Annamalai University

About: Annamalai University is a education organization based out in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Lipid peroxidation & Antioxidant. The organization has 8098 authors who have published 10758 publications receiving 203872 citations.

Optimization of rhamnolipid biosurfactant production from Serratia rubidaea SNAU02 under solid-state fermentation and its biocontrol efficacy against Fusarium wilt of eggplant

Abstract: This work was aimed to explore rhamnolipid production under solid state fermentation using a potential substrate mahua oil cake and to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of rhamnolipid against Fusarium wilt of eggplant. The combination of Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design was employed to optimize higher biosurfactant production. Therefore, four factors viz., substrate concentration, inoculum size, pH and temperature were selected for optimization of rhamnolipid production. The results revealed that the optimum conditions for reduction of surface tension were mahua oil cake 7.78 g, 2.4 ml inoculum size (1 × 108 cells/ml), pH 7 and 30° C temperature. To evaluate the biocontrol efficacy the application of rhamnolipid at various concentrations (0, 100, 250 and 500 μg/ml) by soil and foliar application were employed in the pot culture assay. In vitro study indicated that rhamnolipid producing strain SNAU02 was the most effective antagonist against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae and used for pot culture study. On the basis of economic analysis, treatment T9 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Melongenae ( × 106 spores/ml) + 50 ml of 250 μg biosurfactant/ml to soil + foliar spraying of biosurfactant (250 μg/ml) ranked among the efficacious treatments and was just as effective as a synthetic fungicide. In control treatment, occurrence of disease severity and disease incidence was observed from early stage of crop growth until harvest stage. The pot experiment results indicated that SNAU02 rhamnolipid could be a promising agent in the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt of eggplant, which might help to minimize the yield loss of eggplant.

Quercetin potentially attenuates cadmium induced oxidative stress mediated cardiotoxicity and dyslipidemia in rats.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cadmium is one of the potent cardiotoxic heavy metals in the en - vironment, which induces oxidative stress, dys - lipidemia and membrane disturbances in heart. Quercetin is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger against oxidative stress. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of quercetin (QE) on cardiac marker en - zymes, lipid peroxidation products, lipid profile, membrane bound ATPases and antioxidant sta - tus in cadmium (Cd)-intoxicated rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty four male albino rats were used. Cadmium induced oxidative cardiotoxicity was induced by the oral administra - tion of Cd for four weeks. Quercetin was pretreat - ed along with Cd for four weeks to assess its car - dioprotective effect against Cd intoxication. Rats treated with vehicles alone were used as controls. RESULTS: Rats intoxicated with cadmium (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks in combination with quercetin (50 mg/kg/day) respectively. Cd-in - duced cardiotoxicity and dyslipidemia was indi - cated by increased activities of marker enzymes such as creatine kinase-MB, aspartate transami - nase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phos - phatase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. In addition, the levels of lipid peroxidation products and protein carbonyl contents in heart were sig - nificantly ( p < 0.05) increased and the activities of enzymic antioxidants such as superoxide dis - mutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glu - tathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase in the heart and non-enzymic antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamin C and E in the heart were significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased in Cd intoxicat - ed rats. The levels total cholesterol (TC), triglyc - erides (TG), phospholipidis (PL), free fatty acids (FFA), LDL andVLDL were significantly ( p < 0.05) increased and the level of HDL was significantly decreased in the serum of Cd-treated rats. Cd in - toxication also increased the levels ofTC,TG and FFA and decreased the level of PL in the heart tissue. Further Cd treatment significantly ( p < 0.05) decreased the levels of membrane bound ATP ases in heart. QE treatment along with Cd showed significant protective effect on all the biochemical parameters studied. Histopathologi - cal findings of QE and Cd treated heart con -