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Institution

American Cancer Society

NonprofitAtlanta, Georgia, United States
About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study provides strong evidence that multiple statistically distinct loci in this region affect smoking behavior, and is the first report of association between rs588765 (and correlates) and smoking that achieves genome-wide significance.
Abstract: Recently, genetic association findings for nicotine dependence, smoking behavior, and smoking-related diseases converged to implicate the chromosome 15q25.1 region, which includes the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 cholinergic nicotinic receptor subunit genes. In particular, association with the nonsynonymous CHRNA5 SNP rs16969968 and correlates has been replicated in several independent studies. Extensive genotyping of this region has suggested additional statistically distinct signals for nicotine dependence, tagged by rs578776 and rs588765. One goal of the Consortium for the Genetic Analysis of Smoking Phenotypes (CGASP) is to elucidate the associations among these markers and dichotomous smoking quantity (heavy versus light smoking), lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We performed a meta-analysis across 34 datasets of European-ancestry subjects, including 38,617 smokers who were assessed for cigarettes-per-day, 7,700 lung cancer cases and 5,914 lung-cancer-free controls (all smokers), and 2,614 COPD cases and 3,568 COPD-free controls (all smokers). We demonstrate statistically independent associations of rs16969968 and rs588765 with smoking (mutually adjusted p-values < 10(-35) and < 10(-8) respectively). Because the risk alleles at these loci are negatively correlated, their association with smoking is stronger in the joint model than when each SNP is analyzed alone. Rs578776 also demonstrates association with smoking after adjustment for rs16969968 (p < 10(-6)). In models adjusting for cigarettes-per-day, we confirm the association between rs16969968 and lung cancer (p < 10(-20)) and observe a nominally significant association with COPD (p = 0.01); the other loci are not significantly associated with either lung cancer or COPD after adjusting for rs16969968. This study provides strong evidence that multiple statistically distinct loci in this region affect smoking behavior. This study is also the first report of association between rs588765 (and correlates) and smoking that achieves genome-wide significance; these SNPs have previously been associated with mRNA levels of CHRNA5 in brain and lung tissue.

400 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This cohort study provides estimates of mortality effects from long-term exposure to elemental carbon, an indicator of black carbon mass, and evidence that ozone exerts an independent risk of mortality, and suggests sulphate seems to have the most robust effects in multiple-pollutant models.

400 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Meta-analysis including the most recent follow-up data from all eight RCTs involving women aged 40-49 at entry demonstrates for the first time a statistically significant mortality reduction due to regular screening mammography in women of this age group.
Abstract: Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of screening mammography have been conducted involving women aged 40‐49 at entry. Current data are now available from these trials at 10.5 to 18 years of follow-up (average follow-up time: 12.7 years). Meta-analysis has been performed using a Mantel-Haenszel estimator method to combine current follow-up data from the eight RCTs of mammography that included women aged 40‐49 at entry, including new followup data presented at the NIH Consensus Development Conference held January 21‐23, 1997. Combining the most recent follow-up data on women aged 40‐49 at entry into all eight RCTs yields a statistically significant 18% mortality reduction among women invited to screening mammography (relative risk: 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.71‐0.95). Combining all current follow-up data on women aged 40‐49 at entry into the five Swedish RCTs yields a statistically significant 29% mortality reduction among women invited to screening (relative risk: 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.57‐0.89). Meta-analysis including the most recent followup data from all eight RCTs involving women aged 40‐49 at entry demonstrates for the first time a statistically significant mortality reduction due to regular screening mammography in women of this age group. [Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 1997;22:87‐92]

398 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Criteria for successful screening is described, recent evidence and policy changes that have implications for cancer screening are discussed, and guidelines reviews that are underway are described.
Abstract: Each year, the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a summary of its recommendations for early cancer detection, including guideline updates, emerging issues that are relevant to screening for cancer, and a summary of the most current data on cancer screening rates for US adults. In 2006, there were no updates to ACS guidelines for early cancer detection. In this issue of the journal, we describe criteria for successful screening, discuss recent evidence and policy changes that have implications for cancer screening, summarize the ACS guidelines and describe guidelines reviews that are underway, and provide an update of the most recent data pertaining to participation rates in cancer screening from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC's) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

395 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The American Cancer Society Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline was developed to assist primary care clinicians and other health practitioners with the care of head and neck cancer survivors, including monitoring for recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, assessment and management of long-term and late effects, health promotion, and care coordination as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The American Cancer Society Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline was developed to assist primary care clinicians and other health practitioners with the care of head and neck cancer survivors, including monitoring for recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, assessment and management of long-term and late effects, health promotion, and care coordination. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed through April 2015, and a multidisciplinary expert workgroup with expertise in primary care, dentistry, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, clinical psychology, speech-language pathology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, the patient perspective, and nursing was assembled. While the guideline is based on a systematic review of the current literature, most evidence is not sufficient to warrant a strong recommendation. Therefore, recommendations should be viewed as consensus-based management strategies for assisting patients with physical and psychosocial effects of head and neck cancer and its treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:203-239. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

394 citations


Authors

Showing all 1345 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Walter C. Willett3342399413322
Meir J. Stampfer2771414283776
Frank B. Hu2501675253464
David J. Hunter2131836207050
Edward Giovannucci2061671179875
Irving L. Weissman2011141172504
Bernard Rosner1901162147661
Susan E. Hankinson15178988297
Paolo Boffetta148145593876
Jeffrey A. Bluestone14351577080
Richard D. Smith140118079758
Garth D. Illingworth13750561793
Brian E. Henderson13771269921
Ahmedin Jemal132500380474
Michael J. Thun12939279051
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202312
20228
2021202
2020239
2019222
2018194