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American Cancer Society

NonprofitAtlanta, Georgia, United States
About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The four-stage model of the cigarette epidemic still provides a reasonably useful description in many developed countries, but its relevance to developing countries could be improved by describing the stages of the epidemic separately for men and women.
Abstract: Objectives A four-stage model of the cigarette epidemic was proposed in 1994 to communicate the long delay between the widespread uptake of cigarette smoking and its full effects on mortality, as had been experienced in economically developed countries where cigarette smoking became entrenched decades earlier in men than in women. In the present work, the question of whether qualitative predictions from the model have matched recent trends in smoking and deaths from smoking in countries at various levels of economic development is assessed, and possible projections to the year 2025 are considered. Methods The proportion of all deaths attributed to tobacco was estimated indirectly for 41 high-resource and medium-resource countries from 1950 to the most recent year for which data were available, generally about 2005–2009. The trends in tobacco-attributed mortality in later middle age were then projected forward to 2025, based on recent trends in tobacco-attributed mortality in early middle age. Results In developed countries the prevalence of smoking has continued to decrease in both sexes, although the rate of decrease has slowed and is less than that predicted by the original version of the model. Over the past 20 years the proportionate contribution of smoking to all deaths has decreased in men while continuing to increase or plateau among women. Although the proportion of all deaths at ages 35–69 that are attributed to smoking is still generally greater in men than in women, the male and female proportions are converging and will probably cross over in some high resource countries. Projections through to 2025 suggest that male and female smoking prevalence and smoking-attributed mortality will decrease in parallel in most developed countries towards lower limits that are not yet defined. In developing countries the model seems generally applicable to men but cannot predict whether or when women will begin smoking in large numbers. Modified criteria that describe the stages of the epidemic separately for men and women would be more generalisable to developing countries. Conclusions The four-stage model of the cigarette epidemic still provides a reasonably useful description in many developed countries. Its relevance to developing countries could be improved by describing the stages of the epidemic separately for men and women.

442 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
L. von Karsa1, Julietta Patnick2, Julietta Patnick3, Nereo Segnan1, Wendy Atkin4, Stephen P Halloran5, Stephen P Halloran6, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar7, N. Malila, Silvia Minozzi, Sue Moss, Philip Quirke8, Robert Steele9, Michael Vieth, Lars Aabakken10, Lutz Altenhofen, R. Ancelle-Park, N. Antoljak11, A. Anttila, Paola Armaroli, S. Arrossi, Joan Austoker3, Rita Banzi12, Cristina Bellisario, J. Blom13, Hermann Brenner14, Michael Bretthauer15, M. Camargo Cancela1, Guido Costamagna, Jack Cuzick16, M. Dai17, Jill Daniel18, Jill Daniel1, Evelien Dekker19, N. Delicata, S. Ducarroz1, H. Erfkamp20, J. A. Espinàs, J. Faivre21, L. Faulds Wood, Anath Flugelman, S. Frkovic-Grazio22, Berta M. Geller23, Livia Giordano, Grazia Grazzini, Jane Green3, C. Hamashima24, C. Herrmann1, Paul Hewitson3, Geir Hoff, Holten Iw, R. Jover, Michal F. Kaminski, E. J. Kuipers7, Juozas Kurtinaitis, René Lambert1, Guy Launoy25, W. Lee26, R. Leicester27, Marcis Leja28, David A. Lieberman29, T Lignini1, Eric Lucas1, Elsebeth Lynge30, S. Mádai, J. Marinho, J. Maučec Zakotnik, G. Minoli, C. Monk31, António Pedro Delgado Morais, Richard Muwonge1, Marion R. Nadel32, L. Neamtiu, M. Peris Tuser, Michael Pignone33, Christian Pox34, M. Primic-Zakelj35, J. Psaila, Linda Rabeneck36, David F. Ransohoff33, M. Rasmussen30, Jaroslaw Regula, J. Ren1, Gad Rennert, J. F. Rey, Robert H. Riddell37, Mauro Risio, Vitor Rodrigues38, H. Saito24, Catherine Sauvaget1, Astrid Scharpantgen, Wolff Schmiegel34, Carlo Senore, Maqsood Siddiqi, D. Sighoko39, D. Sighoko1, Richard D. Smith18, Steve Smith40, Stepan Suchanek41, Eero Suonio1, W. Tong17, Sven Törnberg, E. Van Cutsem42, Luca Vignatelli, P. Villain3, Lydia Voti1, Lydia Voti43, Hidemi Watanabe44, Joanna Watson3, Sidney J. Winawer45, G. Young46, V. Zaksas, Marco Zappa, Roland Valori 
TL;DR: An overview of the principles, recommendations and standards in the guidelines for quality assurance in CRC screening and diagnosis are presented in journal format in an open-access Supplement of Endoscopy.
Abstract: Population-based screening for early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precursor lesions, using evidence-based methods, can be effective in populations with a significant burden of the disease provided the services are of high quality. Multidisciplinary, evidence-based guidelines for quality assurance in CRC screening and diagnosis have been developed by experts in a project co-financed by the European Union. The 450-page guidelines were published in book format by the European Commission in 2010. They include 10 chapters and over 250 recommendations, individually graded according to the strength of the recommendation and the supporting evidence. Adoption of the recommendations can improve and maintain the quality and effectiveness of an entire screening process, including identification and invitation of the target population, diagnosis and management of the disease and appropriate surveillance in people with detected lesions. To make the principles, recommendations and standards in the guidelines known to a wider professional and scientific community and to facilitate their use in the scientific literature, the original content is presented in journal format in an open-access Supplement of Endoscopy. The editors have prepared the present overview to inform readers of the comprehensive scope and content of the guidelines.

440 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined relationships among race, education level, and mortality from cancers of the lung, breast, prostate, colon and rectum, and all sites combined in contemporary US vital statistics.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although both race and socioeconomic status are well known to influence mortality patterns in the United States, few studies have examined the simultaneous influence of these factors on cancer incidence and mortality. We examined relationships among race, education level, and mortality from cancers of the lung, breast, prostate, colon and rectum, and all sites combined in contemporary US vital statistics. METHODS: Age-adjusted cancer death rates (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated for 137,708 deaths among 119,376,196 individuals aged 25-64 years, using race and education information from death certificates and population denominator data from the US Bureau of the Census, for 47 states and Washington, DC, in 2001. Relative risk (RR) estimates were used to compare cancer death rates in persons with 12 or fewer years of education with those in persons with more than 12 years of education. RESULTS: Educational attainment was strongly and inversely associated with mortality from all cancers combined in black and white men and in white women. The all-cancer death rates were nearly identical for black men and white men with 0-8 years of education (224.2 and 223.6 per 100,000, respectively). The estimated relative risk for all-cancer mortality comparing the three lowest ( 12 years) education categories was 2.38 (95% CI = 2.33 to 2.43) for black men, 2.24 (95% CI = 2.23 to 2.26) for white men, 1.43 (95% CI = 1.41 to 1.46) for black women, and 1.76 (95% CI = 1.75 to 1.78) for white women. For both men and women, the magnitude of the relative risks comparing the three lowest educational levels with the three highest within each race for all cancers combined and for lung and colorectal cancers was higher than the magnitude of the relative risks associated with race within each level of education, whereas for breast and prostate cancer the magnitude of the relative risks associated with race was higher than the magnitude of the relative risks associated with level of education within each racial group. Among the most important and novel findings were that black men who completed 12 or fewer years of education had a prostate cancer death rate that was more than double that of black men with more schooling (10.5 versus 4.8 per 100,000 men; RR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.82 to 2.58) and that, in contrast with studies of mortality rates in earlier time periods, breast cancer mortality rates were higher among women with less education than among women with more education (37.0 and 31.1 per 100,000, respectively, for black women and 25.2 versus 18.6 per 100,000, respectively, for white women). CONCLUSION: Cancer death rates vary considerably by level of education. Identifying groups at high risk of death from cancer by level of education as well as by race may be useful in targeting interventions and tracking cancer disparities.

439 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Low income was a strong predictor of mammography underuse, as was Hispanic ethnicity and other race, low educational attainment, age greater than 65, and residence in a rural area, as well as older women, particularly older Black women.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES. Proven screening technologies exist for both breast and cervical cancer, but they are underused by many women. We sought to evaluate the effect of demographic characteristics on the underuse of mammography and Pap smear screening. METHODS. We analyzed responses from 12,252 women who participated in the 1987 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Supplement. Demographic profiles were produced to target severely underserved groups of women. RESULTS. Low income was a strong predictor of mammography underuse, as was Hispanic ethnicity and other race, low educational attainment, age greater than 65, and residence in a rural area. A strong predictor of never having had a Pap smear was never having been married; however, the importance of this characteristic is difficult to interpret in the absence of data on sexual activity. Hispanic women and women of other races of all ages and all income levels underused Pap smear screening, as did older women, particularly older Black women. CONCLUSIONS...

439 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Report on colorectal cancer incidence trends from 1992 through 2005 among adults under age 50 years, for whom screening is not recommended for persons at average risk, by sex, race/ethnicity, age, stage at diagnosis, and anatomic subsite found rates increased among non-Hispanic Whites.
Abstract: The recent, accelerated decline in colorectal cancer incidence rates has largely been attributed to an increase in screening rates among adults 50 years and older. We used data from 13 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries to report on colorectal cancer incidence trends from 1992 through 2005 among adults under age 50 years, for whom screening is not recommended for persons at average risk, by sex, race/ethnicity, age, stage at diagnosis, and anatomic subsite. Overall, incidence rates of colorectal cancer per 100,000 young individuals (ages 20-49 years) increased 1.5% per year in men and 1.6% per year in women from 1992 to 2005. Among non-Hispanic Whites, rates increased for both men and women in each 10-year age grouping (20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years) and for every stage of diagnosis. The increase in incidence among non-Hispanic Whites was predominantly driven by rectal cancer, for which there was an average increase of 3.5% per year in men and 2.9% per year in women over the 13-year study interval. In contrast to the overall decreasing trend in colorectal cancer incidence in the United States, rates are increasing among men and women under age 50 years. Further studies are necessary to elucidate causes for this trend and identify potential prevention and early detection strategies.

438 citations


Authors

Showing all 1345 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Walter C. Willett3342399413322
Meir J. Stampfer2771414283776
Frank B. Hu2501675253464
David J. Hunter2131836207050
Edward Giovannucci2061671179875
Irving L. Weissman2011141172504
Bernard Rosner1901162147661
Susan E. Hankinson15178988297
Paolo Boffetta148145593876
Jeffrey A. Bluestone14351577080
Richard D. Smith140118079758
Garth D. Illingworth13750561793
Brian E. Henderson13771269921
Ahmedin Jemal132500380474
Michael J. Thun12939279051
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202312
20228
2021202
2020239
2019222
2018194