Showing papers by "Annamalai University published in 2021"
TL;DR: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been extensively used in microplastic (MP) pollution research since 2004 as mentioned in this paper, and the aim of this review is to discuss and highlight the recent advances i...
Abstract: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been extensively used in microplastic (MP) pollution research since 2004. The aim of this review is to discuss and highlight the recent advances i...
155 citations
TL;DR: The first attempt to comprehend the ecological risk of microplastics (MPs) in sediments along the Indian coast using meta-data was made in this paper, where the authors evaluated the quality of sediments using three metrics: polymer hazard index (PHI), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (PERI).
87 citations
TL;DR: The study detected the presence of microplastics in 28 sediment samples and 31 water samples from the collected samples and found that the collected water and sediment samples deposited with polymer type of plastic particles were nylon, polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride.
77 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the basic processes on the advanced patterns of the eco-friendly and various approaches involved in the green synthesis and its mechanism particularly accounted to metal and metal-based oxides like silver (Ag), gold (Au), zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles with the aid of plant extracts.
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method was adopted for the synthesis of polypyrrole - iron oxide - seaweed nanocomposite, which was prepared within a short time using ultra-assisted polymerization technique.
54 citations
01 Apr 2021
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of Alccofine on the compressive strength of concrete cubes was investigated. But, the results were analyzed and presented in the form of charts and graphs.
Abstract: In the modern era, many research works are going on throughout the world for finding suitable cementitious material for the replacement of cement since it causes environmental pollution. In this order Fly ash, Silica fume, GGBS, Metakaolin, Micro materials, Quartz powder, etc. are tried out for replacing partially or fully the cement in concrete. A new ultrafine material called Alccofine (AF) which is manufactured from glass wastes is tried out for replacing partially in this research. Compressive strength is one of the important properties of cement. Strength tests are not made on neat cement paste because of difficulties of excessive shrinkage and subsequent cracking of neat cement. Cement mortar of 1:3 mix proportion is used to cast the cubes having an area of 50 cm2 are used for the determination of compressive strength of cement as per IS: 4031-1988 (Part-6). The graded Indian Standard sand (Ennore Sand -ES) confirming to IS: 650-1991 is used for preparing the cubes. In the same mix proportion, the same size cubes are cast with the River Sand (RS) to study the difference of the compressive strength between the Indian standard sand and river sand. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cements (PPC) are used. The present study is the influence of Alccofine on cement mortar cubes by replacing the cement by Alccofine with various proportions like 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% were cast and tested in the laboratory as per Indian Standard 4301-1988 (Part-6) and the results were analysed and presented in the form of charts and graphs. It is observed that the early age strength is obtained for all the combinations but 10 percent of Alccofine yields more strength than other dosages. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01265 Full Text: PDF
52 citations
TL;DR: Inconel 718 is a nickel-ferrous-chromium based superalloy extensively used in the aerospace sector at elevated temperature up to 650°C due to its better mechanical properties and weldability as discussed by the authors.
51 citations
TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of these compounds will be evaluated in future.
50 citations
TL;DR: The simulation results and comparisons with the other state-of-the-art heuristic algorithms confirm that the proposed multi-objective squirrel search algorithm for combined economic and environmental power dispatching can obtain a better trade-off between fuel cost and emission objectives.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the sorption ability of a novel nano-composite, Polypyrrole -iron oxide-seaweed (PPy - Fe3O4-SW), for hexavalent chromium removal was analyzed using FTIR, SEM and EDS.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel anaerobic mixed consortium mediation method was applied for the removal of phenol and achieved a maximum phenol removal of 87.65% was achieved at pH:5.8.
TL;DR: GLCM, Moment Invariants and GLRLM features are extracted in this research work and combined SVM+RF classifier provided better results than other classifiers.
TL;DR: Two new heuristics algorithms namely gravitational approach based clustering method and a clustered gravitational routing algorithm have been proposed in this paper for providing an optimal solution for efficient clustering and effective routing.
Abstract: Wireless sensor networks consist of many tiny sensor nodes which are deployed in various geographical locations for sensing the normal spectacles and also to transmit the collected information to the base station which is also named destination node through multiple nodes present in the network. Most of the existing heuristics algorithms used for finding the optimal routes have limitations in the provision of effective solutions for routing and clustering mechanisms in larger search spaces. Hence, when the search space increases exponentially, the chance of creating the optimal solution for clustering and routing is decreasing and ultimately an un-optimized process depletes the sensor node resources. In order to address the challenges and limitations present in the existing routing systems, two new heuristics algorithms namely gravitational approach based clustering method and a clustered gravitational routing algorithm have been proposed in this paper for providing an optimal solution for efficient clustering and effective routing. Moreover, a fuzzy logic based deductive inference system has been designed and used in this work for selecting the most appropriate nodes as cluster head nodes from the nodes present in each cluster. The simulation results obtained from this work show that the clustering accuracy and the network lifetime are increased and the energy consumption as well as delay are reduced with the application of these proposed algorithms.
TL;DR: Silver oxide nanoparticles were biosynthesized using culture supernatant of Bacillus paramycoides and evaluated for its antibiofilm activity and cytotoxic potentiality and revealed that Ag2O NPs cause release of intracellular constituents including proteins through membrane damage leading to the bacterial cell death.
TL;DR: The study found that the level of heavy metals at various sources in the Sanctuary is showing considerable warning and the sanctuary is required intensive assessment on various aspects of pollution since the Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary is supporting several species of migratory and endangered shorebirds seasonally.
TL;DR: In this article, a green approach was used to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles via green approaches using leaf extract of Parthenium hysterophorus, which revealed strong antimicrobial activity against both bacterial and fungal strains.
TL;DR: In this article, the effective utilisation of WPOI in a light-duty, water-cooled, four-stroke, direct-injection diesel engine was investigated.
Abstract: This study aims at the effective utilisation of WPO in a light-duty, water-cooled, four-stroke, direct-injection diesel engine. For this purpose, WPO was extracted from mixed waste plastic via cata...
TL;DR: An energy efficient and trust based routing model is designed using proposed Exponentially-Ant Lion Whale Optimization (E-ALWO) algorithm to route the data packets to receiver using cluster head through cluster head.
TL;DR: The proposed quad band Triangular Microstrip antenna designed for IEEE 802.11a WLAN, C band downlink communication and x band radar applications is suggested and yields better return and gain by resonating in 3.5 GHz, 4.1 GHz, 5.6 GHz and 9.7 GHz.
TL;DR: In this article, the potential of brown algae, Sargassum polycystum, was investigated for the removal of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), under controlled environmental conditions.
Abstract: In this research work, the biosorption potential of brown algae, Sargassum polycystum, was investigated for the removal of toxic metals, cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), under controlled environmental conditions. The biosorbent prepared from the S. polycystum was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The optimal conditions identified using Box-Behnken design (BBD) for Cd removal were pH: 4.65, biosorbent mass: 1.8 g/L and shaking speed: 76 rpm. For zinc, the optimum values were pH: 5.7, biosorbent mass: 1.2 g/L and shaking speed: 125 rpm, respectively. The equilibrium uptake of the metals, Cd and Zn, was evaluated by isotherm models. The Langmuir isotherm proved to be an excellent fit confirming single layer of sorption. The maximum Cd and Zn uptakes achieved were 105.26 mg/g and 116.2 mg/g respectively. The kinetics of Cd and Zn biosorption onto brown algae Sargassum polycystum, follows pseudo-second order. The thermodynamic parameters were determined, and the sorption process was found to be feasible. Desorption studies of Cd and Zn were performed, and the bio sorbent reproduced appreciable efficiency for five successive cycles of sorption-desorption process using HCl.
TL;DR: It was eventually concluded that the synthesized AgNPs showed promising antibacterial and anticancer activity against HepG2 liver cancer cells by promoting the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration on very low concentration.
Abstract: The synthesis of nanoparticles by biological routes may leads to the development of clean, non-toxic and environmentally acceptable green chemistry procedures. In this context, the present study was aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaf extract of Parthenium hysterophorus and to evaluate its antibacterial and anticancer activity. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV–Vis, FTIR, XRD and TEM. The AgNPs were tested against clinical pathogens viz. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with the maximum zone of inhibition 18, 19, 13, 17 and 12 mm, respectively at 80 µg/ml concentration. The cytotoxic assay (MTT) of synthesized AgNPs against HepG2 liver cancer cells showed significant inhibition by reducing cell viability below 50% at 53 μg/ml concentration promising the anticancer effect. The wound healing assay was performed to confirm the proliferation of HepG2 cells and the inhibition of growth observed at 50 µg/ml concentration in the 24 h treatment of AgNPs when compared with control. It was eventually concluded that the synthesized AgNPs showed promising antibacterial and anticancer activity against HepG2 liver cancer cells by promoting the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration on very low concentration.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the synthesis of environmentally benign green emulsion liquid membrane (GELM) employing waste cooking oil (WCO) as diluent, and the emulsion was prepared using D2EHPA as the carrier, Span 80 as surfactant and sulphuric acid as internal/stripping agent.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the significant spatial and seasonal variation on the abundance of microplastics and their physiochemical nature along the Mandovi-Zuari estuarine system of Goa, west coast of India.
TL;DR: Most microorganisms are used as a foundation of bioplastic production and also used for the decomposition of plastics Although bioplastics production is considered expensive than artificial plastic, it has many advantages over them.
TL;DR: In this article, Azolla microphylla plant which grows on the water surfaces can be a potential feedstock for the production of biodiesel was extracted from the azolla plant by the solvent extraction method.
TL;DR: In this paper, a review is focused to better understand the AD inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes to develop novel anti-inflammatory drugs to slow down the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with no clear causative event making the disease difficult to diagnose and treat. The pathological hallmarks of AD include amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and widespread neuronal loss. Amyloid-beta has been extensively studied and targeted to develop an effective disease-modifying therapy, but the success rate in clinical practice is minimal. Recently, neuroinflammation has been focused on as the event in AD progression to be targeted for therapies. Various mechanistic pathways including cytokines and chemokines, complement system, oxidative stress, and cyclooxygenase pathways are linked to neuroinflammation in the AD brain. Many cells including microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes work together to protect the brain from injury. This review is focused to better understand the AD inflammatory and immunoregulatory processes to develop novel anti-inflammatory drugs to slow down the progression of AD.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a reduce, reuse and recycle strategy to control elevated CO2 levels by preventing deforestation, using renewable energy as an alternative for fossil fuels and reusing the atmospheric CO2.
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental investigation was carried out to study the performance of the diesel engine, its combustion behaviour and emission aspects while operating it with biofuels viz. camphor oil (CMO), cedarwood oil (CWO), wintergreen oil (WGO), and lemon peel oil (LPO).
TL;DR: In this article, a review is intended to understand the nature of diabetic nephropathy risk factors, progression, effects of glycemic levels, and stages of DN, and explore the novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for DN such as gene therapy and stem cell treatments.
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to many health problems like diabetic nephropathy (DN). One of the key factors for chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is T2DM. Extensive work is being done to delineate the pathogenesis of DN and to extend possible remedies. This review is intended to understand the nature of DN risk factors, progression, effects of glycemic levels, and stages of DN. We also explored the novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for DN such as gene therapy and stem cell treatments.
TL;DR: In this paper, multilevel thresholding with the most propitious maximizing objective functions such as Kapur, Otsu and Minimum Cross Entropy (MCE) to extract the precise threshold are employed in this paper.
Abstract: Color image segmentation is the primary step to elicit detailed information of the image with RGB color space. The key to acquire the region of interest is the straightforward, instinctual technique called thresholding. Bi-level thresholding can be assessed concretely for simple images, whereas revealing various classes from a complex image is achieved only through multiple threshold values. Hence, multilevel thresholding with the most propitious maximizing objective functions such as Kapur, Otsu and Minimum Cross Entropy (MCE) to extract the precise threshold are employed in this paper. As the segmentation level increases, execution of non-parametric objective functions leads to exponential increase in computational time. Several researches to enhance the speed of objective functions along with various metaheuristics such as Krill Herd Algorithm (KHA), Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO) and Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) are performed. The need to unlock the computational complexity drifted our view towards the most powerful, robust, recently introduced metaheuristic Exchange Market Algorithm (EMA). EMA involves exchange of shares among investors to gain profit. The strategic approach of share members in stable and unstable modes of the market results in precise exploration and exploitation. Furthermore, low fitness shareholders gaining experience from their high and moderate counterparts, stands out as an exceptional step to reduce the time consumption. This concept is utilized in our paper for the first time to obtain the exact details from the image without any delay. Empirical outcome of the results indicates that exceptional image segmentation is achieved by EMA in less time compared to extensive search techniques such as KHA, TLBO and CSA. Quantitative and qualitative validation furnished by metrics such as Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), computational time, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and statistical Wilcoxon test affirm that Otsu, Kapur and MCE based EMA outperforms the existing techniques to analyze the real-world images.