Annamalai University

About: Annamalai University is a education organization based out in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Lipid peroxidation & Antioxidant. The organization has 8098 authors who have published 10758 publications receiving 203872 citations.

Nano-Ag particles doped TiO2 for efficient photodegradation of Direct azo dyes

Abstract: Silver nanoparticles doped TiO2 has been prepared and characterised by surface analytical methods such as BET surface area, scanning electron micrographs (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray micro analysis (EDX), electron spin resonance (ESR) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). We have investigated the photocatalytic degradation of two Direct diazo dyes, Direct red 23 (DR 23) and Direct blue 53 (DB 53) in the aqueous suspensions of TiO2 and Ag deposited TiO2 nanoparticles under UV-A light irradiation in order to evaluate the various effects of silver deposition on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The presence of silver in TiO2 was found to enhance the photodegradation of DR 23 and DB 53. The higher activity of silver doped TiO2 is due to the enhancement of electron–hole separation by the electron trapping of silver particles.

Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats.

Abstract: Flavonoids are non-nutritive dietary components that are widely distributed in plants. The present study investigated the antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes as induced in rats by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Rutin was orally administered to normal and diabetic rats for a period of 45 days. Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides were significantly (P<0.05) increased, whereas insulin, C-peptide, total haemoglobin, protein levels, non-enzymic antioxidants (glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E and ceruloplasmin) were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic rats. Oral administration of rutin to diabetic rats significantly (P<0.05) decreased fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and increased insulin, C-peptide, haemoglobin and protein levels. Administration of rutin also decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxides and increased the non-enzymic antioxidants significantly (P<0.05). Treatment of normal rats with rutin did not significantly (P<0.05) alter any of the parameters studied. These results show that rutin exhibits antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Carcinoma of the stomach: A review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular genetics and chemoprevention

Abstract: Carcinoma of the stomach is still the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide, although the incidence and mortality have fallen dramatically over the last 50 years in many regions. The incidence of gastric cancer varies in different parts of the world and among various ethnic groups. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate of stomach cancer is only 20 per cent. Stomach cancer can be classified into intestinal and diffuse types based on epidemiological and clinicopathological features. The etiology of gastric cancer is multifactorial and includes both dietary and nondietary factors. The major diet-related risk factors implicated in stomach cancer development include high content of nitrates and high salt intake. Accumulating evidence has implicated the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. The development of gastric cancer is a complex, multistep process involving multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes, cell cycle regulators, and signaling molecules. A plausible program for gastric cancer prevention involves intake of a balanced diet containing fruits and vegetables, improved sanitation and hygiene, screening and treatment of H. pylori infection, and follow-up of precancerous lesions. The fact that diet plays an important role in the etiology of gastric cancer offers scope for nutritional chemoprevention. Animal models have been extensively used to analyze the stepwise evolution of gastric carcinogenesis and to test dietary chemopreventive agents. Development of multitargeted preventive and therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer is a major challenge for the future.

Nanotherapeutics to Overcome Conventional Cancer Chemotherapy Limitations

Abstract: Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide and chemotherapy is a major therapeutic approach for the treatment which may be used alone or combined with other forms of therapy. However, conventional chemotherapy suffers lack of aqueous solubility, lack of selectivity and multidrug resistance. Nanotherapeutics is rapidly progressing aimed to solve several limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. Nonspecific target of cancer chemotherapy leads to damage rapidly proliferating normal cells and can be significantly reduced through folate and transferrin mediated nanotherapeutics which are aimed to target cancerous cells. Multidrug resistance is challenge in cancer chemotherapy which can be significantly reversed by solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, nanoparticulated chemosensitizer, nanoparticluated poloxamer and magnetic nanoparticles. Hydrophobic nature of chemotherapeutics leads to poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability which can be overcome by nanocrystals, albumin based nanoparticles, liposomal formulation, polymeric micelles, cyclodextrin and chitosan based nanoparticles. This review focuses the role of nanotherapeutics to overcome lack of selectivity, multidrug resistance and lack of aqueous solubility of conventional cancer chemotherapy.