through the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) database. In the analysis, 238 high-interest cancer-susceptibility genes were assessed followed by testing of the mutational burden across 736 additional candidate genes. Principal component analyses were used to identify 732 European patients with osteosarcoma and 994 European individuals without cancer, with outliers removed for patient-control group comparisons. Patients were subsequently compared with individuals in the ExAC group. All data were analyzed from June 1, 2017, to July 1, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The frequency of rare pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic variants. Results Among 1244 patients with osteosarcoma (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 16 [8.9] years [range, 2-80 years]; 684 patients [55.0%] were male), an analysis restricted to individuals with European ancestry indicated a significantly higher pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant burden in 238 high-interest cancer-susceptibility genes among patients with osteosarcoma compared with the control group (732 vs 994, respectively;P = 1.3 × 10−18). A pathogenic or likely pathogenic cancer-susceptibility gene variant was identified in 281 of 1004 patients with osteosarcoma (28.0%), of which nearly three-quarters had a variant that mapped to an autosomal-dominant gene or a known osteosarcoma-associated cancer predisposition syndrome gene. The frequency of a pathogenic or likely pathogenic cancer-susceptibility gene variant was 128 of 1062 individuals (12.1%) in the control group and 2527 of 27 173 individuals (9.3%) in the ExAC group. A higher than expected frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants was observed in genes not previously linked to osteosarcoma (eg,CDKN2A,MEN1, VHL, POT1, APC,MSH2, andATRX) and in the Li-Fraumeni syndrome-associated gene,TP53. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, approximately one-fourth of patients with osteosarcoma unselected for family history had a highly penetrant germline mutation requiring additional follow-up analysis and possible genetic counseling with cascade testing.

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper proposes a new class of variable coefficient risk functions capable of capturing a variety of potentially non-linear associations which are suitable for health impact assessment and estimates the number of deaths attributable to changes in fine particulate matter concentrations over the 2000 to 2010 time period.
Abstract: The effectiveness of regulatory actions designed to improve air quality is often assessed by predicting changes in public health resulting from their implementation. Risk of premature mortality from long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is the single most important contributor to such assessments and is estimated from observational studies generally assuming a log-linear, no-threshold association between ambient concentrations and death. There has been only limited assessment of this assumption in part because of a lack of methods to estimate the shape of the exposure-response function in very large study populations. In this paper, we propose a new class of variable coefficient risk functions capable of capturing a variety of potentially non-linear associations which are suitable for health impact assessment. We construct the class by defining transformations of concentration as the product of either a linear or log-linear function of concentration multiplied by a logistic weighting function. These risk functions can be estimated using hazard regression survival models with currently available computer software and can accommodate large population-based cohorts which are increasingly being used for this purpose. We illustrate our modeling approach with two large cohort studies of long-term concentrations of ambient air pollution and mortality: the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS II) cohort and the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC). We then estimate the number of deaths attributable to changes in fine particulate matter concentrations over the 2000 to 2010 time period in both Canada and the USA using both linear and non-linear hazard function models.

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1979-Cancer
TL;DR: In a review of 1,186 cases of lung cancer found among 7,629 autopsied cases over a 21 year period a total of 82 peripheral cancers related to scars were found, constituting 1% of the autopsies cases and 7%, no relationship was found between smoking habits and scar cancer.
Abstract: In a review of 1,186 cases of lung cancer found amoung 7,629 autopsied cases over a 21 year period a total of 82 peripheral cancers related to scars were found, constituting 1% of the autopsied cases and 7% of the lung tumors. 15% of all lung tumors were peripheral (vs. bronchogenic) and the percentage rose from less than 7 in the time period of 1955 to 1960 to a little more than 23 in the 1970 to 1976 time period. 45% of all peripheral lung cancers originated in a scar. Less than 2% of all lung cancers were found associated with scars in the 1955 through 1959 time period. This increased to nearly 16% in the 1970 through 1975 time period. 72% of the scar cancers were adenocarcinomas and 18% were of squamous cell type. The rest were large cell undifferentiated carcinomas and none was oat cell or small cell type. Over three-quarters of these scar cancers were found in the upper lobes and more than half were related to infarcts. Less than a quarter were related to tuberculosis scars. No relationship was found between smoking habits and scar cancer.

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1980-Chest
TL;DR: In subjects occupationally exposed to asbestos, large numbers of asbestos bodies were found in the lungs, and in most of these, asbestos bodies are found in many of the other organs examined.

109 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gross examination of fresh tissue to estimate depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial adenocarcinoma is less reliable as the grade of the tumor increases, and alternative methods, such as frozen section, should be considered when evaluating depth of invasion.

109 citations


Authors

Showing all 1345 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Walter C. Willett3342399413322
Meir J. Stampfer2771414283776
Frank B. Hu2501675253464
David J. Hunter2131836207050
Edward Giovannucci2061671179875
Irving L. Weissman2011141172504
Bernard Rosner1901162147661
Susan E. Hankinson15178988297
Paolo Boffetta148145593876
Jeffrey A. Bluestone14351577080
Richard D. Smith140118079758
Garth D. Illingworth13750561793
Brian E. Henderson13771269921
Ahmedin Jemal132500380474
Michael J. Thun12939279051
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202312
20228
2021202
2020239
2019222
2018194