American Cancer Society

About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.

Longer Therapy, Iatrogenic Amenorrhea, and Survival in Early Breast Cancer

Abstract: We randomly assigned 5351 patients with operable, node-positive, early-stage breast cancer to receive four cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by four cycles of docetaxel (sequential ACT); four cycles of doxorubicin and docetaxel (doxorubicin–docetaxel); or four cycles of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and docetaxel (con current ACT). The primary aims were to examine whether concurrent ACT was more effective than sequential ACT and whether the doxorubicin–docetaxel regimen would be as effective as the concurrent-ACT regimen. The secondary aims were to assess toxic effects and to correlate amenorrhea with outcomes in premenopausal women. Results At a median follow-up of 73 months, overall survival was improved in the sequentialACT group (8-year overall survival, 83%) as compared with the doxorubicin–docetaxel group (overall survival, 79%; hazard ratio for death, 0.83; P = 0.03) and the concurrentACT group (overall survival, 79%; hazard ratio, 0.86; P = 0.09). Disease-free survival was improved in the sequential-ACT group (8-year disease-free survival, 74%) as compared with the doxorubicin–docetaxel group (disease-free survival, 69%; hazard ratio for recurrence, a second malignant condition, or death, 0.80; P = 0.001) and the concurrent-ACT group (disease-free survival, 69%; hazard ratio, 0.83; P = 0.01). The doxorubicin–docetaxel regimen showed noninferiority to the concurrent-ACT regimen for overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.14). Overall survival was improved in patients with amenorrhea for 6 months or more across all treatment groups, independently of estrogen-receptor status. Conclusions Sequential ACT improved disease-free survival as compared with doxorubicin–docetaxel or concurrent ACT, and it improved overall survival as compared with doxorubicin– docetaxel. Amenorrhea was associated with improved survival regardless of the treatment and estrogen-receptor status. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00003782.)

The American cancer society national prostate cancer detection project. Findings on the detection of early prostate cancer in 2425 men

Abstract: The American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project (ACS-NPCDP) is a multidisciplinary, multicenter effort to assess the feasibility of early prostate cancer detection by digital rectal examination (DRE), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay. By June 1990, 2425 men not previously suspected of having prostate cancer had been examined in ten participating clinical centers according to the project protocol. Three hundred ninety-six men (16.3%) were recommended for biopsy on the basis of TRUS or DRE. An analysis of the results of 330 completed biopsies showed 52 cancers detected by DRE and/or TRUS. Forty-four (84.6%) of the men with cancer had positive TRUS examination results compared with 33 (63.5%) with positive DRE. Five additional cancers were discovered as a result of elevated PSA levels. The overall detection rate was 2.4% and this rate varied by age. The detection rate in men 55 to 60 years of age was 1.3% and this rose to 3.3% in men older than 65 years of age. The estimated sensitivity was significantly greater for TRUS compared with DRE (77.2% versus 57.9%; P less than 0.05). The estimated specificity of DRE was greater than that of TRUS (96.3% versus 89.4%; P less than 0.01). The positive predictive value (PPV) for the tests varied as a function of patient and disease characteristics. The overall PPV was 28.0% for DRE and 15.2% for TRUS. The occurrence of elevated PSA levels significantly increased the PPV of both TRUS and DRE. The majority of cancers detected were at early stages. These preliminary data suggest the feasibility of using these techniques to promote cancer control, but additional data and follow-up are needed to assess the significance of the results.

American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention.

Abstract: The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes the Diet and Physical Activity Guideline to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and community strategies and, ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. This guideline is developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and reflects the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS guideline focuses on recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or creates barriers to healthy behaviors. Therefore, this committee presents recommendations for community action to accompany the 4 recommendations for individual choices to reduce cancer risk. These recommendations for community action recognize that a supportive social and physical environment is indispensable if individuals at all levels of society are to have genuine opportunities to choose healthy behaviors. This 2020 ACS guideline is consistent with guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association for the prevention of coronary heart disease and diabetes as well as for general health promotion, as defined by the 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.