Applied Biosystems

About: Applied Biosystems is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Mass spectrometry & Capillary electrophoresis. The organization has 1521 authors who have published 1579 publications receiving 285423 citations.

Identification of Amadori-Modified Plasma Proteins in Type 2 Diabetes and the Effect of Short-Term Intensive Insulin Treatment

Abstract: OBJECTIVE —Growing evidence supports that nonenzymatic glycation products may cause hyperglycemia-induced diabetes complications. Amadori-modified proteins are the intermediate products of nonenzymatic glycation and constitute the forms of glycated proteins in diabetes. The objective of the current study was to utilize two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, Western blot, and mass spectrometry to identify Amadori-modified plasma proteins in type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control and assess the impact of short-term insulin treatment on the glycation of these proteins. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS —We compared eight type 2 diabetic subjects (aged 56 ± 3 years and BMI 29.7 ± 0.9 kg/m 2 ) with an average diabetes duration of 8.5 years (range 3–19) with equal numbers of weight-matched (aged 56 ± 2 years and BMI 30.1 ± 10.0 kg/m 2 ) and lean (aged 58 ± 2 years and BMI 25 ± 00.5 kg/m 2 ) nondiabetic subjects who have no first-degree relatives with diabetes. Two separate blood samples were collected from the type 2 diabetic subjects, one following 2 weeks of withdrawal of all antidiabetic medications (T 2 D−; plasma glucose 12.6 ± 1.0 mmol/l) and another following 10 days of intensive insulin treatment (T 2 D+; plasma glucose 5.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l). Plasma proteins were separated using single and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Western blot analysis was performed, and several proteins, which reacted with the Amadori-antibody (1-deoxyfructosyl lysine), were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS —No significant differences in the glycation of proteins between the obese and lean groups were noted, but type 2 diabetic patients had several proteins with higher glycation than the control groups. We identified 12 plasma proteins with reduced reaction to the anti-Amadori antibody upon intensive insulin treatment. A significant ( P 2 D− and control subjects for all these proteins except the Ig light chain. Insulin treatment reduced Amadori modification of albumin (23.2%, P P P P P CONCLUSIONS —The current approach offers the opportunity to identify Amadori modification of many proteins that may cause functional alterations and offers the potential for monitoring short-term glycemic control in diabetic patients.

Differential expression of apoptotic genes PDIA3 and MAP3K5 distinguishes between low- and high-risk prostate cancer

Abstract: Despite recent progress in the identification of genetic and molecular alterations in prostate cancer, markers associated with tumor progression are scarce. Therefore precise diagnosis of patients and prognosis of the disease remain difficult. This study investigated novel molecular markers discriminating between low and highly aggressive types of prostate cancer. Using 52 microdissected cell populations of low- and high-risk prostate tumors, we identified via global cDNA microarrays analysis almost 1200 genes being differentially expressed among these groups. These genes were analyzed by statistical, pathway and gene enrichment methods. Twenty selected candidate genes were verified by quantitative real time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In concordance with the mRNA levels, two genes MAP3K5 and PDIA3 exposed differential protein expression. Functional characterization of PDIA3 revealed a pro-apoptotic role of this gene in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Our analyses provide deeper insights into the molecular changes occurring during prostate cancer progression. The genes MAP3K5 and PDIA3 are associated with malignant stages of prostate cancer and therefore provide novel potential biomarkers.

Genetic Analysis and Attribution of Microbial Forensics Evidence

Abstract: Because of the availability of pathogenic microorganisms and the relatively low cost of preparing and disseminating bioweapons, there is a continuing threat of biocrime and bioterrorism. Thus, enhanced capabilities are needed that enable the full and robust forensic exploitation and interpretation of microbial evidence from acts of bioterrorism or biocrimes. To respond to the need, greater resources and efforts are being applied to the burgeoning field of microbial forensics. Microbial forensics focuses on the characterization, analysis and interpretation of evidence for attributional purposes from a bioterrorism act, biocrime, hoax or inadvertent agent release. To enhance attribution capabilities, a major component of microbial forensics is the analysis of nucleic acids to associate or eliminate putative samples. The degree that attribution can be addressed depends on the context of the case, the available knowledge of the genetics, phylogeny, and ecology of the target microorganism, and technologies applied. The types of genetic markers and features that can impact statistical inferences of microbial forensic evidence include: single nucleotide polymorphisms, repetitive sequences, insertions and deletions, mobile elements, pathogenicity islands, virulence and resistance genes, house keeping genes, structural genes, whole genome sequences, asexual and sexual reproduction, horizontal gene transfer, conjugation, transduction, lysogeny, gene conversion, recombination, gene duplication, rearrangements, and mutational hotspots. Nucleic acid based typing technologies include: PCR, real-time PCR, MLST, MLVA, whole genome sequencing, and microarrays.

Proteome modifications of blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) gills as an effect of water pollution

Abstract: The discharge of chemicals such as oil associated or not with derived products constitutes a real threat for the environment. We report here the differential expression of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) gill proteins corresponding to two contaminated environmental conditions: crude oil and offshore produced water. In order to evaluate and understand contaminants, effects and adaptive response of these organisms, we identified proteins using MS. The latter can be grouped into three main classes: proteins involved in the cellular structure, in metabolism, and in defence proteins.