American Society of Plumbing Engineers

About: American Society of Plumbing Engineers is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Epilepsy & Curriculum. The organization has 26 authors who have published 35 publications receiving 619 citations.

Prevalence and pattern of epilepsy treatment in different socioeconomic classes in Brazil

Abstract: Summary: Purpose: The worldwide prevalence of epilepsy is variable, estimated at 10//1,000 people, and access to treatment is also variable. Many people go untreated, particularly in resource-poor countries. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of epilepsy and the proportion of people not receiving adequate treatment in different socioeconomic classes in Brazil, a resource-poor country. Methods: A door-to-door survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and treatment gap of epilepsy in three areas of two towns in Southeast Brazil with a total population of 96,300 people. A validated screening questionnaire for epilepsy (sensitivity 95.8%, specificity 97.8%) was used. A neurologist further ascertained positive cases. A validated instrument for socioeconomic classification was used. Results: Lifetime prevalence was 9.2/1,000 people [95% CI 8.4–10.0] and the prevalence of active epilepsy was 5.4/1,000 people. This was higher in the more deprived social classes (7.5/1,000 compared with 1.6/1,000 in the less deprived). Prevalence was also higher in elderly people (8.5/1,000). Thirty-eight percent of patients with active epilepsy had inadequate treatment (19% on no medication); the figures were similar in the different socioeconomic groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of epilepsy in Brazil is similar to other resource-poor countries, and the treatment gap is high. Epilepsy is more prevalent among less wealthy people and in elderly people. There is an urgent need for education in Brazil to inform people that epilepsy is a treatable, as well as preventable, condition.

Efficiency and Equity in European Education and Training Systems

Abstract: A la demande du Parlement europeen, les auteurs analysent et discutent la communication de la Commission europeenne au Parlement et au Conseil intitulee "Efficacite et equite des systemes europeens d'education et de formation" publiee en 2006 (COM(2006)481 final).

Densitometric analysis of the autogenous demineralized dentin matrix on the dental socket wound healing process in humans

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the autogenous demineralized dentin matrix (ADDM) on the third molar socket wound healing process in humans, using the guided bone regeneration technique and a polytetrafluoroethylene barrier (PTFE). Twenty-seven dental sockets were divided into three groups: dental socket (Control), dental socket with PTFE barrier (PTFE), and dental socket with ADDM slices associated to PTFE barrier (ADDM + PTFE). The dental sockets were submitted to radiographic bone densitometry analysis and statistical analysis on the 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th days using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p < or = 0.05). The radiographic analysis of the ADDM + PTFE group showed greater homogeneity of bone radiopacity than the Control group and the PTFE group, during all the observation times. The dentin matrix gradually disappeared from the dental socket during the course of the repair process, suggesting its resorption during the bone remodeling process. It was concluded that the radiographic bone density of the dental sockets treated with ADDM was similar to that of the surrounding normal bone on the 90th day. The ADDM was biocompatible with the bone tissue of the surgical wounds of human dental sockets. The radiographic analysis revealed that the repair process was discreetly faster in the ADDM + PTFE group than in the Control and PTFE groups, although the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, the radiographic image of the ADDM + PTFE group suggested that its bone architecture was better than that of the Control and PFTE groups.

Prejudice towards chronic diseases: comparison among epilepsy, AIDS and diabetes

Abstract: Summary Introduction Diseases have an additional negative meaning but with different magnitude. Epilepsy is considered a stigmatizing condition; however its magnitude is unknown in our society, a limited-resource country, as Brazil. Purpose To compare the stigma perception of epilepsy to other two chronic conditions: AIDS and diabetes in the city of Campinas, Brazil. Methods We interviewed people in two situations: on the streets (145 randomly selected people) and during a Meeting of Epilepsy (86 people). We asked three questions "What score would you rate for the prejudice that general population has towards: epilepsy, AIDS and diabetes" . The score ranges from 0 (no prejudice) to 10 (maximum prejudice), and was displayed to the interviewee in the format of a ruler. Results The median (upper and lower 95% confidence interval) prejudice score of lay people was 9 (7.8–8.6) for AIDS, 7 (6.1–7.0) for epilepsy and 2 (2.5–3.5) for diabetes. The median prejudice score of people with epilepsy and relatives was 9 (6.9–8.1) for AIDS, 7 (6.4–7.5) for epilepsy and 2.5 (2.9–4.2) for diabetes. Discussion There is a difference in the perception of prejudice towards people with chronic diseases; AIDS had the highest level of stigma and diabetes the lowest, and epilepsy was in the intermediate position but closer to AIDS.

National demonstration project on epilepsy in Brazil

Abstract: Epilepsy is the most prevalent non-communicable serious neurological condition worldwide. Unfortunately, the majority of people with epilepsy in low-income countries do not receive appropriate treatment. Stigmatisation is the rule. In this setting, the World Health Organisation, the International League against Epilepsy and the International Bureau for Epilepsy launched the Global Campaign against Epilepsy in 1997. This entered its second phase in 2001 and as part of it has set up demonstration projects in the People's Republic of China, Zimbabwe, Senegal and, more recently, in Brazil. The objective of the demonstration projects is to show, through methodological evaluation, that it is possible to establish a model of treatment for people with epilepsy in primary health care settings. The Brazilian demonstration project has targeted regions in Campinas and Sao Jose do Rio Preto, both in Sao Paulo State. A task force has been established to assess strategies to expand this project nationwide.