Institution
American Cancer Society
Nonprofit•Atlanta, Georgia, United States•
About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.
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TL;DR: Advanced spatial analysis revealed large pockets of the United States with excessive colorectal cancer death rates that warrant prioritized screening intervention.
Abstract: Background: Although colorectal cancer death rates in the United States have declined by half since 1970, large geographic disparities persist. Spatial identification of high-risk areas can facilitate targeted screening interventions to close this gap.
Methods: We used the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic within ArcGIS to identify contemporary colorectal cancer “hotspots” (spatial clusters of counties with high rates) based on county-level mortality data from the national vital statistics system. Hotspots were compared with the remaining aggregated counties (non-hotspot United States) by plotting trends from 1970 to 2011 and calculating rate ratios (RR). Trends were quantified using joinpoint regression.
Results: Spatial mapping identified three distinct hotspots in the contemporary United States where colorectal cancer death rates were elevated. The highest rates were in the largest hotspot, which encompassed 94 counties in the Lower Mississippi Delta [Arkansas (17), Illinois (16), Kentucky (3), Louisiana (6), Mississippi (27), Missouri (15), and Tennessee (10)]. During 2009 to 2011, rates here were 40% higher than the non-hotspot United States [RR, 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.34–1.46], despite being 18% lower during 1970 to 1972 (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78–0.86). The elevated risk was similar in blacks and whites. Notably, rates among black men in the Delta increased steadily by 3.5% per year from 1970 to 1990, and have since remained unchanged. Rates in hotspots in west central Appalachia and eastern Virginia/North Carolina were 18% and 9% higher, respectively, than the non-hotspot United States during 2009 to 2011.
Conclusions: Advanced spatial analysis revealed large pockets of the United States with excessive colorectal cancer death rates.
Impact: These well-defined areas warrant prioritized screening intervention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(8); 1151–6. ©2015 AACR .
This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 1149][1]
[1]: /lookup/volpage/24/1149?iss=8
88 citations
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TL;DR: There is no convincing evidence that past changes in cigarette design have resulted in an important health benefit to either smokers or the whole population, and tobacco control policies should not allow changes incigarette design to subvert or distract from interventions proven to reduce the prevalence, intensity, and duration of smoking.
Abstract: Cigarettes with lower machine measured “tar” and nicotine yields have been marketed as “safer” than high tar products over the last four decades, but there is conflicting evidence about the impact of these products on the disease burden caused by smoking. This paper critically examines the epidemiological evidence relevant to the health consequences of “reduced yield” cigarettes. Some epidemiological studies have found attenuated risk of lung cancer but not other diseases, among people who smoke “reduced yield” cigarettes compared to smokers of unfiltered, high yield products. These studies probably overestimate the magnitude of any association with lung cancer by over adjusting for the number of cigarettes smoked per day (one aspect of compensatory smoking), and by not fully considering other diVerences between smokers of “high yield” and “low yield” cigarettes. Selected cohort studies in the USA and UK show that lung cancer risk continued to increase among older smokers from the 1950s to the 1980s, despite the widespread adoption of lower yield cigarettes. The change to filter tip products did not prevent a progressive increase in lung cancer risk among male smokers who began smoking during and after the second world war compared to the first world war era smokers. National trends in vital statistics data show declining lung cancer death rates in young adults, especially males, in many countries, but the extent to which this is attributable to “reduced yield” cigarettes remains unclear. No studies have adequately assessed whether health claims used to market “reduced yield” cigarettes delay cessation among smokers who might otherwise quit, or increase initiation among non-smokers. There is no convincing evidence that past changes in cigarette design have resulted in an important health benefit to either smokers or the whole population. Tobacco control policies should not allow changes in cigarette design to subvert or distract from interventions proven to reduce the prevalence, intensity, and duration of smoking.
88 citations
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University of Chicago1, Georgetown University2, American Cancer Society3, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai4, University of Michigan5, Emory University6, American Association For Cancer Research7, Cancer Prevention Institute of California8, Harvard University9, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center10, National Institutes of Health11, Ohio State University12
TL;DR: The discipline grew from a focus on black-white differences to encompass differences in outcomes for a number of racial and ethnic groups, as well as for cohorts defined by age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and other social determinants of health.
Abstract: The academic field of cancer health disparities was stimulated by the U.S. civil rights movement. Concerns about civil rights led to concerns about equality in health care. The first publications to make the observation that black Americans have higher rates of death as a result of certain cancers
88 citations
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American Cancer Society1, National Institutes of Health2, Harvard University3, City of Hope National Medical Center4, George Washington University5, Karolinska Institutet6, Cancer Council Victoria7, University of Melbourne8, Loma Linda University9, Brigham and Women's Hospital10, Washington University in St. Louis11, Veterans Health Administration12, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center13, Johns Hopkins University14, University of Washington15, New York University16
TL;DR: It is suggested that overall, and possibly also central, obesity influence myeloma mortality, and women have the highest risk of death from this cancer if they remain heavy throughout adulthood.
Abstract: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare but highly fatal malignancy. High body weight is associated with this cancer, but several questions remain regarding the aetiological relevance of timing and location of body weight. To address these questions, we conducted a pooled analysis of MM mortality using 1·5 million participants (including 1388 MM deaths) from 20 prospective cohorts in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium. Proportional hazards regression was used to calculate pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Associations with elevated MM mortality were observed for higher early-adult body mass index (BMI; HR = 1·22, 95% CI: 1·09-1·35 per 5 kg/m(2) ) and for higher cohort-entry BMI (HR 1·09, 95% CI: 1·03-1·16 per 5 kg/m(2) ) and waist circumference (HR = 1·06, 95% CI: 1·02-1·10 per 5 cm). Women who were the heaviest, both in early adulthood (BMI 25+) and at cohort entry (BMI 30+) were at greater risk compared to those with BMI 18·5 ≤ 25 at both time points (HR = 1·95, 95% CI: 1·33-2·86). Waist-to-hip ratio and height were not associated with MM mortality. These observations suggest that overall, and possibly also central, obesity influence myeloma mortality, and women have the highest risk of death from this cancer if they remain heavy throughout adulthood.
87 citations
Authors
Showing all 1345 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Walter C. Willett | 334 | 2399 | 413322 |
Meir J. Stampfer | 277 | 1414 | 283776 |
Frank B. Hu | 250 | 1675 | 253464 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Edward Giovannucci | 206 | 1671 | 179875 |
Irving L. Weissman | 201 | 1141 | 172504 |
Bernard Rosner | 190 | 1162 | 147661 |
Susan E. Hankinson | 151 | 789 | 88297 |
Paolo Boffetta | 148 | 1455 | 93876 |
Jeffrey A. Bluestone | 143 | 515 | 77080 |
Richard D. Smith | 140 | 1180 | 79758 |
Garth D. Illingworth | 137 | 505 | 61793 |
Brian E. Henderson | 137 | 712 | 69921 |
Ahmedin Jemal | 132 | 500 | 380474 |
Michael J. Thun | 129 | 392 | 79051 |