Showing papers by "Applied Science Private University published in 1993"
TL;DR: Current evidence suggests that tachykinin coexistence and expression of multiple receptors may also occur with postulated NK-2 and NK-1 receptor subtypes, and the convenient working hypothesis of three endogenous ligands for three basic receptor types may be too simplistic and in need of amendment.
Abstract: The last decade has witnessed major breakthroughs in the study of tachykinin receptors. The currently described NK-1, NK-2, and NK-3 receptors have been sequenced and cloned from various mammalian sources. A far greater variety of tachykinin analogues are now available for use as selective agonists and antagonists. Importantly, potent nonpeptide antagonists highly selective for the NK-1 and NK-2 receptors have been developed recently. These improved tools for tachykinin receptor characterization have enabled us to describe at least three distinct receptor types. Furthermore, novel antagonists have yielded radioligand binding and functional data strongly favoring the existence of putative subtypes of NK-1 and especially NK-2 receptors. Whether these subtypes are species variants or true within-species subtypes awaits further evidence. As yet undiscovered mammalian tachykinins, or bioactive fragments, may have superior potency at a specific receptor class. The common C terminus of tachykinins permits varying degrees of interaction at essentially all tachykinin receptors. Although the exact physiological significance of this inherent capacity for receptor "cross talk" remains unknown, one implication is for multiple endogenous ligands at a single receptor. For example, NP gamma and NPK appear to be the preferred agonists and binding competitors at some NK-2 receptors, previously thought of as exclusively "NKA-preferring." Current evidence suggests that tachykinin coexistence and expression of multiple receptors may also occur with postulated NK-2 and NK-1 receptor subtypes. Other "tachykinin" receptors may recognize preprotachykinins and the N terminus of SP. In light of these recent developments, the convenient working hypothesis of three endogenous ligands (SP, NKA, and NKB) for three basic receptor types (NK-1, NK-2, and NK-3) may be too simplistic and in need of amendment as future developments occur (Burcher et al., 1991b). In retrospect, the 1980s contributed greatly to our understanding of the structure, function, and regulation of tachykinins and their various receptors. The development of improved, receptor subtype-selective antagonists and radioligands, in addition to recent advances in molecular biological techniques, may lead to a more conclusive pharmacological and biochemical characterization of tachykinin receptors. The 1990s may prove to be the decade of application, where a better understanding of the roles played by endogenous tachykinins (at various receptor subtypes) under pathophysiological conditions will no doubt hasten the realization of clinically useful therapeutic agents.
212 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, given time to accept the caregiving role, emotional carers are receptive to learning about stroke and the stroke patient's needs and best predicted from pre-seminar knowledge and age.
Abstract: This study examines the effects of distress on the capacity of informal caregivers of stroke patients to absorb information about stroke and caregiving. Thirty-seven caregivers took part in a stroke seminar. Minor psychiatric symptoms were related to caregivers' knowledge prior to the seminar, with the more emotionally distressed being the least knowledgeable. The emotional state of the caregivers, however, did not affect how much they learnt. Knowledge after the seminar was best predicted from pre-seminar knowledge and age. Older caregivers were less well-informed afterwards, although they did not differ significantly from younger caregivers in their scores initially. These findings do not discount the possibility that emotional carers are too shocked to take in information from hospital staff at the time of admission. The data do demonstrate that, given time to accept the caregiving role, emotional carers are receptive to learning about stroke and the stroke patient's needs.
41 citations
TL;DR: In this article, pre-exposure tests on unstressed specimens of IMI 125 (lowoxygen, commercially pure titanium) in MeOH/HCl solutions revealed that intergranular anodic dissolution was occurring.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, weight loss experiments were performed on IM125 (low-oxygen, commercially pure titanium) coupons exposed to methanol with varying additions of iodine and water.
7 citations
TL;DR: This paper introduces an RSD tetrahedrization procedure, based on the domain Delaunay tetraherrization (DDT) method, that satisfies the above requirements and also has an optimal average-case computational complexity.
7 citations
TL;DR: The adaptive refinement technique proposed in this paper uses strain energy but also incorporates advantages from the h- and p- finite element methods, the multigrid method and a Delaunay based mesh generation method.
Abstract: The finite element method generates solutions to partial differential equations by minimizing a strain energy based functional. Strain energy based techniques for adaptive mesh refinements are not always effective, however. The adaptive refinement technique proposed in this paper uses strain energy but also incorporates advantages from the h- and p- finite element methods, the multigrid method and a Delaunay based mesh generation method. The refinement technique converged rapidly and was numerically efficient when applied to determining stress concentrations around the circular hole of a thick plate under tension.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented a new model of QED which exhibits two distinct phases, one is conventional QED and the other is a new strongly coupled phase, and they gave a field theoretic derivation of the beta function and showed that it is negative.
6 citations
TL;DR: The electronic structure of the novel organic superconductor κ-(BEDT-TTF) 2 Cu(CN)[N(CN) 2 ] ( + ϰ-CN) is studied in this paper.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that in the absence of Coulomb interactions the kinetic theory of a recently proposed new model of strongly coupled QED behaves like an enhanced two-dimensional nonlinear sigma model with O(D+1) symmetry in Euclidean signature.
Abstract: We show that in the absence of Coulomb interactions the kinetic theory of a recently proposed new model of strongly coupled QED behaves like an enhanced two-dimensional nonlinear sigma model with O(D+1) symmetry in Euclidean signature (which becomes an on-compact O(D, 1) symmetry in Minkowski signature). The beta-function is nontrivial in the absence of virtual fermions due to the non-perturbative vacuum fluctuation of the gauge field. In the presence of Coulomb the running coupling approaches an uv stable fixed point αc of order one. In the weak phase the curvature coupling increases at short distances and decreases at large distances.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, explicit expressions for the two squared wave speeds are obtained and exploited in a discussion of wave propagation in the exceptional directions of a singly constrained material that also experiences a near-constraint.
2 citations
TL;DR: The first resonance Raman and hyper-Raman scattering from naphthalene is reported in this article, where the fourth harmonic of a mode-locked Nd:YAG laser is used to resonantly excite the 1B1u+ transition, producing Raman spectra that confirm the dominance of the vibronically active ν28 (b3g) mode and the Franck-Condon active ag modes.
Abstract: The first resonance Raman and hyper‐Raman scattering from naphthalene are reported. Fourth harmonic of a mode‐locked Nd:YAG laser is used to resonantly excite the 1B1u+ transition, producing Raman spectra that confirm the dominance of the vibronically active ν28 (b3g) mode and the Franck–Condon active ag modes, ν5 and ν3. A synchronously pumped stilbene dye laser and its second harmonic are employed as the excitation sources for hyper‐Raman and Raman scattering from the overlapping 1B2u+ and 1Ag− states. The Raman spectra indicate that the equilibrium geometry of naphthalene is distorted primarily along ν5, ν8, and ν7 normal coordinates upon excitation to 1B2u+. The hyper‐Raman spectrum shows that ν25 (b2u) is the mode principally responsible for vibronic coupling between the 1Ag− and 1B2u+ states. The results demonstrate the advantageous features of resonance hyper‐Raman scattering for the case of overlapping one‐ and two‐photon allowed transitions. Calculations based on simple molecular orbital configur...
TL;DR: The norborna-2,5-dien-7-one ring system was first identified in this article using a 1:1 adduct with N-tolyltriazoline dione and cyclobutamaleimide.
Abstract: Reaction of hemicyclone (10) with (E)-1,4-dibromobut-2-ene (9) under forcing conditions yielded a 1:1 adduct (11) which served as the precursor for the 5,6-bismethylenenorborn-2-en-7-one (12) through fluoride-promoted dehydrobromination The conjugated diene group in (12) enters into Diels-Alder reactions with reactive dienophiles to produce intermediate norbornadienones en route to aromatic products It has been possible to identify the norborna-2,5-dien-7-one (16) resulting from the reaction of (12) with N- tolyltriazoline dione (15), thereby offering authentic evidence for the rare norborna-2,5-dien-7-one ring system In addition, (12) has been used as a reagent to evaluate facial selectivity in its reaction with the transient Dewar benzene (24) The cyclobutamaleimide moiety in (24) is screened on each face, yet facial discrimination in its reaction with (12) is high (7: 1) Thermolysis of the 5,6-bismethylenenorborn-2-en-7-one (12) yields the substituted benzocyclobutene (14), a reaction which may involve the o-xylylene (13) as intermediate
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the switching behavior of MISS devices as a function of the geometrical shape and found that the MISS characteristics are very dependent upon the area of the electrode as well as the areas of the p-n junction.
TL;DR: In this paper, two low-J transitions, N(J)=1(0)−0(1) and 1(2)− 0(1), of the HCCN radical in its 3Σ− ground state have been studied by a pulseddischarge−nozzle Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer.
Abstract: Two low‐J transitions, N(J)=1(0)−0(1) and 1(2)−0(1), of the HCCN radical in its 3Σ− ground state have been studied by a pulsed‐discharge‐nozzle Fourier‐transform microwave spectrometer. Spectrum with well‐resolved hyperfine splittings due to hydrogen and nitrogen nuclei was observed, which enabled us to determine accurate hyperfine coupling constants for both the nuclei for the first time in the present study, as well as a much improved spin–spin coupling constant. These hyperfine coupling constants suggest that the electronic structure of the HCCN radical can be described as the one with the allenic structure to be almost twice more important than the carbenic structure. The present results seems to support a conclusion that the molecular structure of the radical is almost linear with a possibility of a large amplitude bending motion.